Download Ch 8 - Midland ISD

Chapter 8
Skin Disorders &
Diseases
Learning Objectives
• Identify and describe common skin lesions,
differentiating between primary and secondary lesions.
• List and describe common disorders of the sebaceous
glands.
• List and describe common changes in skin
pigmentation.
• Identify the forms of skin cancer including symptoms
and mortality rates.
• Identify and describe the major causes of acne and
current treatments.
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Learning Objectives (continued)
• List the factors that contribute to the aging of the
skin.
• Explain the effects of exposure to the sun on the
skin.
• Describe contact dermatitis and prevention
measures for cosmetologists.
Introduction
• Skin care specialists are in high.
• Some stylists find caring for the skin less arduous and
physically demanding
• Skin care is an area of rapid change and growth
• Knowing the basics of skin care and how the skin
functions will allow you to advise clients on their skin
care regimens when they seek your professional
opinion.
Identify Disorders and Diseases of the Skin
• Dermatologist – a physician who specializes in
diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails
• Clients with inflamed skin disorders, whether
infectious or not, should not be served in the salon.
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Lesions of the Skin
• A lesion is a mark on the skin or structural
change in tissues caused by injury or disease.
Primary Lesions of the Skin
Bulla – blister
Macule – small, discolored
spot or patch
Cyst – sac containing
fluid pus
Nodule – solid bump
larger than 0.4 inches
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Primary Lesions of the Skin (continued)
Papule – pimple
Tumor – abnormal cell
mass
Pustule – raised,
inflamed pimple
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Primary Lesions of the Skin (continued)
Vesicle – small blister
with clear fluid
Wheal – itchy, swollen
lesion (hives)
Secondary Lesions
Crust – dead cells
formed over a wound or
blemish
Fissure – crack in the
skin
Excoriation – skin sore
or abrasion
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Secondary Lesions (continued)
Keloid – thick scar
Scar or cicatrix – lightcolored, slightly raised
mark on skin
Scale – thin plate of
epidermal flakes
Ulcer – open lesion with
pus
Identify Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
• Comedones – open, closed
• Milia – benign, keratin-filled cyst
www.dermnet.com
Courtesy Mark Lees Skin
Care, Inc.
• Acne – common pimples
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Identify Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
(continued)
• Sebaceous cyst – large,
protruding, pocketlike lesion
filled with sebum
• Seborrheic dermatitis –
inflammation of the sebaceous
glands
• Rosacea – chronic
inflammatory congestion of the
cheeks and nose
Identify Disorders of the Sudoriferous
(Sweat) Gland
• Anhidrosis – lack of perspiration
• Bromidrosis – foul-smelling perspiration
• Hyperhidrosis – excessive perspiration
• Miliaria rubra – prickly heat
Recognize Inflammations and Common
Infections of the Skin
www.dermnet.com
• Conjunctivitis – pinkeye
• Dermatitis – inflammatory skin condition
• Eczema – acute, chronic lesions (dry or moist)
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Recognize Inflammations and Common
Infections of the Skin (continued)
• Impetigo – weeping lesions
• Psoriasis – common, chronic,
inflammatory skin disease
© Levent Konuk/Shutterstock.com
• Herpes simplex – fever
blisters
Recognize Pigment Disorders of the Skin
• Hyperpigmentation
• Hypopigmentation
• Albinism
• Lentigines
• Leukoderma
www.dermnet.com
• Chloasma
• Nevus
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Recognize Pigment Disorders of the Skin (continued)
• Stains
• Tan
• Vitiligo
List Hypertrophies of the Skin
• Keratoma – callus
• Mole – small brownish spot or
blemish
• Skin tag – small brown or fleshcolored outgrowth of the skin
• Verruca – wart
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Understand Skin Cancer
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Malignant melanoma
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Understand Skin Cancer (continued)
The ABCDE cancer checklist
A – Asymmetry
B – Border
C – Color
D – Diameter
E – Evolving
Examine Acne and Problem Skin
• Retention hyperkeratosis – hereditary
tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells
in the follicle
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Examine Acne and Problem Skin (continued)
• Propionibacterium acnes – anaerobic (cannot
survive in the presence of oxygen)
• Acne papule – inflammatory acne lesion
resulting from follicle wall rupture and infusion of
blood
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Examine Acne and Problem Skin (continued)
Acne Treatment
• Cleansers and toners for oily skin
• Follicle exfoliants
• Avoidance of fatty skin-care products
• Light moisturizer
Analyze Aging Skin Issues
Intrinsic Factors – skin aging factors over which we
have little control
• Genetics and ethnicity
• Gravity
• Facial expressions
Extrinsic Aging Factors
Extrinsic factors – environmental factors
•
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•
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Sun exposure
Smoking
Overuse of alcohol
Smoking and drinking together
Stress
Poor nutrition
Exposure to pollution
Understand the Sun and its Effects
• 80 to 85 percent of aging is caused by sun’s
rays.
• UVA rays – weaken the collagen and elastin
fibers
• UVB rays – burning rays that cause sunburn and
tanning by affecting the melanocytes
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Protection from the Sun
• Avoid deliberate exposure.
• Avoid prolonged exposure.
• Apply sunscreen liberally.
• Avoid exposing children under six months old.
• Wear hat and protective clothing outdoors.
Recognize Contact Dermatitis
An inflammation of the skin caused by having
contact with certain chemicals or substances.
• Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Irritant Contact Dermititis
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Caused when skin is allergic to an ingredient or
product.
• Sensitization – an allergic reaction created by
repeated exposure to a chemical or substance
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
• Caused when irritating substances temporarily
damage the epidermis
• Examples: corrosive substances or exfoliating
agents
• Avoided by wearing gloves when working with
irritating chemicals
Protect Yourself
• Keep tools and surroundings clean (proper
disinfection of brush handles, containers,
surfaces, etc.).
• Wear protective gloves.
• Keep hands clean and moisturized.
Summary and Review
• The skin is the largest organ of the body and
protects us from the environment, regulates body
temperature, and provides sensation.
• The skin can be affected quite easily by most salon
services.
• By learning to identify the various diseases and
disorders of the skin, you will be able to provide
more effective and safe services for your clients.
Chapter Review Questions
1. Define a primary skin lesion and list three types.
2. Define a secondary skin lesion and list three types.
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Chapter Review Questions (continued)
3. Name and describe at least five disorders of the
sebaceous glands
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Chapter Review Questions (continued)
4. Name and describe at least five changes in skin
pigmentation.
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Chapter Review Questions (continued)
5. Name and describe the three forms of skin cancer.
6. What are two major causes of acne and how
should they be effectively treated?
7. What is the most significant factor in aging of the
skin and increasing risk of all types of skin cancer?
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Chapter Review Questions (continued)
8. Explain the effect of overexposure to the sun on
the skin.
9. What is contact dermatitis and how it can be
prevented?