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Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBOJBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4074The Linnean Society of London, 2005? 2005 1482 245249 Original Article A NEW TURKISH SPECIES OF CRATAEGUS A. A. DÖNMEZ Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 245–249. With 2 figures A new species of Crataegus (Rosaceae) from Turkey ALI A. DÖNMEZ* Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06532, Turkey Received July 2004; accepted for publication October 2004 The new species Crataegus yaltirikii Dönmez (Rosaceae) belonging to section Crataegus, series Orientales (Schn.) Pojark. is described from Turkey. The most prominent features of the species are the coriaceous nature of the leaves, widely cuneate leaf bases, wide basal leaf lobes, slightly oblong fruit, dark red fruit colour and the distinct neck of the calyx base. A description and illustration of the new species are given and its relationship to closely related species is discussed. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 245– 249. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: endemism – IUCN – systematics – taxonomy. INTRODUCTION An ongoing study of Crataegus in Turkey by the author revealed that the genus has more species than hitherto known. Similarly, in a monographic study about the Old World Crataegus in section Crataegus, Christensen (1992) recorded many more taxa in the genus than given in the Flora of Turkey by Browicz (1972). Moreover, he included Turkey among the diversity centres of the section Crataegus. The present author (Dönmez, 2004) has also stated that there are some important breeding areas in Turkey for Crataegus species, with many taxa, intraspecific variation and hybrid forms. A number of field trips in south-east Turkey produced interesting Crataegus specimens characterized by dark red fruit and greenish calyx. Other distinctive features included the indumentum, leaf shape and serration. Following detailed literature and herbarium studies, it has been decided to erect a new species of Crataegus. After a discussion with Christensen, the area located in a deep valley was visited again to make further observations, and to collect flowering material. In the following year, the flowering time was over, but flowers were again collected on the last field trip to the area (in 2004). In addition, the area was carefully surveyed and observed to gain an understanding of the *E-mail: [email protected] ecology and population structure of the new species. Meanwhile, a new location with many specimens was discovered in another valley 20 km from the first location. Crataegus azarolus var. aronia was also found. The two taxa are distinguished on leaf appearance, even at a considerable distance. The new species is also characterized by more shiny and dark green leaves. DESCRIPTION CRATAEGUS YALTIRIKII DÖNMEZ SP. NOV. (FIG. 1). Type: Turkey: C9 Şırnak, Beytü şşebap, above Günyüzü village, opening of deciduous forest, 37∞27¢N 043∞09¢E, 1495 m, 28.ix.2002; A.A.Dönmez (cited as AAD) 11143-B.Mutlu; 18.vi.2003, A.A.Dönmez 11261; 26.v.2004, A.A.Dönmez 11922. C9 Şırnak, Beytü şşebap, from Da ğdibi village to main road, alongside the road, 37∞22¢N, 043∞07¢E, 1124 m, 26.v.2004, A.A.Dönmez 11912. (holotypus: HUB, isotypus: E and ISTO). Diagnosis: Affinis Crataegii azarolii L. sed folii latibasii, folii segmentis basalis latioribus, fructus subglobosus et sanguineus, calyci in collum elongatum producta, sepala supra viridulus differt. Description: SHRUBS or SMALL TREE up to 4 m. Twigs moderately to sparsely tomentose. Thorny with two types of branch; long, stout, flowering branches (up to © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 245–249 245 246 A. A. DÖNMEZ 10 cm), the short, fine, branches (5–10 mm) without leaves. Buds 1.5–3 mm long by 1.7–2.5 mm wide. LEAVES slightly coriaceous, green above and greyish green below, slightly lustrous above, adpressed, sparsely pubescent above and beneath, widely cuneate at base, lobes mostly with small apical point. Leaves of flowering shoots 25–35 ¥ 20–30 mm, trilobed, entire or lobed with 2–5 dentate teeth in distal 1/5, terminal lobe oblong to ovate, with 2–3 dentate teeth, basal sinuses at middle or upper part of lamina length, basal lobe 0.5–1 times as long as wide, angles of basal vein almost at 45∞; petiole 6–12 mm long; stipules early deciduous 0.4–1.2 ¥ 0.2–0.3 mm long, lanceolate, widest at base, entire. Subterminal leaf blades of short shoots similar to leaves of flowering shoots, leaf blades trilobed, rarely pentalobed, petiole up to 18 mm. Leaves of elongate shoots trilobed, basal lobes divergent, petiole 10–15 mm, slightly winged, canaliculate, stipules mostly developed, D-shaped in section, 8– 15 ¥ 6–9 mm, 8–12 dentate. INFLORESCENCE 15– 25 ¥ 10–20 mm, lax, corymbose, 5–10 flowered, pubescent; pedicels 3–4 mm; flowers 10–15 mm in diameter; hypanthium 3–5 ¥ 3–4 mm; sepals 2–2.5 ¥ 2–3 mm, widely triangular at base, shortly cuspidate, recurved, greenish inside, entire; petals 4–8 ¥ 5–8 mm; stamens 20; styles 2–3, stigma wide, lobed. Fruit 8–11 ¥ 7– 10 mm, globose to slightly oblong, dark reddish with whitish lenticels, densely pilose around calyx, flesh orange, juicy; sepals recurved at maturity, attached to short neck top of fruit; pyrenes 5–8 ¥ 4–5 mm, 2–3, dorsally 1-(-2) sulcate, hypostyle glabrous. Figure 1. Crataegus yaltirikii. A, habit; B, fruit (flesh partly removed); C, pyrene (dorsal view). () Etymology: The specific epithet is in honour of emeritus botany Professor Faik Yaltırık, Forest ◊ Faculty of Istanbul University. Iconography: Figure 1. Ecology and phenology: Flowering; 5–6, Mature fruit; 9–10. Among the Quercus scrub. 1100–1500 m. Distribution: Endemic. Irano-Turanian element; known from two localities of the Beytü şşebap ( Şırnak) district (Fig. 2) . Conservation status: The type locality of C. yaltirikii has been searched to investigate population structure. There were several shrubs and trees with mature fruits. The second locality has many individuals. Based on both localities, the total distribution area of the species is over 50 km2. Due to the wild nature of the region, it was difficult to survey the whole area for this species during a single field trip. However, it seems likely that new locations will be found in the region. Figure 2. Distribution of Crataegus yaltirikii (), C. azarolus var. azarolus ( ), C. azarolus var. aronia (), C. pontica () and C. orientalis ssp. orientalis ( ). The wild nature and absence of any distinct threats in the localities indicate that there is no special threat to this species. Considering its distribution pattern, ‘Least Concern’ (LC) status in the IUCN categories (IUCN, 2001) is proposed. The species has potential for cultivation based on its interesting fruit colour and leaf shape. DISCUSSION The proposed new species is most closely related to C. azarolus L. var. azarolus and C. pontica C. Koch (Table 1). The treatment of C. azarolus by Christensen (1992), and that of C. pontica by Koch are followed, the latter for its morphological distinction. Many specimens of the latter species have been collected from © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 245–249 A NEW TURKISH SPECIES OF CRATAEGUS 247 Table 1. Comparison of morphology of Crataegus yaltirikii sp. nov., with C. azarolus var. azarolus, C. orientalis ssp. orientalis and C. pontica C. yaltirikii sp. nov. C. azarolus var. azarolus C. orientalis ssp. orientalis C. pontica Leaf indumentum below Leaf texture Pair of leaf lobes Length/wide ratio of basal lobes Sinuses of basal lobes Sparsely pubescent Glabrous or subglabrous Lanate Pubescent Coriaceous 1 0.5–1 ± Leafy 1–2 (1-) 2–4 Leafy 2–3 2–4 + – Coriaceous 1–2 1–2 Up to lamina half Beyond lamina half Beyond lamina half Teeth of basal lobes Stipules of flowering shoot Calyx neck Fruit colour Sepal-fruit colour Sepal position at fruit Nearly absent Lanceolate Up to or beyond lamina half Mostly present Oblong to D-shaped, lanceolate ±Absent Yellow-orange (reddish) Same Erect, patent or reflexed Present Ovate-oblong, D-shaped Absent Dark red Same Patent or reflexed Present Ovate-oblong, D-shaped Absent Orange, red suffused Same Patent or reflexed Characters Present Dark red Different Rolled outwards various localities of Turkey in the course of a project on Turkish Crataegus species, conducted by the author. In addition, many examples of both taxa, including some type specimens and original specimens, have been examined at herbaria whose acronyms are given in the Acknowledgements. The third species which is closely related to the new species is C. orientalis M. Bieb. ssp. orientalis. Similarly, many specimens have been collected from Turkey and examined at the mentioned herbaria. Previous studies by Pojarkova (1941), Meikle (1966), Riedl (1969), Browicz (1972), Christensen (1992) and Khatamsaz (1991) suggest that the new species is most close to C. azarolus L. whose circumscription is generally used in a wide sense by various authors (e.g. Franco, 1968; Meikle, 1977; Pignatti, 1982). The recent monographic study on the genus by Christensen (1992) employed a similar concept of C. azarolus. He recognized four varieties viz.; var. azarolus, var. aronia L., var. chlorocarpa (Moris) K.I.Chr. and var. pontica (C.Koch) K.I.Chr. and further reduced two recently described varieties (C. aronia L. var. dentata Browicz and C. aronia L. var. minuta Browicz) to C. azarolus var. aronia. Christensen keyed var. azarolus as ‘leaves glabrous (subglabrous) beneath and orange red fruit colours’ in his monograph. However, fruit colours of var. azarolus range from yellow to light reddish (Hammer & Perrino, 1985). Other varieties have yellow or orange coloured fruit, but, C. yaltirikii has a very distinct dark red (bloody) colour. Furthermore, fruit size of var. azarolus is larger than that of the new species and the shape of the fruit of the former taxon is globose to slightly depressed. The specimen of C. pontica collected from the type locality has 2–3 (-5) pyrenes and yellow to orange coloured fruit. The flesh is similar to that of C. yaltirikii. However, the fruit of C. pontica is clearly different from that of the new species in its globose to slightly depressed shape, larger size and yellowish colour. In terms of the fruit characters, C. yaltirikii is similar to C. orientalis ssp. orientalis. In addition, the new species has many distinctive features in its habit, indumentum and leaf character. The calyx of C. yaltirikii has an outstanding colour, being yellowish green on its upper surface and dark red outside. In addition, each of the sepals is rolled back in mature fruit, a position possibly unique to Crataegus yaltirikii. C. yaltirikii has a moderately to sparsely tomentose indumentum on young shoots. The indumentua of C. azarolus, C. pontica and C. orientalis ssp. orientalis are more dense and lanate or tomentose. A similar pattern of indumentum is seen on the leaves. The hairs of the leaves of C. yaltirikii are more sparse than those of the leaves of C. azarolus var. aronia, producing a greener colour than that of C. azarolus var. aronia in the same habitat. In terms of indumentum, leaf shape and texture, fruit colour and the flesh features, the new species is closest to the species of sect. Crataegus ser. Orientales (Schn.) Pojark. This series has four species; C. azarolus L., C. pontica, C. orientalis M.Bieb. and C. heldreichii Boiss. The first three species are common in Turkey, represented by several subspecies and varieties. Hundreds of the specimens belonging to these taxa have been collected from Turkey and many © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 245–249 248 A. A. DÖNMEZ representative specimens have been examined in the various herbaria given below. C. heldreichii Boiss. naturally grows in the Balkan area, but not in Turkey. Many representative specimens have been examined in the herbaria. Although there is some similarity between C. heldreichii and C. yaltirikii in fruit characters, both are rather different from each other in leaf, habit and other features. C. azarolus var. azarolus naturally grows in southern Europe and the east border of its distribution is Italy according to Christensen. This new species grows naturally at Şırnak in south-east Turkey, considerably far away from the distribution area of the former taxon, thus demonstrating the geographical isolation of the two taxa. The distribution areas of the taxa related to the new species are given in the map derived from Christensen (1992) and Browicz (1972). The examined specimens are listed in the Appendix. The taxa in C. azarolus mostly grow in drier habitats in Turkey. In contrast, the localities of the new species are not suitable places for the infraspecific taxa of C. azarolus due to higher humidity. The specimens grow in the mixed deciduous forest on the banks of a river. Furthermore, the area is surrounded by high mountains such that humidity is increased because of the lack of effective wind. An extensive literature survey, herbarium studies and field observations indicate that none of the varieties has dark red fruit. Among the varieties of C. azarolus the most common found in Turkey is var. aronia. Maturation of the fruit is very late and it has hard skin and thinner flesh. Therefore, the fruit is not attractive for eating. Christensen KI. 1992. Revision of Crataegus sect. Crataegus and nothosect. Crataeguineae (Rosaceae-Maloideae) in the Old World. Systematic Botany Monographs 35. Dönmez AA. 2004. The genus Crataegus L. (Rosaceae) with special reference to hybridisation and biodiversity in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 29–37. Franco JDA. 1968. Crataegus L. In: Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA, eds. Flora Europaea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2: 73–77. Hammer K, Perrino P. 1985. Azzeruolo (Crataegus azarolus L.) – a rare fruit tree in South Italy. Gleditschia 13 (1): 107– 111. IUCN. 2001. IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland; Cambridge, UK: IUCN. Khatamsaz M. 1991. The genus Crataegus L. (Rosaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 5 (1): 47–56. Meikle RD. 1966. Crataegus L. In: Townsend CC, Guest E, eds. Flora of Iraq. Baghdad: Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Iraq 2: 155–118. Meikle RD. 1977. Crataegus L. In: Meikle RD, ed. Flora of Cyprus. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens 1: 635–637. Pignatti S. 1982. Crataegus L. In: Pignatti S, ed. Flora d’Italia. Bologna, Roma, Milano: Edagricole 1: 611–613. Pojarkova AI. 1941. Crataegus L. In: Komarov VL, Yuzepchuk SV, eds. Flora USSR. Moscow; Leningrad: Botanicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR (Translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1971.) 9: 317–356. Riedl H. 1969. Crataegus L. In: Rechinger KH, ed. Flora Iranica. Graz: Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt 66: 49–65. APPENDIX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The specimens of C. yaltirikii were collected and photographed during the field trips made for the project ‘Revision of the genus Crataegus in Turkey’ supported ◊ by (TÜB ITAK-TBAG). It has been described as a new species during the author’s visits to BM, E, C, K, L, and W herbaria, which were also supported by ◊ TÜB ITAK. The author would like to thank JE, P and PR herbaria for kindly sending specimens on loan to Hacettepe University, Ankara. The author also wishes ◊ to thank TÜB ITAK for financial support, the staff of RBGE for the use of herbarium and library facilities, the curators of the mentioned herbaria and Gülnur Ek şi for the illustration. REFERENCES Browicz K. 1972. Crataegus L. In: Davis PH, ed. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 4: 133–147. SPECIMENS EXAMINED BELONGING TO CRATAEGUS AZAROLUS VAR. AZAROLUS, C. AZAROLUS VAR. ARONIA, C. PONTICA AND C. ORIENTALIS SSP. ORIENTALIS Crataegus azarolus var. azarolus (selected specimens) FRANCE: Prope Narbonem et au Pech de I’ agniel (Department De I’Aude) Majo 1830, Enderfs sn. (E!, JE!, W!). Hort. Reg. Parisiensis, Ex herbario Reichenbachiano, sn. (JE!). Sardaigne, sn. & collector unknown (JE!). Vereinigte Herbarien T: Ph. Ekart u. Th. Irmisch, Sondershausen sn. (JE!). Montpellier, Hrb. W. Gerhard & Lipsia 1820 (JE!). Herault, Beziers, Sennen sn. (JE!, W!). Aude, La Clappe, a Combe-malle, mai 1887, R.Neyra sn. (E!, JE!, W!). Herb. Musei Palat Vindob. Cult, im Borden & Borden 1893, I (W!). ITALY: H. Pro Herbarium Siculum, in collibus calcareis reg inferioris et subinat Polermo, 5.vi.1900, R. Coll 231 (E!). Sicily, Trapani, c. 35 km NE of Trapani Timpone, 20 m, 23.v.1979, Davis & Sutton 63648 (E!). MALTA: Mellicha, 200 m, 11.iv.1970, Davis & Sutton 50624 (E!). © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 245–249 A NEW TURKISH SPECIES OF CRATAEGUS C. azarolus var. aronia (selected specimens) TURKEY: Çanakkale: 25 km N. of Gelibolu, mediterranean vegetation, 10 m, 1.vii.1966, F.Sorger 68.2. 81 (W!). B7 Erzincan: E ğin, P. Sintenis 1890: 2342 (W!). Bitlis: Sason, 8.viii.1910, Hand.-Mazz. 2678 (W!). Mu ğla: Datça, Ta şlıca village, Karayurt district, limestone, 36∞37¢423¢¢N, 28∞06¢063¢¢E, 208 m, 1.xii.2001, AAD 10309. Isparta: Kurutepe, Steppenhügel, ◊ 1300 m, 14.vi.1966, F.Sorger 66.44.48 (W!). Içel: 18 km SW Mut, Steppenhügel, 350 m, 6.vi.1966, F.Sorger 66.21. 4 (W!). Urfa: Halfeti, 650 m, 30.iv.1980, F.Sorger 80.14.29 (W!). Adıyaman: W of Eskikahta, römisce Brücke, Felsspalten, Steppenhang, Feldrand, 900 m, 3.v.1980, F.Sorger 80.22. 3 (W!). Hakkari: Şemdinli, among Quercus scrub, 37∞18¢418¢¢N, 044∞34¢620¢¢E, 1435 m, 3.x.2001, AAD 10111. C. pontica (selected specimens) GEORG I◊A: In angustiis Ateni (dist Gori), prope templum Sion declivibus australibus apricis, 10.ix.1913. A. Pojarkova, sn. UZBEKISTAN: Taskent, 70–80 km NE of Taskent, Village of Atas, above pioneer Camp in Karzhantau Ridge of Tien-Shan Mountains, along stream bank in a rock canyon, 1700–2000 m, small tree, 4 m height, 22.vii.1985, T. S. Elias 9790 et al. (E!). TADZIKISTAN: na potnoc od Duszanbe, wawoz rzeki Kondor, powyzej Warzobskiej stacji botaicznej, 1200–1250 m, zarosla na potudnioowym zboczu, 28.v.1977, K. Browicz 3. TURKEY: Artvin: Ardanuç, Yamaçlı village, c. 1600 m, 3.vii.2002, AAD 11077; Ardanuç, the road of Kutul pasture, below of the Harmanlı village, opening of deciduous forest, 41∞04¢ 902¢¢N 042∞12¢ 113¢¢E, 1960 m, 2.vii.2002, AAD 11080; 29.ix.2002, AAD 11147; around Kutul pasture, 41∞05¢ 063¢¢N 042∞11¢ 595¢¢E, 1942 m, 29.ix.2002, AAD 11155. Bingöl: 1.5 km from Yolçatı village to Bingöl, roadside, 38∞56¢ 032N, 040∞18¢ 844¢¢E, 1556 m, AAD 10525; 28.v.2002, AAD 10707-B. Mutlu; 30.ix.2002, AAD 10895, AAD 10896, 27.ix.2002, AAD 11134. Siirt: around Gercü ş, steppe, 16.vi.2001, AAD 9267; Pervari, 1 km from Pervari to Buhara Pass, opening of Quercus forest, 37∞55¢ 656¢¢N, 042∞18¢ 373¢¢E, 1350 m, 12.vii.2001, AAD 9657. Şırnak: Eruh, 3 km from Görendoruk to Eruh Quercus opening, limestone, c. 1300 m, 29.v.2002, AAD 10749-B. Mutlu; Uludere, Uzungeçit, 29.v.2002, AAD 10751, AAD 10760-B. Mutlu. 249 C. orientalis ssp. orientalis (selected specimens) MACEDON I◊ A: Brostica (Stogowo-Planina) Östl. v. Debar, 1200 m, 3.vii.1938, Dr. L. Lemferg 731 (K!). Filipei Dsamarina, c. 1700 m, 28.vi.1937, Balls 3405 (K!). GREECE: Gavnafsi, in regnum abeietina, alt. c. 1500 m, 8.vi.1857, Samaritani & Guicciardi 632 (BM!). CR I◊MEA: Simferopol: in collibus, prope pagnum Mamak, 6.vii.1900, Callier 817 (K!). ARMENIA: Erevan, in vicin, urb. Erivan, ad deliva saxosa prope monesterium Gehart in silvis aridis, 18.vi.1952, A. Pojarkova 6522 (BM!). TURKEY: Çanakkale: Gelibolu, Şarköy road junction, around Ortaköy, 40∞35¢ 916¢¢N, 26∞52¢ 094¢¢E, 20 m, 7.v.2001, AAD 8682; Çan, around Kocalar village, Quercus opening, c. 700 m, 8.viii.1999, AAD 7575. Bursa: Uluda ğ, Ski centre, above the hotels, Abies nordmanniana opening, W side, 40∞06¢ 144¢¢N, 029∞08¢ 005¢¢E, 1905 m, 9.vii.2003, AAD 11649. Ankara: Kızılcahamam, E ğerli, Dereköy village, Quercus-Carpinus-Corylus scrub, c. 1300 m, 2 xi.2001, AAD 10365-S. Işık. Ardahan: Posof, around city, stream bed, 1300 m, opening of deciduous scrub, ◊ 25.viii.1995, AAD 5023. Izmir: Ödemi ş, between Ovacık-Gölcük, Pinus nigra opening, 38∞18¢ 183¢¢N, 028∞02¢ 623¢¢E, 1243 m, 23.ix.2001, AAD 10162. Afyon: Karaku ş mountain, 3 km from Karacaören to Yalvaç, Bozdurmu ş Pass, limestone, steppe, 58∞14¢ 455¢¢N, 30∞38¢ 657¢¢E, 1300–1600 m, 19.v.2001, AAD 8822. Burdur: Bucak, Be şkonak village, stepe, 37∞25¢ 890¢¢N, 30∞40¢ 304¢¢E, 790 m, 21.v.2001, AAD 8860. Ni ğde: Altunhisar, Hasanda ğı, Karakapı village, 1900 m, steppe, 18.viii.1996, AAD 5472. Sivas: 27 km from Akda ğmadeni to Sivas, Quercus cerris-Pinus sylvestris mixed forest, 39∞48¢ 604¢¢N, 036∞04¢ 136¢¢E, 1330 m, 28.ix.2001, AAD 10179. Mara ş: Af şin, Tanır village, Kirmanta ş district, 38∞28¢ 187¢¢N, 036∞52¢ 453¢¢E, 1455 m, 15.ix.2001, AAD 10134. Tunceli: 7 km to Pülümür from Erzincan-Erzurum road, Quercus scrub, 39∞32¢ 900¢¢N, 039∞54¢ 280¢¢E, 1560 m, 29.ix.2001, AAD 10190. Bingöl: 35 km from Bingöl to Karakoçan, above Sarıca village, igneous rocks, 38∞55¢ 261¢¢N, 042∞12¢ 619¢¢E, 1724 m, 30.ix.2001, AAD 10206. Bitlis: Tatvan, Çayırönü village, steppe, 38∞28¢ 132¢¢N, 042∞19¢ 249¢¢E, 1726 m, 2.x.2001, AAD 10276. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 245–249