Download natural resource management plan 2002 - 2007

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
PLAN
2002 - 2007
ARMAND BAYOU NATURE CENTER
March 2002
www.abnc.org
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WALDEN
We need the tonic of wildness –
To wade sometimes in marshes
Where the bittern and the meadow –
hen lurk,
and hear the booming of the snipe;
to smell the whispering sedge where
only some wilder and more solitary
fowl builds her nest,
and the mink crawls with its belly
close to the ground.
At the same time that we are earnest
to explore and learn all things,
we require that all things be
mysterious and unexplorable.
We can never have enough of
nature.
We must be refreshed by the sight of
inexhaustible vigor, vast and titanic
features,
the sea-coast with its wrecks,
the wildness with its living and its
decaying trees,
the thunder-cloud,
and the rain which lasts three weeks
and produces freshsets.
we need to witness our own limits
transgressed,
and some life pasturing freely where
we never wander
1. The Vision for Conservation
3
2. Estuarine Bayous
7
3. Mixed Hardwood Forest
11
4. Coastal Tallgrass Prairie
13
5. Wildlife Management
17
6. Cultural Resources
20
7. Management Strategies
26
8. Conservation Tools
29
9. Public Education
31
10. Budget
32
Table
33
Appendices
34
Maps
Henry David Thoreau
2
“Great conservation requires
a sound overlay of
planning and strategy,
on a foundation of
emotion.”
Weeks (1997)
1. THE VISION FOR
CONSERVATION
Successfully managing the natural and cultural resources of Armand
Bayou Nature Center requires a carefully planned approach. The
strategies employed must be based on sound science and natural resource
management techniques. This plan incorporates these as well as
prioritizes the many stewardship needs required to implement successful
land management. Environmental conditions and biological unknowns will need to be resolved and
management procedures may need to be adjusted as their impact upon the biological communities
becomes better understood. Cooperation between numerous organizations and agencies will need to be
strengthened and expanded. Balancing these many needs and goals against available funding requires
that ABNC have a natural resource management plan.
A. ABNC MISSION
Armand Bayou Nature Center was established in 1974 as a not-for-profit Section 501(c)(3)
corporation, an outgrowth of conservation efforts in an area facing imminent development (Herzberg,
1988). The mission of the Nature Center is twofold: to provide educational opportunities for people
and to preserve the habitats with which ABNC has been entrusted. The strategies to be employed in
accomplishing this dual mission of education and conservation are outlined in the ABNC Strategic
Business Plan, 2000-2003 (ABNC, 1999).
Surrounded by a highly urbanized area, ABNC manages nearly 2,500 acres of native habitat, including
three major ecosystems: coastal tallgrass prairie, mixed hardwood forest, and portions of two
unchannelized estuarine bayous with associated wetlands (Figure 1). Additional native habitat also
survives adjacent to the Nature Center along the upper reaches of Armand Bayou.
B. CORE VALUES
Three core values comprise the philosophical underpinnings of the mission and strategic goals of
ABNC.
1. Preservation of wilderness and its benefits
Natural areas are a reservoir of biological diversity. The wild plants, animals and other organisms that
are protected on these lands provide priceless and irreplaceable benefits for future generations of
Texans. Wild animals and plants are the basis of our food supply, medicines, and industrial products.
These natural areas provide ecological services for every citizen such as water purification, flood
control and air quality improvement. They also provide critical habitat for migrating birds and
spawning fish, which in turn support the local and distant economies through the fishing industry,
ecotourism and other outdoor recreational opportunities. Through proper management, these habitats
will promote the continuance of these species and their associated benefits.
2. Education through a living museum
Secondly, these natural areas are living museums of natural and cultural history. The primary exhibits
are the wild plants, animals and natural habitats. These living exhibits are explained to visitors through
nature trails, displays, brochures and educational programs. This interpretation fosters an appreciation
3
and understanding of healthy natural systems while showing people how to take steps in daily living to
protect and preserve the natural world.
3. Refuge for people.
Finally, these natural areas are places where people can take temporary refuge from an increasingly
mechanized and urbanized world. They are managed to provide a “mood of wilderness” that serves as
a place for reflection, contemplation and non-consuming nature-oriented recreation and education.
C. STEWARDSHIP GOALS
The goals of resource management at ABNC are:
• To restore and effectively manage historic vegetation, wildlife communities and cultural
resources within the boundaries of ABNC;
• To foster research that contributes to the knowledge of these resources and to resource
management; and
• To promote conservation throughout the Armand Bayou and Taylor Bayou watersheds.
Stewardship also contributes to the larger goals of the Nature Center in general:
• Serving as a role model to the community for the principles and values of conservation;
• Establishing a planning framework for management decisions and directed future growth;
• Increasing visitation and public participation in a manner that protects the natural resources;
and
• Ensuring financial stability.
D. MANAGEMENT PLAN
The purpose of the ABNC Natural Resource Management Plan is to ensure that the Nature Center has
a clearly defined direction for resource preservation, management and visitor use. The Plan articulates
the management philosophy to be followed and provides the blueprint for future management
decisions. The Plan includes estimates of manpower and financial costs, time action schedule with
milestones, a monitoring process to observe the success of the management program and the
identification of new problems and objectives.
The dynamic nature of the biological communities and our growing knowledge of proper management
strategies mandates that this Plan be an evolving document. The Plan will require periodic review and
adjustments. The initial focus will be on the data needs and inventory design at ABNC. In the future,
the Plan should shift to a greater emphasis on analysis and evaluation. Then problems, solutions and
implementation strategies can be assessed. Ultimately, the Plan is expected to be more predictive,
holistic and outward looking (beyond ABNC boundaries).
E. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
To accomplish the stewardship goals of Armand Bayou Nature Center, the following or strategic
objectives are critical:
1. Habitat restoration will endeavor to aid the natural systems to become as ecologically sustainable
as possible. Because of large-scale changes to the local landscape and environment, it is not possible to
restore the bayou and adjacent ecosystems to their original historic condition. Rather, management
activities will endeavor to return these habitats to their highest ecological capacity, given the present
natural, political, social and economic constraints (Prichard, 1999).
4
2. Stewardship staff will recognize and address the lack of baseline data to guide management
efforts. ABNC lacks site-specific data on various environmental aspects of the natural resources.
Recognizing resource limitations, staff will assess their data needs, set priorities, and establish a multiyear data acquisition program that will provide a base for further refinement of the Natural Resource
Management Plan.
3. Effective management will depend on the development of a comprehensive monitoring system.
Nearly every aspect of natural resource management will require some type of field monitoring,
whether it be monitoring of water quality, wetlands status, deer population or distribution of exotic
species. Stewardship staff and the Executive Director need appropriate, reliable information to evaluate
problems and measure progress. The Management Plan should contain a conceptual design of an
efficient, multi-purpose method for monitoring environmental conditions at ABNC. Stewardship staff
should also prepare periodic status reports of preserve conditions and management results.
4. Adequate information about ABNC ecosystems will be collected for making management
decisions. There is a need to establish a long-term inventory and monitoring program at ABNC. The
current state of the natural resources must be established as baseline data; then quantitative and
qualitative changes must be identified over time. Only through a comprehensive inventory and
monitoring program can adequate information be made available for sound decision making.
5. Resources are managed to interpret the natural and cultural heritage of Armand Bayou. The
bayou and associated ecosystems have evolved through the complex interplay between climate,
geology, grazing, fire, and human activities. Management activities will take the interpretation of these
elements for the public into consideration. The preservation of vistas on the prairie, for example, will
help visitors experience the feeling of openness of the landscape. Some management activities might
be conducted specifically to enhance the visitor experience and portions of the preserve visible to the
public may have higher restoration priorities.
6. ABNC will strengthen and maintain effective partnerships. Many issues, such as water quality,
biodiversity and habitat loss, can be addressed effectively only through partnership efforts. The
adjacent communities, resource agencies, regulatory agencies, local businesses and industry can
provide valuable resources and expertise. Accommodating diverse viewpoints and interests, and
sharing information, will be very important for the successful, long-term management of the preserve.
7. Effective conservation and education efforts will need to extend beyond the boundaries of ABNC.
Working with city, county and state officials to preserve additional habitat along Armand Bayou is
critical to the long-term health of the ABNC preserve. In addition, education of local lawmakers and
communities will help minimize additional adverse environmental impacts to the preserve.
F. RESTORATION MODEL
The goal of restoration is to aid each of the ecosystems at ABNC to reach its ecological climax,
defined as that point at which the ecosystems become a stable, self-sustaining community. Climax
communities are in an advanced stage of ecological succession and usually have a diverse array of
species and ecological niches. Climax systems are characterized by the ability to capture and use
energy and cycle critical nutrients more efficiently than simpler, immature communities (Miller, 1994)
G. MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY
Long-term natural resource management at ABNC is based on an adaptive planning framework in
which ecosystems are regularly monitored and techniques adjusted when necessary to meet restoration
goals. Major components of the adaptive approach include:
5
•
•
•
•
•
Collection of baseline information (e.g., inventories and mapping);
Assessment of the condition of major community types and sensitive species and communities;
Integration of baseline information and assessment results into resource management planning;
Scheduled monitoring of condition and management treatment effects; and
Analysis of monitoring data and formulation of adjusted management recommendations based
on the results.
Several assumptions are key to this adaptive approach, including:
• Native plant and wildlife communities are dynamic over time in terms of spatial distribution
and species composition. Management planning needs to consider and allow for these
biological dynamics.
• The preservation of native plant and wildlife communities is dependent upon the preservation
and management of natural processes (such as hydrologic regime, fire, wildlife activity) and the
protection of these communities from highly competitive non-native species.
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2. ESTUARINE BAYOUS
We call upon the waters that
rim the earth, horizon to
horizon, that flow in our
rivers and streams, that fall
upon our gardens and
streams and we ask that
they
Teach us, and show us the
way.
Chinook Blessing Litany
Armand Bayou and Taylor Bayou lie at the heart of the ABNC. These
two water bodies are estuarine streams, receiving inputs of tidal energy
as well as larval and juvenile forms of marine life from Galveston Bay.
They also receive substantial inputs of freshwater, sediment and
nutrients from the surrounding upland areas and tributaries. Significant
environmental impacts are evident on both bayous. The scope and scale
of the needed restoration and management activities represents a critical
challenge to ABNC. “Armand Bayou will prove to be a difficult
environmental management problem compared to other potential coastal
preserves. The key aspect of the problem is that environmental
rehabilitation, rather than protection, is a likely objective.” (Mitchell &
Windsor 1991)
A. CURRENT STATUS AT ABNC
Armand Bayou is a meandering estuarine stream some thirteen miles in length, emptying through a
narrow mouth into Clear Lake, a tertiary bay of the Galveston Bay system. Its watershed encompasses
63.5 square miles (40,647 acres) through urban and suburban development, NASA’s Johnson Space
Center and the Bayport petrochemical complex. Salinity is usually stratified and highly variable,
becoming increasingly fresh upstream. After large rainfall events, salinities may be depressed into the
fresh to weakly brackish range (0-5 ppt) through much of its length however, during dry summer
periods, salinity can reach 20 ppt. Myers (1995) divided the length of Armand Bayou into four zones,
based upon the physical and biological characteristics of the stream.
Taylor Bayou extends approximately four miles in length, approximately half of which lies within the
boundaries of ABNC. Like Armand Bayou, it empties into Clear Lake through a constricted mouth,
but also has a secondary connection at its head directly to Galveston Bay via a man-made channel to
the Bayport Shipping Terminal. Salinity is generally higher than that of Armand Bayou and remains
consistent through its length, suggesting that tidal influences are being introduced at both ends.
Armand and Taylor Bayous have changed drastically during the past three decades due to a number of
environmental impacts, including: subsidence, loss of wetlands, poor water quality and the expansion
of invasive exotic species.
1. Habitat Loss
The removal of groundwater in the area has resulted in the lowering of the elevation of the surface of
the land. Between 1906 and 1987, the land surface subsided as much as nine feet along the northern
perimeter of the watershed and 5 feet in the south (HGCSD, 1987). Subsidence on Armand and Taylor
Bayou has altered the historic drainage and tidal regimens, increased the expanse of open water, and
drowned their contiguous emergent wetlands. The lower portion of Armand Bayou has changed from a
wetland-bordered freshwater stream to a brackish tidal lake nearly devoid of wetlands. All of the 275
acres of wetlands present in 1956 have been lost; replacement wetlands, of a different nature, amount
to 24 acres. In addition, submerged grasses that once grew on the shallow bottoms have largely
disappeared. This loss of habitat has had an impact on biodiversity within Armand Bayou and Taylor
Bayou.
7
2. Water Quality
Armand Bayou is the receiving stream for a watershed of approximately 60 square miles. Storm water
from the cities of Pasadena, Houston, Deer Park and La Porte enter the waterway after major rainfalls,
contributing pollutants such as pesticides, fertilizers, metals and litter.
Armand Bayou is listed on the Clean Water Act Section 303D List for impaired water bodies due to
elevated bacteria levels and low dissolved oxygen levels (TNRCC, 2000). Summer months typically
include elevated populations of plankton and algae in the water column. Sewage treatment plants along
the bayou may contribute to the nutrient load and freshwater inflow. Armand Bayou is also notable for
its low oxygen caused by algae stimulated by eutrophication, or excess nutrients, though it is not
judged to contain excess nutrients (McFarlane 1991).
3. Exotic Species
There are a number of invasive and destructive exotic species in Armand Bayou. Several wetland
plants occur in fringe marsh areas and successfully out-compete native plant populations. Water
hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is of particular concern due to its high growth rate and free-floating
form. In addition to displacing native vegetation, water hyacinth may also impede navigation and
increase the loss of oxygen in the water column. Other invasive aquatic species present within the
bayou includes elephant ear, water lettuce and alligator weed. Additionally, there are exotic animal
species in Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve. Two of the species have created challenges in marsh
restoration efforts. Nutria and grass carp are herbivores that have a direct negative impact on
reintroduced marsh plantings. These species have mandated extensive efforts to construct exclosures
around restoration areas to prevent loss. Tilapia has also been reported although its impact has not yet
been determined
B. ARMAND BAYOU COASTAL PRESERVE
The lower portion of Armand Bayou, from Mud Lake to the upper limit of tidal influence (at
approximately stream mile 7.9), an area of about 300 acres, has been designated as the Armand Bayou
Coastal Preserve. Established through Federal and State actions pursuant to the Water Quality Act of
1987 and the Texas Legislature’s Unique Coastal Lands Declaration, the Coastal Preserve arose from
the desire to protect unique and fragile natural areas on coastal public lands. This designation affords
special protection by making Armand Bayou a state preserve and declaring it a state scientific area.
The Texas Coastal Preserve program is operated under an agreement between Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department (TPWD) and the Texas General Land Office (GLO). The GLO owns and
manages state owned submerged lands for Texas. Under the Coastal Preserve Program, TWPD leases
the preserves from the GLO. A management plan for the preserve has been adopted by both agencies.
ABNC is noted in the Plan as a cooperating entity. ABNC is an integral partner to TPWD in
implementing the management goals of the Coastal Preserve Management Plan. Agencies such as the
Railroad Commission of Texas, the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, The Texas Natural Resource
Conservation Commission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Texas Department of Health and many others,
retain independent authority over actions that could directly impact the coastal preserves – wither from
within or from outside the preserve boundary.
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C. RESTORATION MODEL
Recognizing that decades of human activity in and around the bayou have had significant ecological
and topological impacts, an historic restoration model for the bayou is unrealistic. Over 90% of the
historic emergent marsh has been destroyed due to subsidence and significant hydrological changes in
salinity. We can never restore the waterways to precolonized condition. The bayou does have an
opportunity for water quality improvement, marsh restoration, erosion control and exotic species
control. A preliminary environmental inventory has been completed (McFarland, 1991). In addition, a
review of the various agencies’ roles has also been undertaken (Mitchell & Windsor, 1991). A
management plan for the Coastal Preserve has been approved by TPWD and GLO (Sheffield et al.,
1996).
D. MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
Four management objectives have been identified for the restoration and preservation of the Armand
Bayou Coastal Preserve.
1. Facilitate Law Enforcement
In order to better preserve wildlife and the habitats that support them, heightened law enforcement
efforts are required. As described in the Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve Management Plan, Texas
Parks and Wildlife Game Wardens are the designated enforcement entity for such matters. TPWD
wardens may also enforce the no-gasoline-motor ordinance written by both the City of Pasadena and
Harris County. It is critical that this ordinance be enforce to minimize the wildlife disturbances, soil
erosion and pollutants on the bayou.
2. Water Quality
Armand Bayou faces a number of water quality issues. As urban and industrial settings expand around
the borders of the preserve, these issues will undoubtedly increase. Both point and non-point sources
of pollution need to be addressed.
3. Exotic Species
As with all landscapes on the preserve suffers from a number of invasive non-native species. These
have the capacity to alter the hydrology of the bayou, displace native plant communities, degrade the
ecological values of the bayou and impede navigation. An exotic species management plan for
Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve has been developed and is currently being implemented.
4. Marsh Restoration
Significant marsh habitat has been lost due to the effects of subsidence. Between 1950 and 1980
elevations along the waterway have been altered by as much as nine feet. This drastic drop in
topography has destroyed over 90% of the original emergent wetlands along the bayou. Recognizing
the critical importance of these wetlands as habitat for finfish, invertebrates and waterfowl, wetland
restoration effort is a high priority restoration action.
E. STRATEGIES AND PRESCRIPTIONS
1. Water Quality
Armand Bayou has several growing water quality issues including nutrient loading, hypoxia and storm
water debris. Nutrient loading and hypoxia are interconnected problems. It is suspected that nutrients
enter the waterway by non-point sources such as storm water from urban lawns and golf courses. This
storm water carries excess fertilizer into the bayou. Additionally, wastewater effluent contains nitrates
and phosphates found in laundry detergent. The large amounts of available nutrients fuel an explosion
of algae and plankton populations in the bayou. These diurnal populations peak during the daylight
9
hours and crash during nightfall creating a daily cycle of oxygen saturation and depletion. A public
watershed education campaign could help minimize overuse of fertilizer in the watershed. Additional
watershed partners, including TPWD and TNRCC, may further initiate studies and implement
programs to improve degraded water quality conditions in the bayou. ABNC can participate by
serving as a liaison with the local community and communicating to the public via volunteers and
through the education program.
2. Marsh Restoration
Marsh restoration efforts began on Armand Bayou in 1993. Since that time significant areas of both
fringe marsh and larger scale marsh have been created. Fringe marsh restoration may be achieved by
identifying a restoration site with appropriate intertidal elevation, installing protective fencing to
exclude herbivory and planting appropriate vegetation. Plant species have historically included
smooth cordgrass and California bulrush. Larger scale marsh restoration projects have been
accomplished by utilizing dredged sediments. These sediments are placed in areas in the bayou to
create appropriate water depth to support intertidal marsh vegetation. After sediments have
consolidated, the area is surrounded by protective marsh fencing and planted with appropriate
vegetation. To date, only one such dredge project, totaling just over six acres, has been attempted on
the bayou. This project has been highly successful due in large part to the assembly of the interagency
task force that was created to oversee the project. In addition to creating valuable habitat, marsh
creation is also an effective tool to minimize the effects of erosion.
3. Exotic Species Control
Exotic species that threaten the Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve include alligator weed, water lettuce,
elephant ear and water hyacinth. Of these species, water hyacinth currently poses the single greatest
threat to the ecology of the Coastal Preserve. In 1997 ABNC received funding from the Galveston Bay
Estuary Program to develop an exotic species management plan for the Armand Bayou Coastal
Preserve. Additional funding from this grant exists in a restricted account for the long-term
management of invasive exotic plant species on the bayou. The plan calls for ABNC to monitor
invasive plant populations and organize public meetings regarding invasive plant species. ABNC will
coordinate with TPWD to implement control strategies. TPWD personnel recommend the application
of the herbicide 2,4-D amine. For further details, see Exotic Species Management Plan for Armand
Bayou Coastal Preserve, Appendix B.
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3. MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST
A. CURRENT STATUS AT ABNC
Armand Bayou Nature Center manages approximately 1100 acres of
Consider the life of trees.
riparian forest bordering along Armand and Taylor Bayous. The
Aside from the axe, what trees
acquire
from
man
is canopy of the forest is dominated by hardwood species, primarily oak
inconsiderable. What man and elm. This riparian oak/elm forest is at a climax stage of plant
may acquire from the trees is
succession.
Dominant understory species include yaupon and
immeasurable. From their
arrowwood vibernum. Unlike bottomland hardwood forests, the ABNC
mute forms there flows a
forest is considered a coastal flatwoods. Whereas overbank flooding
poise, in silence; a lovely
inundates bottomland hardwoods, coastal flatwoods are flooded by
sound and motion in response
precipitation and slow runoff. The forest is typically flooded with
to wind. What peace comes to
winter
rainfall for five to six months of the year. Numerous
those aware of the voice and
depressional areas in the forest serve to retain rainwater, minimize
bearing of trees!
downstream flooding, improve water quality and provide habitat to
many species of wildlife. Mast production attracts a wide variety of
Cedric Wright
wildlife into the forest. Acorns and other forest fruits attract an
abundance of resident and migratory birds that depend upon the forest
for resting, feeding and breeding habitat.
B. CLIMAX FOREST CRITERIA
Urbanization and logging have virtually eliminated all relict tracts of unaltered coastal flatwoods in the
Houston area. No model of forest restoration has been developed.
C. MAINTENANCE STRATEGY
Unlike fire dependant grassland systems, forests are efficient in nutrient cycling and typically need far
less active management.
Objective 1: Control Exotic Species
The Chinese tallow tree is the single most invasive species in ABNC forests. This tree quickly
colonizes wet areas and forest edges and out-competes most native species. Windstorms and
hurricanes often fell canopy hardwoods, creating openings that encourage tallow invasion. In forested
landscapes chemical application is the tool of choice for tallow control. Basel and cut stump
application are the preferred application methods, allowing for a high degree of accuracy with minimal
impact to non-target species. Other invasive forest plant species include Chinese privet, Japanese
honeysuckle and trifoliate orange. The overall impacts from these species are minimal compared to
those of the Chinese tallow.
Objective 2: Reintroduce Native Climax Forest Vegetation
The historic species mix is unknown in coastal flatwoods. It is believed that many historic species may
be absent from the ecosystem. A turn-of-the-century sawmill is located on the preserve and is likely
responsible for the removal of commercially valuable species. Select species could be harvested from
areas slated for development or purchased from local nurseries.
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Objective 3: Wildlife Monitoring
Certain wildlife species have the capacity to create severe adverse impacts on the plant community.
White-tailed deer populations may pose a threat to certain plant species in the forest. To better qualify
these impacts, deer exclosures and plant vegetation transect lines will be established in the forest
settings. Deer monitoring efforts will include spotlight counts, herd composition surveys and habitat
impact studies. ABNC Stewardship Volunteers will assist with scheduled surveys. Spotlight surveys
will be scheduled during dry months to allow vehicle access to transect lines. Months targeted for
spotlight surveys are June, July, August, September, and October. For more information, see the deer
census book located in the stewardship office.
Objective 4: Forest Health Assessment
In order to track the state of the ABNC forested tracts, a forest health assessment study should be
implemented. This assessment should include the species composition, canopy density, understory and
herbaceous community, age-structure, regeneration and basal area. This data will be compared to
reference that are considered to be healthy.
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4. COASTAL TALLGRASS PRAIRIE
O SWEET IRRATIONAL
WORSHIP
Wind and a bobwhite
And the afternoon sun.
By ceasing to question the sun
I have become light,
Bird and wind.
My leaves sing.
I am earth, earth.
All these lighted things
Grow from my heart.
A tall spare pine
Stands like initial of my first
Name when I had one.
When I had a spirit,
When I was on fire
When this valley was
Made out of fresh air
You spoke my name
In naming your silence:
O sweet, irrational worship.
I am earth, earth.
My heart’s love
Bursts with hay and f lowers.
I am a lake of blue air
In which my own appointed
place
Field and valley
Stand reflected.
I am earth, earth
Out of my grass heart
Rises the bobwhite
Out of my nameless weeds
His foolish worship.
The coastal tallgrass prairie, which extends along the coastal plain of
south-central Texas and southwestern Louisiana, represents the
southernmost extension of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Once
covering at least 9 million acres (See Map 3), today more than 99% of
this important habitat has been lost to agriculture, range improvement
and urbanization. The remainder is highly fragmented and severely
threatened by exotic species and development. The coastal tallgrass
prairie ecosystem is currently listed as “imperiled globally” by The
Nature Conservancy and the Texas Natural Heritage Program. The
World Wildlife Fund lists the conservation status as “critical” (Ricketts
1999).
A. CURRENT STATUS AT ABNC
Armand Bayou Nature Center preserves one of the most extensive
holdings of coastal tallgrass prairie in the lower Galveston Bay
watershed. Currently, 645 acres are actively managed, about 70% of
the long-range goal of 900 acres within the current boundaries.
All of the prairies at ABNC have been altered to some degree, initially
by cattle grazing and agriculture. The greatest impact however has
been the result of the recent expansion of the Chinese tallow tree
(Sapium sebiferum), which can grow into a closed canopy forest and
severely limit native prairie plant diversity. Significant restoration
activities at ABNC have begun to reduce the acreage impacted by this
invasive species and has also led to an increase in management
activities to maintain their condition.
The land preserved within ABNC includes four main tracts: Armand
West, Armand East, Taylor West and Taylor East. Each of these tracts
is divided into management units (Maps 4a ,b & c). The current system
was based on the original grazing cells set up in 1994 and subsequently
expanded to incorporate newly restored areas. In this report, the
management units are expanded to include all prairie areas, regardless
Thomas Merton
of current condition. The size of each unit is limited by the maximum
acreage authorized (by Harris County Pollution Control) to be burned
at one time. Current restoration status, future goals and management prescriptions with timetables are
shown in Table 1 (page 32).
B. CLIMAX PRAIRIE CRITERIA
For the Houston region, four species of grasses are considered to be the primary indicators of a climax
prairie: Eastern Gamma Grass (Tripsacum dactyloides), Indian Grass (Sorghastrum nutans), Little
Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and Switchgrass (Panicum virginiana). A climax prairie also
maintains a maximum level of species diversity, due in part to minor changes in soil and hydrology as
well as occasional disturbances such as grazing and fire. Ultimately, restoration activities are intended
13
to bring each unit to its natural stable condition, from which point routine management activities can
be utilized to maintain their ongoing viability.
C. PRAIRIE MODEL
Approximately 1% of the historic tallgrass prairie remains. A restoration model must be made from
the few local relict tracts available. The best local example of an historic prairie is found near the
headwaters of Armand Bayou located off Spencer Highway in Pasadena. The site is slated for
development in spring of 2002, thus photo documentation of plant species needs to be made as quickly
as possible. Additionally, plant relocation efforts should focus on salvaging several species of rare
plants. These plants will be installed along the ABNC Prairie Trail to benefit public appreciation of
this living museum. This relatively small site (approximately 30 acres) hosts examples of climax
prairie plant assemblages of the Armand Bayou watershed. These unique climax species, including
American aloe (Manfreda virginica) spartina pectinata, sedge (cyperus cephalanthus) and rattlesnake
master (Eryngium yuccifolium) confirm the area is indeed a relict climax prairie. The site’s surface
coverage is dominated by Eastern gamma grass, big bluestem, switchgrass and Indian grass, further
indication of climax prairie. A complete list of the site is attached as Appendix E. and may be
referenced for future restoration activities. The restoration model at ABNC will mimic these
remaining climax tracts, recognizing that these climax species were likely the dominant species in
historic time. Prairie management efforts will target the control of highly competitive plant species
and promote the expansion of desirable climax species.
D. RESTORATION STRATEGY
Bringing the ABNC prairies from tallow tree forests to grasslands requires several stages. An
integrated strategy using herbicidal removal and plant reintroduction has proven effective.
Stage 1: Unrestored Prairie, Dominated by Dense Stands of Chinese Tallow Trees
No management activities are undertaken within these areas.
Stage 2: Apply Herbicide to Tallow Trees
Restoration begins by attempting to kill the tallow trees through the application of cut-stump, foliar or
basal application of herbicide. Applications are accomplished during the growing season, when the
systemic chemical can be absorbed by the tree for maximum effectiveness.
Stage 3: Remove Standing Tallow Trees
One or two years after the application of the herbicide, the standing trees are removed by manual or
mechanical methods such as mechanized chipping equipment. All stumps are to be taken down to
ground level and large logs removed to limit future damage to mowing equipment later.
Stage 4: Reintroduce Native Climax Prairie Plants
Planting additional climax species will augment natural recruitment of native plant species. The
majority of these new plants will be salvaged from nearby areas slated for development or propagated
at the ABNC. To ensure that genotypes are adapted to regional conditions, introduced plants will be
obtained from local sources whenever possible. Once prairies begin to mature, they will become a
valuable source for local genotype seeds for use in other ABNC restoration projects.
Stage 5: Restored Prairie, Requiring Regular Maintenance
Following woody plant removal and the reintroduction of native plant species, the prairie will be
maintained by a combination of shredding, haying and prescribed burning to suppress the invasion of
woody species and promote diversity of climax plant species. These strategies will be employed on a
one to three year frequency in each prairie management unit. This frequency may be modified as the
14
database expands and the understanding of the plant community response to management methods is
better understood. For further details, see Table 1.
E. MAINTENANCE STRATEGY
Once restoration is completed within a management unit, regular maintenance will be required on an
on-going basis. Maintenance efforts focus on the following objectives:
Objective 1: Control Exotic Species
Chinese tallow trees will never be entirely eradicated from the ABNC; however, this species can be
controlled with regular maintenance. Mowing and controlled burns will limit growth of young trees,
but some areas may require occasional spot treatment with herbicide. In addition, other exotic invasive
plants are present within the prairies at ABNC, including Vassey Grass (Paspalum urvillei), Jerusalem
Thorn (Parkisonia aculeate), McCartney Rose (Rose braeteata), Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera
japonica), Bermuda Grass (Cynodan dactylon) and Brazilian Vervain (Verbena brasiliensis). Though
having less impact than Chinese tallow trees, developing strategies for their control is an additional
research need.
Objective 2: Control Native Woody Vegetation
When grazing ceased on the ABNC prairies, the most obvious change in the plant community structure
was expansion of native shrubs, primarily Baccharis, wax myrtle and persimmon. Without active
management, the majority of the grassland became infested with brush while prairie climax grasses
began to decrease, replaced by subclimax grasses and forbs. The introduction of burning and mowing
regimes has proven effective in controlling brush, maintaining the delicate balance between woody
species and prairie grasses.
Objective 3: Introduce Disturbances to Encourage Diversity
Prairies are adapted to enduring occasional natural disturbances in their environment, resulting in an
ecosystem with diverse plant and animal communities. The use of fire and mowing, in addition to
controlling woody vegetation, contributes these needed disturbances. The frequency and type of
disturbances have been outlined in Table 1. Several of these prairie management units are areas that
have recently been recovered from Chinese tallow domination, contain a significant amount of
invasive woody species and require the frequent use of prescribed fire. Other units are located near
smoke sensitive receptors such as homes or roadways and have been targeted as mow units. Other
units (E1 – E10) are research areas where ABNC is collecting data relating to specific management
strategies. The data collected from these research areas will be used to direct future scheduling of
disturbance frequencies and type.
Objective 4: Reintroduce Native Climax Prairie Plants
A component to restoration management is the introduction of native forbs and grasses. Due to
grazing impacts from past management activities, species may be missing from large portions of the
prairie. Introducing these species to ABNC prairies will provide sources for future prairie restoration
efforts as well as promote coastal prairie plant diversity.
F. MONITORING
Monitoring vegetative responses and habitat change is critical for making proper land management
decisions. Based on the prairie management objectives outlined above, the following monitoring
systems will be employed regularly and results recorded. All documents will be kept in the stewardship
office permanent records.
15
1. Photo Points
At least one permanent photo point will be established within each management unit. A digital image
from each point will be taken twice per year, during the month of May and September.
2. Vegetation Transects
Eleven management units of the Armand East Tract are currently being mowed or burned with specific
frequencies (Table 1) in an effort to better understand how management techniques affect prairie plant
communities. Twenty-eight vegetation transect lines have been established within these units to gather
data on plant responses. These transects will be run twice per year, during the months of May and
November, to record the presence or absence of 36 indicator species (see protocol Appendix C).
3. Field Log Books
Each stewardship staff will routinely maintain a field log book in which they record general comments
relating to their observations of the prairie plant and animal communities. Notes may record unusual
occurrences, natural disturbances, weather or other changes observed while conducting routine
maintenance activities. These log books will be kept in the stewardship office.
4. Chinese Tallow Control Plot
Management Unit E14 (four acres) has been retained as a control plot of mature Chinese Tallow trees
for ongoing research on the impact of this species upon native prairies. This plot may also be used for
educational purposes. The size of the plot will be reduced to one acre to reduce the seed source and
minimize a visual barrier of the prairie. No restoration or prairie management will occur within this
unit.
5. Transplant Survival Rates
A sample of each major transplanting of reintroduced native climax prairie plants will be tagged and
monitored for one year, to determine survivability rates. Method of transplanting, date transplanted and
location will be recorded in the field logbooks.
6. Research Studies
ABNC will encourage research studies from universities by providing access and support research
activities that evaluate management methods as well as ecological principles.
16
5. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
Love animals. God has
given them the rudiments of
thought and joy untroubled.
Do not trouble their
happiness, don’t work
against God’s intent .Man,
do not pride yourself on
superiority to animals; they
are without sin, and you,
with your greatness, defile
earth by your presence on
it, and leave the traces of
your foulness after you –
alas, it is true of almost
every one of us.
Fydor Dostoyevsky
It is becoming increasingly important to manage certain native and nonnative animal species in the Preserve. The dietary habits and behavior
of some have an adverse effect on plant and animal communities. Other
species populations have been lost to the preserve and reintroduction
programs need to be implemented.
A. RESIDENT SPECIES
1. White-tailed Deer
Deer are one of the largest animals on the preserve. According to TPWD
formula of one deer per 15 acres, the preserve should support a deer
population of about 160-170 animals. Populations are currently much
higher, with estimates of over 450 animals ranging on the acreage
contiguous with Armand Bayou. This population level has created
severe habitat impacts, most notably to the plant community. Repeated
grazing from a herd this size places constant pressure on specific plant
species, creating noticeable browse lines, topiary plant formations and
eradicating certain plant species. Over time, plant diversity is being
minimized, thus lowering habitat value for all species.
Currently there are four potential deer management options available to ABNC for the control of deer
populations. They include contraception, relocation, regulated in-house harvest and no human
intervention. Each method has associated benefits and liabilities. Relocation efforts were conducted in
2000 with minimal success. Relocation could potentially produce better results with more trapping
days, volunteer involvement and more traps.
The Stewardship Committee recommends that the following steps be taken to begin addressing the
overpopulation of white-tailed deer at ABNC and their consequent habitat damage:
1. Allow trapping and relocation of deer by authorized parties whenever possible.
2. Begin education of the membership, volunteers and community regarding deer population
issues and habitat impacts.
3. Establish partnerships with other agencies, organizations and local landowners to assist in the
education efforts.
4. Continue research on population trends, habitat impacts and management options.
5. Investigate forest restoration options.
6. Forgo all lethal methods of deer control at this time.
1. Predator Base
Large predators play an important role in managing wildlife populations. ABNC has several such
animals, including coyote, bobcat, and alligator, that have such an impact. A monitoring protocol and
methodology should be established and implemented to understand the predator-prey relationship and
the impact on the deer population.
17
2. Feral Hogs
These large mammals were once domestic pigs that have escaped captivity and are free ranging on the
preserve. Often reaching weights of 300 pounds, they have far-reaching impacts on the preserve.
They have the ability to produce large numbers of offspring and reproduce several times a year. Large
fields are uprooted or “tilled” by these animals, devastating grasslands and wooded areas. Feral hogs
are also known to feed on reptiles, amphibians and ground nesting birds and their eggs. Successful
trapping and removal efforts have virtually eradicated the species from the preserve but continued
monitoring of ground conditions for signs of the animal is essential to manage populations should they
reappear. It is critical to remove all animals before reproduction and dispersion of the species
reestablishes a presence on the property.
3. Feral Cats
Domestic housecats are often dumped or escape captivity to roam on the preserve. There is
overwhelming evidence that predation from domestic and feral cats is a significant factor in the decline
of songbirds and small mammal populations in Texas and the rest of the country. California’s Point
Reyes Bird Observatory newsletter reported that there are approximately 55 million feral and domestic
cats in the US and, based on a very conservative daily kill ratio, calculated that these cats kill 4.4
million birds DAILY. That is 1.6 BILLION birds per year. (Audubon Magazine, Nov.- Dec. 1995).
Houston area Texas Wildlife Rehabilitation Coalition estimates that approximately 11% of the 35,000
injured or orphaned birds seen in 1995 were the victims of cat attacks. Further monitoring and control
efforts are warranted to determine impacts to ABNC wildlife.
4. Fire Ants
This South American native first appeared in Mobile, Alabama in 1918. Since its introduction, it has
spread quickly, now infesting approximately 26 million acres in 11 states. The species is aggressive
and has a painful sting. Fire ants will kill other insect species in the area, including other ants. They
also prey on numerous species of vertebrates including reptiles, amphibians and nesting ground birds.
Fire ants reproduce quickly to form new colonies and are very difficult to control. Even when
eradication is successful in an area, it is likely to be quickly re-colonized unless ongoing control efforts
continue. Further monitoring and control efforts are warranted to determine the impact to ABNC
wildlife.
5. Nutria
Nutria are members of the rodent family that originate in South America. This large aquatic rat was
introduced to the Gulf Coast on Louisiana’s Avery Island as a potential furbearer. Nutria reach sexual
maturity at three to six months of age and may have up to three litters per year. Litters consist of four
to five offspring who begin eating vegetation within hours of birth.
Nutria are responsible for considerable damage to wetland vegetation along Armand Bayou and are
damaging to marsh restoration efforts along the Gulf Coast. In 1991, the US population was estimated
at more than 10 million. So far, efforts to reduce nutria populations through bounties, fur cooperatives
and meat marketing have been largely unsuccessful.
6. Grass Carp
The grass carp, sometimes called the white amur, was introduced to the US in 1963 by the US Fish and
Wildlife Service as a biological control for invasive aquatic vegetation. It is a native to eastern China
and the former Soviet Union. Grass carp are the largest member of the minnow family, typically
reaching weights of 60 pounds, although fish reaching weights of 400 pounds have been confirmed.
They have a voracious appetite and at peak feeding seasons a grass carp will consume 300% of its
18
body weight per day. The fish are responsible for wide-scale marsh destruction and habitat
modification in the Galveston Bay system. Monitoring grass carp populations is difficult and there are
no known successful control methods for this species.
B. NATIVE SPECIES RE-INTRODUCTION
1. Eastern Woodland Turkey
In 1994, sixteen Eastern Woodland Turkeys were released onto the preserve through a cooperative
effort with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the National Wild Turkey Federation. The
birds have been sighted regularly and there is evidence of successful reproduction. Early summer
firebreak mowing near the woodland edges facilitates easy migration routes for the young birds.
Further monitoring of the species is warranted.
2. Northern Bobwhite
Bobwhite, also known as bobwhite quail, once populated the grasslands and forest edges of ABNC.
Bobwhite were sighted on the Taylor Lake property in 1998, but have not been sighted along Armand
Bayou for many years. It is suspected that several factors have contributed to the loss of bobwhite on
the preserve. A lack of migration routes through dense prairie vegetation and high predator
populations may contribute to declined quail populations. Bobwhite predators include raptors,
raccoons, opossum, skunks, feral cats, bobcat, fox, coyotes, snakes and cotton rats. All theses species
are present on the preserve. The predicament of managing the bobwhite may include managing
predator populations as well. As conservationist Aldo Leopold noted, “If a habitat can’t support game
in spite of predators, it simply isn’t good game habitat.” Further research is needed to determine the
feasibility of bobwhite re-introduction at ABNC.
C. WILDLIFE FEEDING
The routine feeding of wildlife (other than at bird feeders) creates problems for both the wildlife and
humans involved. It can alter normal wildlife behaviors, cause disease and death to certain wildlife
species and encourages wildlife into close proximity to humans, creating adverse or dangerous
situations. Visitors will be informed that wildlife feeding is prohibited.
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6. CULTURAL RESOURCES
We who have lost our sense
and our senses – our touch,
our smell, our vision of who
we are; we who frantically
force and press all things,
without rest for body or spirit,
hurting our earth and
injuring ourselves: we call a
halt.
We want rest. We need to rest
and allow the earth to rest.
We need to reflect and to
rediscover the mystery that
lives in us, that is the ground
of every unique expression of
life, the source of the
fascination that calls all
things to communion.
We declare a Sabbath, a space
of quiet: for simply being and
letting be, for recovering the
great, forgotten truths; for
learning how to live again.
U.N. Environmental Sabbath
Program
In addition to managing the natural resources at ABNC, the
Stewardship Department is also responsible for preserving all
known archeological sites on the property. This includes properly
documenting sites and features in an effort to minimize impact that
might be produced by trails, buildings, roads or erosion. These sites
may also provide educational opportunities where appropriate.
Interest in archeology of the area began with the extensive field
surveys conducted by the Houston Archeological Society in the late
1960’s. Ultimately, the concentration of prehistoric and historic
sites found along Armand Bayou was designated as the Armand
Bayou Archeological District on the National Park Services’
National Register of Historic Places. Currently, twenty-three sites
or features are currently identified within the boundaries of ABNC.
A. PREHISTORIC SITES
C. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Conduct additional surveying and research.
While a preliminary archeological survey was conducted for the
purpose of this report, a more detailed examination of the preserve is
warranted. Further investigations will, no doubt, locate additional
prehistoric and historic sites. Additional historical research will also
provide context for known sites and provide hints for other possible
farm sites thought to be on the property. This additional work could
form the nucleus of a more extensive Cultural Resource Report for
Armand Bayou Nature Center.
2. Record all sites on GIS
Each archeological site should be located with a Global Positioning System and entered into the
ABNC Geographical Information System.
3. Add Educational Components
Students from the University of Houston – Clear Lake archeology department are an excellent resource
for conducting additional surveys. In addition, some components could be completed by youth as part
of class or merit badge workshops. Interpretative signage, where appropriate, would help inform
visitors of historical significance of archeological sites.
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7. MANAGEMENT TOOLS
“If
the land mechanisms as a
whole is good, then every part
of it is good, whether we
understand it or not. If the
biota, in the course of eons,
has built something we do not
understand, then who but a
fool would discard seemingly
useful parts? To keep every
cog and wheel is the first
precaution
of
intelligent
tinkering.”
The protection of Armand Bayou involves a broad array of pertinent
entities and the surrounding community.
PLANNING ZONES
The purpose of designating management planning zones is to help
preserve the habitats that are under our care and to clarify land use
practices on the preserve. As described in the ABNC Master Plan,
three separate planning zones have been identified (see Map 1 for
details). These include the Core Area, Class II Preserve and Class I
Preserve.
Core Area
This zone is identified as having the most human presence and impact.
Approximately 30 acres surrounding the Admissions Building,
Education Building, Greenhouse and Farm Area are identified as the Core Area.
Aldo Leopold
Class II Preserve
Class II Preserve area is identified as an area that will have minimal human impact. This zone of
approximately 160 acres includes the trail systems that run through the forest and prairie. The
Karankawa Trail, Martyn Trail, Martyn Trail Viewing Platform, Marsh Trail, Lady Bird Trail and
Prairie Viewing Platform are included in this planning zone.
Class I Preserve
This area is designated as a managed wilderness area. Human access is restricted in these areas to
promote usage by wildlife species that require wild lands. No trails, roads or human impacts will
occur on Class I Preserve. This 2250-acre zone includes portions of the East Bank, all of the West
Bank and Taylor Lake Preserves.
A. PRIORITY RANKING OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
The goal of restoration activities is to return ABNC landscapes to as close to historic condition as
possible. Since a reliable historic model is not available, restoration data must come from fragmented
sites. Numerous environmental changes have occurred during the past century that have altered our
environment. Many of these changes are the direct or indirect result of human activity and these
activities have resulted in both the loss of species and the removal of essential ecological processes
from the preserve. All ecosystem management activities will focus on replicating or mimicking those
historic processes and species diversity on the property. The following is a priority ranking of
management needs.
1. Control of Invasive Exotic Species
There is no single greater threat to the sustainability of the diverse species mix at ABNC than invasive
exotic species. This threat exists in every major ecosystem under our care. An ongoing control
program is essential to successful management of invasive species.
21
2. Habitat Restoration
ABNC plant communities have been altered dramatically due to human land use practices.
Agriculture, grazing practices, chemical use and aquifer depletion have left lasting impacts on the plant
communities of the preserve. The introduction of critical ecological processes, such as fire, is essential
to the restoration process. The re-introduction of important, yet locally rare, plant species also plays an
important role in reaching a climax historic landscape.
3. Wildlife Management
Management of certain wildlife species is critical to maintaining healthy plant communities and
habitats. Monitoring and management of these species will lower adverse impacts on the landscape
and increase species diversity and richness within the preserve. Both native and non-native wildlife
species are included in the priority list of species to be monitored and managed.
4. Freshwater Pond Management
Five freshwater ponds are located on ABNC property. These ponds may best be described as primarily
open water habitat with emergent shoreline vegetation along the margins. These ponds provide unique
high quality habitat for fishes, waterfowl, wading birds and amphibians. Pond management efforts
will include invasive plant species management, fishery management and waterfowl nest box
installation.
5. Monitoring
Monitoring efforts are essential to fine-tune management activities. Monitoring efforts will enable the
Stewardship Department to quantify results of management practices and determine the best methods
for restoration and wildlife management.
6. Natural Resource Inventory
A comprehensive natural resource inventory will be developed and will include all flora, fauna and
cultural resources on the preserve. For further details, see Appendix A.
B. EQUIPMENT NEEDS
Several stewardship items are needed to ensure proper management and record keeping.
1. GPS – estimated cost $150 - $300
A global positioning system is needed to aid in mapping and recording stewardship practices and
locations of unique resources within the preserve.
2. Digital Camera – estimated cost $300
A digital camera is needed to document stewardship practices and landscape change over time.
3. Four Wheel Drive ATV – estimated cost $8000-$9000
A second four-wheel drive ATV is needed to conduct prescribed prairie burns. Most burns are
conducted during the winter wet season and an all-wheel-drive vehicle is essential to safe operation on
the fire line.
4. Briggs & Stratton Spray Trailer Pump Motor 3 ½ HP 6:1 reduction - estimated cost $270 $475
Reliable equipment is critical for safe operation on the fire line. This new unit will replace an eightyear-old engine, which has reached the end of its dependable work span.
22
5. Yamaha 25HP Outboard Motor - estimated cost electronic start $3342/ manual start $2882
This engine is used to power the 15’ aluminum johnboat. The existing engine has reached the end of
its reliable life span and needs to be replaced. The boat and motor are used for restoration work as
well as a tow boat for the Bayou Ranger.
C. FUNDING
High quality projects require funding. Historically, such funding has been difficult to acquire. ABNC
has depended on a diverse array of funding sources to meet management challenges. Some of these
funding sources include grant monies, mitigation projects, corporate donations and line item budgeted
funds. The Stewardship Department will coordinate with the Development Director and the
Stewardship Committee on all funding acquisition efforts.
D. ABNC VOLUNTEERS
ABNC stewardship activities are dependent on a well-trained and dedicated group of volunteers. These
volunteers enable a one-man Stewardship Department to successfully implement a large management
program.
Marsh restorations, prescribed burn operations, vegetative transect monitoring and bird surveys are
only a few of the activities that are volunteer dependant. The Stewardship Department will conduct
regular training sessions including prescribed burn training, prairie plant identification, forest plant
identification and marsh restoration training.
Volunteer participation in management activities occurs regularly on the first and third Saturday of
each month (Stewardship Saturday) and every Friday (Prairie Friday). Other projects are coordinated
by the Stewardship Coordinator as needed.
E. ABNC STEWARDSHIP COMMITTEE
This group is primarily responsible for reviewing and recommending policies for the protection,
enhancement and management of ABNC natural resources. The Stewardship Committee includes
members of the Board of Trustees as well as other experts and interested individuals. This committee
is responsible for establishing the management strategies and techniques to be utilized, reviewing all
proposed mitigation projects and monitoring progress of stewardship activities. Currently,
Stewardship Committee members meet on a bi-monthly basis to discuss priority stewardship issues.
23
8. CONSERVATION TOOLS
“…the earth is our mother.
Whatever befalls the earth
befalls the sons of the earth.
This we know. The earth
does not belong to man; man
belongs to the earth. This we
know. All things are connected
like the blood which unites one
family. All things are
connected. Whatever befalls
the earth befalls the sons of
earth. Man did not weave the
web of life; he is merely a
strand in it. Whatever he does
to the web, he does to himself.”
A. VANISHING LANDSCAPES
The Armand Bayou/Taylor Bayou watersheds are in the final stages
of complete build out. The expansion of neighboring industry and
suburbs threatens to leave ABNC as the only remaining sanctuary for
wildlife. The time window to identify priority conservation areas
within the region is very small. As this window closes, the last
opportunity to conserve this natural heritage will be gone forever.
Today, lands adjacent to the southern portion of the Armand Bayou
Coastal Preserve are managed by the Nature Center and are afforded
some measure of protection. In contrast, the natural areas adjacent to
the upper portion are managed by a variety of entities, including
ExxonMobil, State of Texas, Harris County and the City of Pasadena.
No cooperative long-term plan has been developed with these entities
to help preserve some portion of these valuable natural areas, a
critical goal for the long-term conservation of the Coastal Preserve.
Chief Seattle
B. PARTNERS FOR CONSERVATION
Management and preservation practices at ABNC have relied on strong partnerships for success.
These partnerships will become increasingly critical to ensure the long-term preservation in the
Armand Bayou/Taylor Bayou watersheds. Conservation projects will occur outside the current ABNC
boundaries. Partnership possibilities may include working with adjacent property owners to recognize
the importance of conserving the remaining habitat and wildlands. ABNC will assist in developing
management plans and long-term preservation strategies. Other partnership possibilities could include
partnering for grant applications with governmental agencies. These grant funds would be directed
toward purchasing properties for future preservation/restoration projects. ABNC will also work to
facilitate conservation easements throughout the region. Conservation easements may prove an
effective method of preserving critical habitat when ABNC has no desire to include parcels of property
within the preserve. The Legacy Land Trust and The Bayou Preservation Association are two potential
partners for promoting conservation easements in the area.
C. MITIGATION
Habitat mitigation has proven to be an effective method to meet restoration goals at ABNC. Habitat
mitigation or compensation can be an effective tool to conserve additional habitats. Large
development projects may require significant mitigation, which could be used to purchase/preserve
additional habitat. These preservation areas could be defined as conservation easements or could be
added to ABNC’s current acreage. To date all mitigation projects have been successfully accomplished
with the use of environmental consultants. The consultant has worked closely with ABNC staff to
develop and implement a restoration plan. The consultant assumes all responsibility for the success of
the project.
24
In-Lieu-Fee Mitigation (ILF)
1. Type I ILF Mitigation
This type of ILF mitigation will include cases where the Corps of Engineers has determined an
appropriate mitigation plan for project impacts at the time of permit issuance. The plan may include
the purchase of property and will have a well-defined and funded wetland restoration plan for the
property. The ILF Operator (ABNC) must be is willing to complete the mitigation as defined in the
permit plans and will assume all responsibility for the success of the plan.
2. Type II ILF Mitigation
Type II ILF projects are still in the formative stages in the Galveston Corps District. These projects
differ from Type I projects in that the mitigation funding received by the ILF Operator (ABNC) may
be directed to purchase additional habitats in the Armand Bayou area for long-term preservation. The
area will be targeted for wetland enhancement projects by the Operator in the future. Details of the
mitigation will not be as well defined at the time of permit issuance as Type I projects. The ILF
Operator will be responsible for the success of the project.
25
9. PUBLIC EDUCATION
Do not try to satisfy your vanity
by teaching a great many things.
Awaken people’s curiosity. It is
enough to open minds; do not
overload them. Put there just a
spark. If there is some good
inflammable stuff, it will catch
fire.
Armand Bayou Nature Center is an island ecosystem surrounded by
a growing suburban and industrial community. It is critical that
ABNC cultivate positive communication and education with these
neighbors for the benefit of all parties. Many ecological concepts
and management practices are misunderstood by the public. The
control of invasive species, prescribed burns, and deer population
management are a few of the practices which need increased public
understanding.
Anatole France
The Stewardship Department will continue efforts to better enlighten our neighbors by:
•
Stewardship activity updates on the ABNC Website
•
Submitting articles to local publications
•
Giving presentations to local community groups and organizations
•
Submitting regular articles to Along the Bayou (ABNC member newsletter)
•
Providing guided tours on Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve
•
Coordinate with the ABNC Education Department on curriculum development
•
Participate in Armand Bayou Watershed Working Group
This is a diverse interagency stake holder group consisting of resource agencies,
nongovernmental organizations, local governments and citizens.
•
Organize an annual Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve Day
This event will encourage public participation in and enjoyment of our unique resource.
Proposed activities will include canoeing, pontoon boat tours, litter clean-up, ecological teachins, music and printed information for distribution.
26
27
Appendix A: Armand Bayou Nature Center
Flora and Fauna
33
PLANTS
COMMON NAME
GENUS/SPECIES
FAMILY
Alligator Weed
American Beauty-berry
American Elm
American Sycamore
Anglestem Beakrush
Antelope Horn
Arrowhead/Bulltongue
Arrowwood
Awnless bluestem
Baccharis/Sea Myrtle
Bahiagrass
Bald Cypress
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Callicarpa americana
Ulmus americana
Platanus occidentalis
Rhynchospora caduca
Asclepias viridis
Sagittaria lancifolia
Virbunum dentatum
Bothriochloa exaristata
Baccharis halimifolia
Paspalum notatum
Taxodium distichum
Amaranthaceae
Verbenaceae
Ulmaceae
Platanaceae
Cyperaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Alismataceae
Caprifoliaceae
Gramineae
Asteraceae
Gramineae
Taxodiaceae
Basket Flower
Basswood
Beaked Panicum
Bermuda Grass
Big Bluestem
Bigtop Lovegrass
Bitterweed
Black Hickory
Black Needlerush
Black Willow
Black-eyed Susan
Blue Sage
Blue Waterleaf
Blue-star
Bluets
Brasilian vervain
Broomsedge
Brownseed Paspalum
Bushy Aster
Bushy Bluestem
Butterfly Weed
Button-bush
Calico Aster
California Bulrush
Carolina Buckthorn
Carolina Buttercup
Carolina Cherry Laurel
Carolina Horse-nettle
Carolina Jessamine
Carolina Moonseed
Carolina Sedge
Carolina Wolfberry
Carpet Grass
Cat/Green Briar
Cedar Elm
Ceeping Spot-flower
Cherokee Sedge
COMMON NAME
Centauria americana
Tilia caroliniana
Panicum anceps
Cynodan dactylon
Andropogon gerardii
Eragrostis hirsuta
Helenium amarum
Carya texana
Juncus roemarianus
Salix nigra
Rudbeckia hirta
Salvia azurea
Hydrolea ovata
Amsonia glaberrima
Hedyotis nigricans
Verbena brasiliensis
Andropogon virginicus
Paspalum plicatulum
Aster dumosus
Andropogon glomeratus
Asclepias tuberosa
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Aster lateriflorus
Scirpus californicus
Rhamnus caroliniana
Ranunculus carolinianus
Prunus caroliniana
Solanum carolinense
Gelsemium sempervirens
Cocculus carolinus
Carex caroliniana
Lycium carolinianum
Axonopus affinis
Smilax bona-nox
Ulmus crassifolia
Spilanthes americana
Carex cherokeensis
GENUS/SPECIES
Asteraceae
Tiliaceae
Gramineae
Gramineae
Gramineae
Gramineae
Asteraceae
Juglandaceae
Juncaceae
Salicaceae
Asteraceae
Lamiacieae
Hydrophyllaceae
Apcynaceae
Rubiaceae
Verbenaceae
Gramineae
Gramineae
Asteraceae
Gramineae
Asclepiadaceae
Rosaceae
Asteraceae
Cyperaceae
Rhamnaceae
Ranunculaceae
Rosaceae
Solanaceae
Loganiaceae
Menispemaceae
Cyperaceae
Solanaceae
Gramineae
Liliaceae
Ulmaceae
Asteraceae
Cyperaceae
FAMILY
Cherrybark Oak
Chinese Privet
Chinese Tallow
Quercus falcata
Ligustrum sinense
Sapium sebiferum
Fagaceae
Oleaceae
Euphorbiaceae
34
Climbing Hempweed
Common Cattail
Common Fimbry
Common Goldenrod
Common Persimmon
Coral Bean
Creeping Seedbox
Curly-leaf Dock
Dallisgrass
Deciduous Holly; Possum-Haw
Deer Pea
Deer Pea Vetch
Dog Fennel
Downy Lobelia
Downy Milk-pea
Drummond Rattlebox
Duckweed
Dwarf Palmetto
Eastern Gama Grass
Ebony Speenwort
Elephant Ear
Elliott Lovegrass
Erect Dayfower
Euthamia
False Dandelion
False Garlic
False Jerusalem Cherry
Farkleberry
Fewflower Nutrush
Flattened Sedge
Florida Paspalum
Frank's Sedge
Fringe Tree
Fringed Sneezeweed
Frog Fruit
Frost Weed
Gayfeather/Blazing Star
Giant Ragweed
Globe Beakrush
Goldenrod
Grassy arrowroot/Duck Potato
Green Ash
Green Flatsedge
Green Wild Indigo
Gulf Coast Waterhemp
Gulf cordgrass
Gulf Muhly
Hairy Flowered Spiderwort
Hairy Ruellia
COMMON NAME
Mikania scandens
Tule espadilla
Fimbristylis pberula
Solidago candensis
Diospyros virginiana
Eythrina herbacea
Ludwigia glandulosa
Rumex crispus
Paspalum dilatatum
Ilex decidua
Vigna luteola
Vicia ludoviciana
Eupatorium capillifolium
Lobelia puberula
Galactia volubilis
Sesbania drummondii
Lemna polyrhiza
Sabal minor
Tripsacum dactyloides
Asplenium platyneurin
Colocasia esculenta
Eragrostis elliottii
Commelina erecta
Euthamia leptocephala
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus
Nothoscordum bivalve
Solanum capsicastrum
Vaccimium arboreum
Scleria pauciflora
Carex complanata
Paspalum floridanum
Carex Frankii
Chionanthus virginicus
Helenium drummondii
Phyla Sp.
Verbesnia virginica
Liatris pycnostachya
Ambrosia trifida
Rhynchospora globularis
Solidago altissima
Sagittaria graminea
Fraxinus pensylvanica
Cyperaceae virens
Baptisia spharocarpa
Amaranthus australis
Spartina spartinae
Muhlenbergia cappillaris
Tradescantia hirsutiflora
Ruellia humilis
GENUS/SPECIES
Asteraceae
Typhaceae
Cyperaceae
Asteraceae
Ebenaceae
Fabaceae
Onagraceae
Polygonaceae
Gramineae
Aquifoliaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Asteraceae
Campanulaceae
Leguminosae
Leguminosae
Lemnaceae
Palmae
Gramineae
Aspleniaceae
Araceae
Gramineae
Commelinaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Liliaceae
Solanaceae
Ericaceae
Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae
Gramineae
Cyperaceae
Oleaceae
Asteraceae
Verbenaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Cyperaceae
Asteraceae
Alismataceae
Oleaceae
Cyperaceae
Fabaceae
Amaranthaceae
Poaceae
Gramineae
Commelinaceae
Acanthaceae
FAMILY
Halberd-leaved Rose-mallow
Herbertia
Hercules Club/Tickle Tongue
Hogwort/Wooly Croton
Honey Locust
Horned Beakrush
Huisache
Hibiscus militaris
Herbertia lahue caerulea
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis
Croton capitatus
Gleditsia triacanthos
Rhynochospora corniculata
Acacia farnesiana
Malvaceae
Iridaceae
Rutaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Cyperaceae
Fabaceae
35
Indian Grass
Indian Plantain
Iva/High tide Bush
Japanese Honeysuckle
Japanese Privet
Johnson Grass
Knotroot Bristlegrass
Late Thoroughwort
Lead Plant
Leafy Three-square
Lemon Beebalm
Little Bluestem
Lizard-tail
Loblolly Pine
Long-leaf Pondweed
Longspike Tridens
Louisiana Dewberry
Lovegrass/Lace Grass
Low Aster
Lyre-leaf Sage
Marsh Bedstraw
Marsh Seedbox
Marshhay Cordgrass
Maximilian Sunflower
Maypop/Passionflower
Meadow Beauty
Meadow Pink
Missouri Ironweed
Mohr's Eupatorium
Monkey Grass
Muscadine Grape
Mustang Grape
Narrowleaf Seedbox
Narrow-leaf Sumpweed
Narrow-leafed Blue-eyed Grass
Needlerush
Niaiad
Nits-and-Lice
Noseburn
Osage Orange
Parsley Hawthorn
Partridge Pea
Pecan
Pepper-vine
Philadelhpia Fleabane
COMMON NAME
Sorghastrum nutans
Cacalia lancelolata
Iva frutescens
Lonicera japonica
Ligustrum japonica
Sorghum halepense
Seteria geniculata
Eupatorium serotinum
Amorph fruticosa
Scirpus robustus
Monarda citriodora
Schizachyrium scoparium
Saururus cernuus
Pinus taeda
Potamogenton nodosus
Tridens strictus
Rubus louisianus
Eragrostis capillaris
Helastrum henisphericum
Salvia lyrata
Galium tinctorium
Ludwigia palustris
Spartina patens
Helianthus maximiliani
Plassiflora incarnata
Rhexia mariana
Sabatia campestris
Vernonia missurica
Eupatorium mohrii
Ophiopogon japonicus
Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis candicans
Ludwigia lineraris
Iva angustifolia
Sisyrinchium angustifolium
Juncus effusus
Najas guadalupensis
Hypericum drummondii
Tragia bentonicifolia
Malclura pomifera
Crataegus marshallii
Cassia fasciculata
Carya illinoensis
Ampelopsis arborea
Erigeron philadelphicus
GENUS/SPECIES
Gramineae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Caprifoliaceae
Oleaceae
Sorghastrum
Gramineae
Asteraceae
Leguminosae
Cyperaceae
Lamiacieae
Gramineae
Saururaceae
Pinaceae
Potamogetonaceae
Gramineae
Rosaceae
Gramineae
Asteraceae
Lamiacieae
Rubiaceae
Onagraceae
Poaceae
Asteraceae
Passifloraceae
Melastomataceae
Gentianaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Liliaceae
Vitaceae
Vitaceae
Onagraceae
Asteraceae
Iridaceae
Juncaceae
Najadaceae
Hypericaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Moraceae
Rosaceae
Leguminosae
Juglandaceae
Vitaceae
Asteraceae
FAMILY
Phragmites/Sea Cane
Pickerelweed
Pink Mint
Plains Coreopsis
Plains Lovegrass
Poison Ivy
Pokeweed
Pony Foot
Post Oak
Powdery Thalia
Prairie agalinis
Phragmites australis
Ponterderia cordata
Stachys drummondii
Coreopsis tinctoria
Eragrostis intermedia
Rhus toxicodendron
Phytolacca americana
Dichondra carolinensis
Quercus stellata
Thlia dealbata
Agalinis heterophylla
Poaceae
Pontederiaceae
Lamiacieae
Asteraceae
Gramineae
Anacardiaceae
Phytolaccaceae
Convolvulaceae
Fagaceae
Marantaceae
Scrophulariaceae
36
Prairie Cordgrass
Priarie Parsley
Purple Cudweed
Purple Loosestrife
Purple Lovegrass
Purple Three Awn
Red Cedar
Red Mulberry
Resurection Fern
Retama/Parkinsonia
River Birch
Rough agalinis
Rough Buttonweed
Round Pennywort
Round-head Rush
Salt-marsh morning Glory
Scarlet Pimpernil
Scribner's Dichanthelium
Seacoast Sumpweed
Sea-ox-eye Daisy
Seaside Goldenrod
Seaside Goldenrod
Sensitive Briar
Shiny Coneflower
Showy Dodder
Showy Evening Primrose
Silk Grass
Silky Evolvulus
Silver Bluestem
Slash Pine
Slender Blazing Star
Slender Copperleaf
Smallseed Spikesedge
Smooth Cordgrass
Snow-on-the-Prairie
Southern Dewberry
Southern Swamp-lily
Sow Thistle
Spanish-moss
Spider Lily
Spikegrass
COMMON NAME
Spartina pectanata
Polytaenia nuttalli
Gnaphalium purpureum
Lythrum lancelolatum
Eragrostis spectabilis
Aristida purpurascens
Juniperus virginiana
Morus rubra
Polypodium polypodioides
Parkinsonia aculeata
Betula nigra
Agalinis fasiculata
Diodia teres
Hydrocotyle umbellata
Juncus validus
Ipomoea sagittata
Anagallis arvensis
Dichanthelium oligosanthes
Iva annua
Borrichia frutescens
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago stricta
Schrankia hystricina
Rudbeckia nitida
Cuscuta indecora
Oenothera speciosa
Heterotheca graminifolia
Evolvulus sericeus
Bothriochloa saccharoides
Pinus elliottii
Liatris acidota
Acalypha gracilens
Eleocharis microcarpa
Spartina alterniflora
Euphorbia bicolor
Rubus trivialis
Crinum americanum
Sonchus asper
Tillandsia useneoides
Hymenocallis liriosme
Chasmanthium laxum
GENUS/SPECIES
Poaceae
Apiaceae
Asteraceae
Lythraceae
Gramineae
Gramineae
Cupressaceae
Moraceae
Polypodiaceae
Fabaceae
Betluaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Rubiaceae
Apiaceae
Juncaceae
Convolvulaceae
Primulaceae
Gramineae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Leguminosae
Asteraceae
Cuscutaceae
Onagraceae
Asteraceae
Convolvulaceae
Gramineae
Pinaceae
Asteraceae
Euphorbiaceae
Cyperaceae
Poaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Rosaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Asteraceae
Bromeliaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Gramineae
FAMILY
Spikegrass
Spring Ladies-tresses
Squarestem Spikerush
St. Andrew's Cross
Sucker Flax
Sugar Hackberry
Sugarcane Plumegrass
Supple-jack/Rattan Vine
Swamp Parsley
Swamp Sunflower
Sweet Sedge
Sweetgum
Switchgrass
Tall Dropseed
Tall Gaura
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum
Spiranthes vernalis
Eleocharis quadrangulata
Ascyrum hypericoides
Linum medium
Celtis levigata
Erianthus giganteus
Berchemia scandens
Trepocarpus aethusae
Helianthus angustifolia
Cyperus pseudovegetus
Liquidamber styraciflua
Panicum virgatum
Sporobolus asper
Gaura longiflora
Gramineae
Orchidaceae
Cyperaceae
Hypericaceae
Linaceae
Ulmaceae
Gramineae
Rhamnaceae
Apiaceae
Asteraceae
Cyperaceae
Hamamelidaceae
Gramineae
Gramineae
Onagraceae
37
Texas Panicum
Texas Spear/Wintergrass
Thinfruit Sedge
Tick-trefoil/Clover
Trifoliate Orange
Tropical Sage
Trumpet Creeper
Tuber vervain
Turk's Cap
Twoflower Rush
Upland Privet
Variable Dichanthelium
Vasey Grass
Virginia Buttonweed
Virginia Creeper
Wafer Ash/Hoptree
Water Hyacinth
Water Lettuce
Water Oak
Water Pepper
Water-milfoil
Wax-myrtle
Western Ragweed
Western Soapberry
White Ash
White Gaura
White Snakeroot
Whiteflower Mercardonia
Whiteroot Rush
White-topped Sedge
Whorled Milkwort
Widgeon Grass
Wild Celery
Willow Oak
Winged Elm
Wood Sorrel/Sour Grass
Wooly Dichanthelium
COMMON NAME
Panicum texanum
Stipa leucotricha
Carex flaccosperma
Desmonium Sp.
Citrus trifoliata
Salvia coccinea
Campsis radicans
Verbena rigida
Malvaviscus arboreus drummondi
Juncus marginatus
Forestiera ligustrina
Dichanthelium commutatum
Paspalum urvillei
Diodia virginiana
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Ptelea trifoliata
Eichornia crassipes
Pistia stratiotes
Quercus nigra
Polygonum hydopiperoids
Myriophyllum spicatum
Myrica cerifera
Ambrosia psilostachya
Sapindus saponaria
Fraxinus americana
Gaura lindheimeri
Eupatorium rugosum
Mecardonia acuminata
Juncus brachycarpus
Rhynchospora colorata
Polygala verticilata
Ruppia maritima
Apium leptophyllum
Quercus phellos
Ulmus alata
Oxalis dillenii
Dichanthelium acuminatum
GENUS/SPECIES
Gramineae
Gramineae
Cyperaceae
Leguminosae
Rutaceae
Lamiacieae
Bignoniaceae
Verbenaceae
Malvaceae
Juncaceae
Oleaceae
Gramineae
Gramineae
Rubiaceae
Vitaceae
Rutaceae
Pontederiaceae
Araceae
Fagaceae
Polygonaceae
Haloragaceae
Myricaceae
Asteraceae
Sapondaceae
Oleaceae
Onagraceae
Asteraceae
Scrophulariaceae
Juncaceae
Cyperaceae
Polygalaceae
Ruppiaceae
Apiaceae
Fagaceae
Ulmaceae
Oxalidaceae
Gramineae
FAMILY
Yankee Weed
Yaupon
Yellow Puff
Yellow Wild Indigo
Eupatorium compositifolium
Ilex vomitoria
Neptunia pubescens
Baptisia sphaerocarpa
Eryngium hookeri
Boltonia asteroides
Euthamia pulverulenta
Carex intumescens
Scleria ciliata
Dichanthelium aciculari
Panicum pilcomayense
Asteraceae
Aquifoliaceae
Leguminosae
Leguminosae
Apiaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae
Gramineae
Gramineae
38
FISH
COMMON NAME
GENUS/SPECIES
FAMILY
Alligator Gar
Lepisosteus spatula
Lepisosteidae
Atlantic Croaker
Micropogon undulatus
Sciaenidae
Bay Anchovy
Anchoa mitchelli
Engradulidae
Bay Whiff
Citharichthys spilopterus
Bothidae
Bayou Killifish
Fundulus pulverus
Cyprinodontidae
Black Bullhead
Ictalurus melas
Ictaluridae
Black Crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Centrarchidae
Black Drum
Pogomius cromis
Sciaenidae
Blackcheek Tonguefish
Symphurus plagiusa
Cynoglossidae
Blacktail Redhorse
Moxostoma poecilurum
Catastomidae
Blue Catfish
Ictalurus furcatus
Ictaluridae
Blue Runner
Caranx crysos
Carangidae
Bluegill Sunfish
Lepomis macrochinus
Centrarchidae
Carp
Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinidae
Channel Catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Ictaluridae
Creek Chubsucker
Erimyzon oblongus
Catastomidae
Diamond Killifish
Adinia xenica
Cyprinodontidae
Flathead Catfish
Pylodictis olivaris
Ictaluridae
Freshwater Drum
Aplodinotus grunniens
Sciaenidae
Gafftopsail Catfish
Bagre marinus
Ariidae
Gizzard Shad
Dorosoma cepedianum
Clupeidae
Golden Shiner
Notemigonus crysolecas
Cyprinidae
Green Sunfish
Lepomis cyanellus
Centrarchidae
Gulf Killifish
Fundulus grandis
Cyprinodontidae
Gulf Pipefish
Syngnathus scovelli
Syngnthidae
Hogchoker
Trinectes maculatus
Soleidae
Ladyfish
Elops saurus
Elopidae
Largemouth Bass
Micropterus salmoides
Centrarchidae
Largescale Menhaden
Brevoortia tryannus
Clupeidae
Longear Sunfish
Lepomis megalotis
Centrarchidae
Longnose Gar
Lepisosteus osseus
Lepisosteidae
Mosquitofish
Gambusia affinis
Poecilidae
Naked Goby
Gobiosoma bosci
Gobiidae
Pinfish
Lagodon rhomboides
Sparidae
Rainwater Killifish
Lucania parva
Cyprinodontidae
Red Drum
Sciaenops ocellatus
Sciaenidae
Redear Sunfish
Lepomis microlophus
Centrarchidae
River Carpsucker
Carpiodes carpio
Catastomidae
Sailfin Molly
Poecilia latipinna
Poecilidae
Sand Seatrout
Cynoscion arenarius
Sciaenidae
Sea Catfish
Arius felis
Ariidae
Sheepshead
Archosargus probactocephalus
Sparidae
Sheepshead Minnow
Cyprinodon variegatus
Cyprinodontidae
COMMON NAME
GENUS/SPECIES
FAMILY
Southern Flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma
Bothidae
Southern Puffer
Sphoerides nephelus
Tetradontidae
39
Speckled Seatrout
Cynoscion nebulosus
Sciaenidae
Spot
Leiostoma xanthurus
Sciaenidae
Spotted Gar
Lepisosteus oculatus
Lepisosteidae
Striped Mullet
Mugil cephalus
Mugilidae
Threadfin Shad
Dorosoma petenense
Clupeidae
Tidewater Silversides
Menidia berryllina
Atherinidae
Violet Goby
Gobiodes broussonetti
Gobiidae
Warmouth
Chaenobryttus gulosus
Centrarchidae
White Crappie
Pomoxis annularis
Centrarchidae
White Mullet
Mugil curema
Mugilidae
Yellow Bass
Morone mississippiensis
Centrarchidae
Yellow Bullhead
Icatlurus natalis
Ictaluridae
40
Mammals
COMMON NAME
Armadillo
Big Brown Bat
Big Free-tailed Bat
Bobcat
Brazilian Free-tailed Bat
Coyote
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Flying Squirrel
Eastern Gray Squirrel
Fox Squirrel
Hispid Cotton Rat
Norway Rat/Brown Rat
Nutria
Opossum
Raccoon
Red Fox
River Otter
Short-tailed Shrew
Striped Skunk
Swamp Rabbit
White-footed mouse
White-tailed Deer
GENUS/SPECIES
Dasypus novemoinctus
Epesicus fuscus
Nyctinomops macrotis
Lynx rufus
Tadarida brasiliensis
Canis latran
Sylvilagus floridanus
Glaucomys volans
Sciurus carolinensis
Sciurus niger
Sigmodon hispidus
Rattus norvegicus
Myocaster coypus
Didelphis marsupialis
Procyon lotor
Vulpes fulva
Lutra canadensis
Blarina brevicauda
Mephitis mehitis
Sylvilagus aquaticus
Peromyscus leucopus
Odocoileus virginianus
41
FAMILY
Dasypodidae
Phyllostomidae
Molossidae
Felidae
Molossidae
Canidae
Leporidae
Anomaluridae
Sciuridae
Sciuridae
Cricetidae
Muridae
Myocastoridae
Didelphidae
Procyonidae
Canidae
Mustelidae
Soricidae
Mustelidae
Leporidae
Cricetidae
Cervinae
Reptiles and Amphibians
COMMON NAME
GENUS/SPECIES
FAMILY
Gulf Coast Toad
Blanchard's Cricket Frog
Cope's Gray Treefrog
Cricket Frog
Gray Treefrog
Green Treefrog
Northern Spring Peeper
Squirrel Treefrog
Upland Chorus Frog
Eastern Narrow-mouth Toad
Sheep Frog
Bullfrog
Leopard Frog
Smallmouth Salamander
Three-toed Amphiuma
Gulf Coast Waterdog
Western Lesser Siren
Alligator Snapping Turtle
Common Snapping Turtle
Ornate Box Turtle
Red-eared Slider
Three-toed Box Turtle
Western Chicken Turtle
Texas Cooter
Common Musk Turtle
Mississippi Mud Turtle
Pallid Spiny Softshell
American Alligator
Western Slender Glass Lizard
Mediterranean Gekko
Green Anole
Five-lined Skink
Ground Skink
Broadhead Skink
Blotched Water Snake
Broad-banded Water Snake
Diamondback Water Snake
Eastern Coachwhip
Eastern Hognose Snake
Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer
Flathead Snake
Graham's Crayfish Snake
Great Plains Rat Snake
Marsh Brown Snake
Prairie Kingsnake
Rough Earth Snake
Rough Green Snake
Speckled Kingsnake
Texas Brown Snake
COMMON NAME
Bufo valliceps vaiilcpes
Acris crepitans creptians
Hyla chrysoscelis
Acris crepitans
Hyla versicolor
Hyla cinerea
Pseudacris crucifer crucifer
Hyla squirella
Pseudacris triseriata feriarum
Gastrophryne carolinensis
Hypopachus variolosus
Rana catesbeiana
Rana sphenocephala
Ambystoma texanum
Amphiuma tridactylum
Necturus beyeri
Siren intermedia nettingi
Macroclemys temminckii
Chelydra serpentina serpentina
Terrapene ornata ornata
Chysemys scripta elegans
Terrapene carolina triunguis
Deirochelys reticularia miaria
Pseudemys texana
Sternotherus odoratus
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis
Trionyx spiniferus pallidus
Alligator mississippiensis
Ophisaurus attenuatus attenuatus
Hemidactylus turcicus
Anolis carolinensis
Eumeces fasciatus
Scincella lateras
Eumeces laticeps
Nerodia erythrogaster transversa
Nerodia fasciata confluens
Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer
Masticophis flagellum
Heterdon platyrhinos
Coluber constrictor
Tantilla gracilis
Regina grahamii
Elaphe guttata emoryi
Storeria dekayi limnetes
Lampropeltis calligaster
Virginia striatula
Ophyodrys aestivus
Lampropeltis getulus
Storeria dekayi texana
GENUS/SPECIES
Bufonidae
Hylidae
Hylidae
Hylidae
Hylidae
Hylidae
Hylidae
Hylidae
Hylidae
Microhylidae
Microhylidae
Ranidae
Ranidae
Ambystomatidae
Amphiumidae
Proteidae
Sirenidae
Chelydridae
Chelydridae
Emydidae
Emydidae
Emydidae
Emydidae
Emydidae
Kinosternidae
Kinosternidae
Trionychidae
Crocodylidae
Anguidae
Gekkonidae
Iguanidae
Scincidae
Scincidae
Scincidae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
FAMILY
Texas Rat Snake
Western Mud Snake
Western Ribbon Snake
Elaphe obsoleta
Farancia abacura reinwardtii
Thamnophis proximus proximus
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
42
Yellowbelly Water Snake
Texas Coral Snake
Southern Copperhead
Western Cottonmouth
Western Pygmy Rattlesnake
Nerodia erythrogaster favigaster
Micrurus fulvius
Agkistrodon contortix
Agkistrodon piscivorus
Sistrurus miliarus
43
Colubridae
Elapidae
Viperidae
Viperidae
Viperidae
Birds
COMMON NAME
GENUS/SPECIES
FAMILY
Acadian Flycatcher
American Bittern
American Coot
American Crow
American Goldfinch
American Kestrel
American Pipit
American Redstart
American Robin
American White Pelican
American Woodcock
Anhinga
Baltimore Oriole
Barn Owl
Barn Swallow
Barred Owl
Bay-breasted Warbler
Belted Kingfisher
Black Vulture
Black-and-white Warbler
Black-bellied Whistling Duck
Black-billed Cuckoo
Blackburnian Warbler
Black-chinned Hummingbird
Black-crowned Night-heron
Black-necked Stilt
Blackpoll Warbler
Black-throated Gray Warbler
Black-throated Green Warbler
Blue Grosbeak
Blue Jay
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Blue-headed Vireo
Blue-winged Teal
Blue-winged Warbler
Bobolink
Brewer's Blackbird
Broad-winged hawk
Brown Creeper
Brown Pelican
Brown Thrasher
Brown-headed Cowbird
Canada Goose
Canada Warbler
Carolina Chickadee
Carolina Wren
Caspian Tern
Cattle Egret
Cedar Waxwing
COMMON NAME
Empidonax virescens
Botaurus lentiginosus
Fulica americana
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Carduelis tristis
Falco spaverius
Turdus migratorius
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Scolopax minor
Anhinga anhinga
Icterus galbula
Tyto alba
Hirundo rustica
Strix varia
Dendroica castanea
Ceryle alcyon
Coragyps atratus
Mniotilta varia
Dendrocynga autumnalis
Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Dendroica fusca
Archilochus alexandri
Nycticorax nycticorax
Himantropus mexicanus
Dendroica striata
Dendroica nigrescens
Dendroica virens
Guiraca caerulea
Cynocitta cristata
Polioptila caerulea
Vireo solitarius
Anas discors
Vermivora pinus
Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Euphagus cyanocephalus
Buteo platypterus
Certhia americana
Pelecanus occidentalis
Toxostoma rufum
Molothrus ater
Branta canadensis
Wilsonia canadensis
Poecile carolinensis
Thryothorus ludocicianus
Sterna caspia
Bubulcus ibis
Bombycilla cedrorum
GENUS/SPECIES
Tyrannidae
Ardeidae
Rallidae
Corvidae
Fringillidae
Falconidae
Motacillidae
Parulidae
Turdidae
Pelecanidae
Scolopacidae
Anhingidae
Icteridae
Tytonidae
Hirundinidae
Strigidae
Parulidae
Alcedinidae
Cathartidae
Parulidae
Anatidae
Cuculidae
Parulidae
Trochilidae
Ardeidae
Recurvirostridae
Parulidae
Parulidae
Parulidae
Cardinalidae
Corvidae
Sylviidae
Vireonidae
Anatidae
Parulidae
Icteridae
Icteridae
Accipitridae
Certhiidae
Pelecanidae
Mimidae
Icteridae
Anatidae
Parulidae
Paridae
Troglodytidae
Laridae
Ardeidae
Bombycillidae
FAMILY
Cerulean Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Chimney Swift
Dendroica cerulea
Dendroica pensylvanica
Chaetura pelagica
Parulidae
Parulidae
Apodidae
Anthus rubescens
Setophaga ruticilla
44
Chipping Sparrow
Chuck-will's-widow
Cliff Swallow
Common Goldeneye
Common Grackle
Common Moorhen
Common Nighthawk
Common Snipe
Common Yellowthroat
Cooper's Hawk
Crested Caracara
Dark-eyed Junco
Dickcissel
Double-crested Cormorant
Downy Woodpecker
Eastern Bluebird
Eastern Kingbird
Eastern Meadowlark
Eastern Phoebe
Eastern Screech-Owl
Eastern Towhee
Eastern Wild Turkey
Eastern Wood-Pewee
European Starling
Field Sparrow
Forester's Tern
Fox Sparrow
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Golden-winged Warbler
Grasshopper Sparrow
Gray Catbird
Great Blue Heron
Great Crested Flycatcher
Great Egret
Great Horned Owl
Greater White-fronted Goose
Greater Yellowlegs
Great-tailed Grackle
Green Heron
Green-winged Teal
Groove-billed Ani
Hairy Woodpecker
Harris Sparrow
Hermit Thrush
Herring Gull
Hooded Merganser
Hooded Warbler
House Sparrow
House Wren
COMMON NAME
Spizella passerina
Caprimulgus carolinesis
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Bucephala clangula
Quiscalus quiscula
Gallinula chloropus
Chordeiles minor
Gallinago gallinago
Geothlypis trichas
Accipiter cooperi
Caracara plancus
Junco hyemalis
Spiza americana
Phalacrocorax auritus
Picoides pubescen
Sialia sialis
Tryannus tryannus
Sturnella magna
Sayornis phoebe
Otus asio
Pipilo erythrophthalmus
Meleagis gallopavo silvertris
Contopus virens
Sturnus vulgaris
Spizella pusilla
Sterna foresteri
Passerella iliaca
Regulus satrapa
Vermivora chrysoptera
Ammodramus savannarum
Dumetella carolinensis
Ardea herodias
Myiarchus crinitus
Ardea alba
Bubo virginianus
Anser albifrons
Tringa melanoleuca
Quiscalus mexicanus
Butorides virenscens
Anas crecca
Crotophaga sulcirostris
Picoides villosus
Zonotrichia querula
Catharus guttatus
Larus argentatus
Lophodytes cucullatus
Wilsonia citrina
Passer domesticus
Troglodytes aedon
GENUS/SPECIES
Emberizidae
Caprimulgidae
Hirundinidae
Anatidae
Icteridae
Rallidae
Caprimulgidae
Scolopacidae
Parulidae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Emberizidae
Cardinalidae
Phalacrocoracidae
Picidae
Turdidae
Tyrannidae
Icteridae
Tyrannidae
Strigidae
Emberizidae
Phasianidae
Tyrannidae
Sturnidae
Emberizidae
Laridae
Emberizidae
Regulidae
Parulidae
Emberizidae
Mimidae
Ardeidae
Tyrannidae
Ardeidae
Strigidae
Anatidae
Scolopacidae
Icteridae
Ardeidae
Anatidae
Cuculidae
Picidae
Emberizidae
Turdidae
Laridae
Anatidae
Parulidae
Passeridae
Troglodytidae
FAMILY
Inca Dove
Indigo Bunting
Kentucky Warbler
Killdeer
Lark Bunting
Laughing Gull
Least Bittern
Columbina inca
Passerina cyanea
Oporornis formosus
Charadrius vociferus
Calamospiza melanocorys
Larus atricilla
Ixobrychus exilis
Columbidae
Cardinalidae
Parulidae
Charadriiae
Emberizidae
Laridae
Ardeidae
45
Least Flycatcher
Least Sandpiper
Least Tern
LeConte's Sparrow
Lesser Scaup
Lesser Yellowlegs
Lincoln's Sparrow
Little Blue Heron
Loggerhead Shrike
Long-billed Dowitcher
Louisiana Waterthush
Magnificant Frigatebird
Magnolia Warbler
Mallard
Marsh Wren
Merlin
Mississippi Kite
Mottled Duck
Mourning Dove
Mourning Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Neotropic Cormorant
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Cardinal
Northern Flicker
Northern Harrier
Northern Mockingbird
Northern Parula
Northern Pintail
Northern Rough-winged Swallow
Nothern Waterthrush
Orange-crowned Warbler
Orchard Oriole
Osprey
Ovenbird
Painted Bunting
Palm Warbler
Peregrine Falcon
Pied-billed Grebe
Pileated Woodpecker
Pine Siskin
Pine Warbler
Prothonotary Warbler
Purple Finch
Purple Gallinule
COMMON NAME
Empidonax minimus
Calidris minutilla
Sterna antillarum
Ammodramus leconteii
Aythya affinis
Tringa flavipes
Melospiza lincolnii
Egretta caerulea
Lanius ludovicianus
Limnodromus griseus
Seiurus motacilla
Fregata magnificens
Dendroica magnolia
Anas platyrhynchos
Cistothorus palustris
Falco columbarius
Ictinia mississippiensis
Anas fulvigula
Zenaida macroura
Oporornis philadelphia
Vermivora ruficapilla
Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Colinus virginianus
Cardinalis cardinalis
Colaptes auratus
Circus cyaneus
Mimus polyglottos
Parula americana
Anas acuta
Stelgidopteryx serripennis
Seiurus noveboracensis
Vermivora celata
Icterus spurius
Pandion haliaetus
Seiurus aurocapillus
Passerina ciris
Dendroica palmarum
Falco peregrinus
Podilymbus podiceps
Dryocopus pileatus
Carduelis pinus
Dendroica pinus
Protonaria citrea
Carpodacus purpureus
Porphyrula martinica
GENUS/SPECIES
Tyrannidae
Scolopacidae
Laridae
Emberizidae
Anatidae
Scolopacidae
Emberizidae
Ardeidae
Laniidae
Scolopacidae
Parulidae
Fregatidae
Parulidae
Anatidae
Troglodytidae
Falconidae
Accipitridae
Anatidae
Columbidae
Parulidae
Parulidae
Phalacrocoracidae
Odontophoridae
Cardinalidae
Picidae
Accipitridae
Mimidae
Parulidae
Anatidae
Hirundinidae
Parulidae
Parulidae
Icteridae
Accipitridae
Parulidae
Cardinalidae
Parulidae
Falconidae
Podiciedidae
Picidae
Fringillidae
Parulidae
Parulidae
Fringillidae
Rallidae
FAMILY
Purple Martin
Red-bellied Woodpecker
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Red-eyed Vireo
Red-headed Woodpecker
Red-shouldered Hawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Red-winged Blackbird
Ring-billed Gull
Rock Dove
Roseate Spoonbill
Progne subis
Melanerpes carolinus
Sitta canadensis
Vireo oivaceus
Melanerpes erythrocephalus
Buteo lineatus
Buteo jamaicensis
Agelaius phoeniceus
Larus delawarensis
Columba livia
Ajaia ajaja
Hirundinidae
Picidae
Sittidae
Vireonidae
Picidae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Icteridae
Laridae
Columbidae
Threskiornithidae
46
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Royal Tern
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Rufous Hummingbird
Sandhill Crane
Savannah Sparrow
Scarlet Tanager
Scissor-tailed flycatcher
Sedge Wren
Sharp-shinned hawk
Snow Goose
Snowy Egret
Solitary Sandpiper
Song Sparrow
Sora
Spotted Sandpiper
Sprague's Pipit
Summer Tanager
Swainson's Hawk
Swainson's Thrush
Swainson's Warbler
Swallow-tailed Kite
Swamp Sparrow
Tennessee Warbler
Tree Swallow
Tricolored Heron
Tufted Titmouse
Turkey Vulture
Veery
Vermillion Flycatcher
Vesper Sparrow
Virginia Rail
Warbling Vireo
Western Sandpiper
Whip-poor-will
White Ibis
White-crowned Sparrow
White-eyed vireo
White-faced Ibis
White-tailed Hawk
COMMON NAME
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Sterna maxima
Regulus calendula
Archilochus colubris
Selasphorus rufus
Grus canadensis
Passerculus sandwichensis
Piranga olivacea
Tryannus forticatus
Cistothorus platensis
Accipiter striatus
Chen caerulescens
Egretta thula
Tringa solitaria
Melospiza melodia
Porzana carolina
Actitus macularia
Anthus spragueii
Piranga rubra
Buteo swainsoni
Catharus ustulatus
Limnothlypis swainsonii
Elanoides forficatus
Melospiza georgiana
Vermivora peregrina
Tachycineta bicolor
Egretta tricolor
Baeolophus griseus
Cathartes aura
Catharus fuscescens
Pyrocephalus rubinus
Pooecetes gramineus
Rallus limicola
Vireo gilvus
Calidris mauri
Caprimulgus vociferus
Eudocimus albus
Zonotrichia leucophrys
Vireo griseus
Plegadis chihi
Buteo albicaudatus
GENUS/SPECIES
Cardinalidae
Laridae
Regulidae
Trochilidae
Trochilidae
Gruidae
Emberizidae
Thraupidae
Tyrannidae
Troglodytidae
Accipitridae
Anatidae
Ardeidae
Scolopacidae
Emberizidae
Rallidae
Scolopacidae
Motacillidae
Thraupidae
Accipitridae
Turdidae
Parulidae
Accipitridae
Emberizidae
Parulidae
Hirundinidae
Ardeidae
Paridae
Cathartidae
Turdidae
Tyrannidae
Emberizidae
Rallidae
Vireonidae
Scolopacidae
Caprimulgidae
Threskiornithidae
Emberizidae
Vireonidae
Threskiornithidae
Accipitridae
FAMILY
White-tailed Kite
White-throated Sparrow
Wilson's Warbler
Winter Wren
Wood Duck
Wood Stork
Wood Thrush
Worm-eating Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-crowned Night-heron
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-throated Vireo
Elanus leucurus
Zonotrichia albicollis
Wilsonia pusilla
Troglodytes troglodytes
Aix sponsa
Mycteria americana
Hylocichla mustelina
Helmitheros vermivorus
Dendroica petechia
Sphyrapicus varius
Coccyzus americanus
Icteria virens
Nyctanassa violacea
Dendroica coronata
Vireo flavifrons
Accipitridae
Emberizidae
Parulidae
Troglodytidae
Anatidae
Ciconiidae
Turdidae
Parulidae
Parulidae
Picidae
Cuculidae
Parulidae
Ardeidae
Parulidae
Vireonidae
47
Yellow-throated Warbler
Dendroica dominica
Parulidae
48
Appendix B: Armand Bayou Nature Center
Exotic Species Management Plan
ARMAND BAYOU COASTAL PRESERVE
A. INTRODUCTION
Exotic (non-native) species are those plants which did not historically occur in a region, but have been
introduces to an area. They may have evolved in a latitude or climate very similar to their introduces
range. Often there are no natural predators in the introduced landscape to keep the exotic population
from unchecked growth. There are a number of such aquatic plants in the Armand Bayou Watershed.
The list includes water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), elephant ear (Colocasia antiquorium), alligator
weed (Alternanthera philoxerides) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). The introduction of exotic
species in Texas has had a dramatic impact on the ecology of the aquatic environments. Over time
exotic plants can out compete native plants and completely dominate the landscape. As exotic plants
replace native plants, a number of negative environmental impacts begin to appear. The Texas Parks
and Wildlife Department regulates exotic species in Texas and in accordance with the Fish Farming
Act of 1989 (Senate Bill 1507) is required to maintain a list of harmful and potentially harmful aquatic
plants. Twelve species of aquatic plants have been identified and are currently prohibited in the state.
Within the Galveston Bay Estuary system, the introduction and proliferation of opportunistic nonnative aquatic plants has resulted in the degradation of acres of estuarine habitat. The Galveston Bay
Plan, the comprehensive conservation and management plan for the Galveston Bay ecosystem,
identifies habitat loss as the number one problem for the bay. One area of particular concern is the
Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve, a tributary of west Galveston Bay, which is experiencing an
increasing problem with the invasion of exotic plant species.
The purpose of the Exotic Species Management Plan for the Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve is to
identify and implement techniques for the control of problem exotic species, which degrade the
Preserve’s native plant community and aquatic environment.
B. BACKGROUND
Recognizing the need for the long-term preservation, protection and management of unique natural
areas along the Texas coast, the Texas Legislature created the Texas Coastal Preserve Program. The
Texas General Land Office and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department were designated the
administering agencies for this program. Armand Bayou, a pristine wilderness remnant located within
the largest urban area in the state, was designated a Coastal Preserve in 1992. The Armand Bayou
Nature Center, a 2500 acre preserve which surrounds portions of Armand Bayou, in cooperation with
the administering agencies, manages the Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve.
The Galveston Bay Estuary Program, which received Environmental Protection Agency funding to
design and implement Action Demonstration projects to demonstrate innovative solutions to basinwide problems at the sub-water-shed level, chose Armand Bayou as one of two demonstration projects
for the Texas Coastal Preserve Program. The objectives of the project involved the development of an
Armand Bayou Management Plan to effectively manage area resources and obtaining permanent
coastal preserve status for Armand Bayou to protect water quality, living resource and human health.
The Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve demonstration project was a success and resulted in the
completion of the Management Plan Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve in October 1992.
49
Vegetation management was identified as a priority in the Management Plan Armand Bayou Coastal
Preserve. The vegetative management goals include: (1) protect and maintain the native plants and
plant communities of the Preserve; (2) identify the plant species; and (3) restore aquatic plant
communities. In support of these goals, the Galveston Bay Estuary Program is providing funding to
Armand Bayou Nature Center for the development and implementation of an Exotic Species
Management Plan for Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve.
C. WATER HYACINTH
Water hyacinth, an extremely invasive aquatic plant, is one of the twelve exotic species prohibited in
the state of Texas. Although a relative newcomer to the Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve, this aquatic
weed has become a priority management problem for the Preserve resource managers. It is a native of
the Amazon basin and is commonly believed to have been introduced to the United States at the
World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition of 1884-1885 in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial aquatic herb in the Pontederiaceae, pickerelweed family.
Leaves are smooth-edges, thick and waxy and dark green. They grow in a nearly circular shape
approximately 8” in length. Leaf stems have inflated spongy bulbs and with the leaves can project up
to 36” above the water’s surface. Lilac, white and blue flowers occur on spikes with yellow centers.
The roots are long and feathery and dangle below the water surface or root in the substrate. Water
hyacinth is a tropical and subtropical plant species. The plant cannot tolerate water temperature above
340 C. Leaves are killed by frost but it is only when the rhizome tip below the water surface is frozen
that the entire plant dies.
Water hyacinth occurs in rivers, bayous, lakes, ponds, reservoirs and drainage ditches. Nursery areas
include swamps and shallow tidewater bays. After flood events, great mats of the weed may be
flushed into mainstream water bodies such as clear Lake and Galveston Bay. Once the plant
encounters seawater with an average salinity of 15ppt, it will die leaving unsightly noxious mats of
decomposing plant matter floating in the water.
Not only are natural forces responsible for the spread of this plant but man continues to facilitate its
widespread distribution. Water hyacinth is occasionally sold for ornamental water gardens or aquaria
maintenance. The plant is used in agriculture as pig feed, fertilizer, a growing medium for mushrooms
and as a wrap for cigars. Recently it has been found to absorb a variety of toxins and heavy metals and
is being used for water purification in the wastewater treatment industry. The plant has also been
carelessly spread by watercraft and trailers moving from one body of water to another without a
thorough cleaning between launches.
The growth rate of water hyacinth is among the highest of any known plant. It reproduces by sending
of short runner stems, which develop new daughter plants. It can also reproduce by seed germination.
It has been estimated that 10 plants can produce enough offspring to cover an acre in one growing
season.
During the period from March to October, water hyacinth in the Preserve can grow from shoreline to
shoreline, creating and unmanageable condition within the bayou. A mat of medium-sized water
hyacinth plants may contain 1,000,000 plants per acre and weigh up to 200 metric tons. As these plant
mats spread across a body of water, sunlight is prevented from reaching the water column, eliminating
both oxygenation processes of photosynthesis and diffusion. This oxygen deficient environment
results in degraded water quality and destroys biological diversity. Spawning areas are blocked as the
weed becomes denser and fish populations are destroyed.
50
Surface water supplies are reduced by increased sedimentation from rotting leaves and roots. One acre
of water hyacinth can deposit approximately 17 million leaves or 500 tons of rotting plant material on
the bottom of a water body each year.
Navigation becomes virtually impossible due to the solid mass of floating vegetation and dangerous
because channels are hidden. Huge rafts of water hyacinth restrict flood control and have the potential
to damage chemical and petroleum pipeline which cross the Preserve.
Recreation can become unpleasant due to the increased mosquito populations, which take refuge in the
weed cover, and access to the water is restricted by the thick mats of weed that push against the public
and private boat ramps.
D. METHODS OF CONTROL
Water hyacinth can be controlled by mechanical, biological and herbicidal means. The first efforts to
control the plant involved the development and utilization of mechanical equipment such as
mechanical harvesters. Mobile barge-mounted harvesters remove the weeds from the water by lifting
the plants through a conveyor and transporting them to a land-based disposal site. Mechanical control
is not practical for most large-scale removal projects. It is difficult to harvest in water with submerged
rocks and stumps which can damage the equipment; there is limited access for harvesting in shallow
water; inclement weather may result in significant equipment downtime, fishery resources may be
inadvertently harvested by the equipment, capital outlays are expensive, disposal sites may not be
available and reproduction rates of the plants usually exceed harvesting rates.
As an alternative to mechanical control, scientists have investigated the use of biological control for
deterring plant growth. Since water hyacinth is not native to the United States, there are no natural
enemies to keep the plant in check. Current biocontrol efforts have centered on two species of weevils
(Neochetina eichorniae and Neochetina bruchi), a moth (Sameodes albiguttalis) and a fungus.
Although some success has been documented for the utilization of biocontrols, this method is not
recommended for two reasons; (1) the bioagents typically do not multiply as fast as the water hyacinth
and (2) the impact of the non-native controls is still being determined.
In recent years, herbicidal application has become the primary method of controlling water- hyacinth.
Because complete eradication is virtually impossible due to high economic and environmental cost
associated with intensive chemical control, resource managers are now advocating a program of
maintenance control. The objective of maintenance control is not to complete eradication of water
hyacinth, but to maintain the plant populations at the lowest feasible levels using small applications of
herbicides. Research indicates that maintenance control methods result in a reduction of herbicide use,
a reduction of organic matter (dead plant leaves) deposition in the water bottom and reduced
management costs.
Herbicides are regulated by the U.S. Environmental protection Agency and the Texas Department of
Agriculture. The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission monitors statewide water quality.
E. 2,4-D
The systemic herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) is the most commonly applied
chemical for water hyacinth (broadleaf) control. Both growing leaves and roots absorb the 2,4-D. The
herbicide is then translocated throughout the entire plant to actively growing tissue resulting in
abnormal growth and cell division. Decomposition takes approximately 30 days, depending on
previous treatments. The products of 2,4-D breakdown are carbon dioxide, water, ammonia and
chlorine.
51
The 2,4-D is applied by sprayer with a dilution rate of 3:100 (3 lbs herbicide per 100 gallons water).
This control may be purchased or applied only by an applicator licensed by the Texas Department of
Agriculture. All application to exotic plants described in this management plan will be conducted by
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Aquatic Plant Control specialists. The chemical will be
delivered to the target species by hand-held spray nozzles operated from an airboat. This application
technique is very accurate and will deliver herbicide to target species while avoiding non-target plants.
F. EXOTIC SPECIES MANAGEMENT
The Armand Bayou Nature Center will be responsible for coordinating the implementation of the
Exotic Species Management Plan for Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve including:
1. Routine Monitoring of Exotic Species Levels on the Preserve
ABNC staff will monitor the following water bodies for exotic plant populations:
Armand Bayou
Horsepen Bayou
Big Island Slough
Willow Spring Gully
These water bodies will be surveyed no less than once every 30 days during the growing season.
Species of special concern include Water hyacinth, elephant ear, water lettuce and alligator weed.
ABNC staff will utilize their best professional judgment to determine when plant populations require
control. When plant populations need controlling, ABNC personnel will coordinate with TPWD plant
control specialists to perform control techniques.
2. Identifying Target Areas for Maintenance Control
Armand Bayou exhibits a wide variation in salinity levels throughout its twelve mile length. The
maritime influence is at its southernmost point. This is the confluence of Armand Bayou and Clear
Lake. It is common to find salinity levels between 8 and 18ppt during the growing season. By
contrast, the headwaters of Armand Bayou and its tributaries are freshwater streams. Salinity levels in
these upper reaches remains 0 – 3ppt year round. It is the in the headwater areas that water hyacinth
finds the most hospitable environment in which to flourish. For this reason the upper reaches of the
bayou and its tributaries will be the primary focus for maintenance control.
After large rainfalls, huge rafts of water hyacinth are carried downstream with the floodwaters. These
drifting hyacinth islands will be the secondary focus area for maintenance control. is highly desirable
to treat these rafts before they enter Clear Lake and create navigational hazards.
3. Routinely Monitor Changes in Native Plant Communities Due to Competition with Exotic Species.
ABNC staff will monitor negative impacts to native plant communities through visual observation.
4. Developing and Coordinating a Maintenance Control Schedule with the Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department as Needed.
5. Developing and Implementing a Watershed Outreach/Education Strategy
Working in cooperation with the Texas General Land Office, this program will include conducting
public meetings and publishing newsletter articles on exotic species management in the Preserve.
Armand Bayou is a highly used recreational body of water. In an effort to minimize any
misconceptions related to chemical control techniques utilized, a public meeting was held at Armand
Bayou Nature Center. Issues of concern that were discussed included toxic side effects from the use of
2,4-D; fish consumption after application; impacts to native plant communities and decomposition of
large areas of plant material.
52
Appendix C: CLEAN WATER FOR ARMAND BAYOU
Range Ecosystem Management
Part I: Permanent Line Transects
Permanent line transects will be established during the fall of 1998 in each management unit or
pasture for determining seasonal and long-term changes in the vegetative complex. Data generated
from the line transect method will be used to establish baseline information on the species diversity
(plant bio-diversity) present and to document change in the vegetative complex relative to management
alternatives imposed. Plant frequency of occurrence (as a percent) will be used for comparison of
pastures and monitoring of vegetation changes.
Recommended Procedure:
1. Establish three line transects in each management unit or pasture which provide a random sampling
of the vegetation. Each transect line will be 104 feet in length from marker to marker.
2. Transect lines will be monitored four times each year in the following periods which can best
reflect seasonal and vegetative changes: January, late April through May, late June through mid-July
and late October through mid-November. The January sampling period may not be needed in the
coastal prairie vegetative area.
3. A 1/8 rectangular meter (Daubenmire frame) or ¼ square meter frame will be placed on the transect
line at 2 paces (5 feet) beginning at the starting marker of the transect line which will allow for a
minimum of 29 data collection points on each transect line.
4. A minimum of 30 and a maximum of 60 randomly selected points on the three lines will be
established at each collection period. A randomized number table will be used in establishing the
transect lines from unit lines. Each sample site will be picked using the random number selection
process with the maximum feet or meters between sites established from the total distance in the
individual unit. Photo points will be established at the beginning of the transect line and recorded
quarterly.
5. At each point, the sampling frame will be placed evenly on the transect line. The presence of 36
target species will be recorded (if identifiable) at each sampling site using a % coverage estimate. The
eight suggested cover estimates are 0-1% (useful for reporting plants present at a trace level and
reported as category 1), 1-5% (category 2), 6-20% (category 3) 21-40% (category 4), 41-60%
(category 5), 61-80% (category 6), 81-96% (category 7), and 97-100% (representing total coverage as
a monoculture of one species and reported as category 8). This method will allow for the collection of
frequency data by herbaceous species as well as a species cover estimate. After the first collection
period, a species frequency curve will be utilized to determine if an adequate number of sample units
has been established.
6. Since the terrain in the local area can have a microrelief of Vertisols (gigai), it may be necessary to
record data by location in a microvalley such as “in the valley” (1), or on a microridge (3). The
collection and monitoring of frequency for species composition could be affected if all sample sites
were in the “gilgai” valley.
53
7. Volunteers for this project will be trained in plant identification beginning in the fall of 1998 and
will be followed in the winter or early spring with training on the transect line process. Volunteers will
be led in determining their pace or on a pace which gives a length of about 5 feet.
Prepared by Dr. Barron S. Rector, Associate Professor and Extension Range Specialist, College
Station, Texas. Phone: 409 845 2755
August 18, 1998
54
Appendix D: Armand Bayou Nature Center
Prescribed Burn Procedure
Revised March 2000
A. INTRODUCTION
Prescribed burning is a valuable management practice for the maintenance and restoration of tallgrass
prairie. Fire controls woody plant intrusion stimulates new growth and seed germination and recycles
essential plant nutrients. Prescribed burning alone will not accomplish all prairie maintenance and
restoration goals, but without fire these goals will probably not be achieved. Every effort will be taken
during burn planning, preparation, execution and reporting at ABNC to ensure that all burns are (1)
safe, (2) meet all agency and ABNC guidelines and requirements and (3) accomplish ecological
objectives. Prescribed burning activity at Armand Bayou Nature Center will be conducted only under
specific weather conditions with specified minimums of personnel and equipment.
B. BURN PLANNING AND EXECUTION
1. Fire Lines
All fire lines to be used for scheduled winter burns shall be mowed as near to the end of the growing
season as possible. Fire lines will be evaluated shortly before the burn date to assure their viability and
ascertain amounts of flammable material still remaining within them. For optimum safety, mowed fire
lines should be between 24’ and 36’ wide dependent upon surrounding fuels. Ideally, if funding
allows, fire suppression foam should be used for fire line burning operations in the growing season.
2. Weather
Prescribed burns will be conducted only under optimum weather conditions. Wind must be at least 6
miles per hour and cannot exceed 15 miles per hour. The TNRCC weather office must be notified on
the morning of the prescribed burn. The weather office will deliver burn weather predictions for the
day and will give the “go/no go” for the burn. For a more localized forecast, the National Weather
Service in Alvin may be called. Once the burn begins, weather conditions will be monitored regularly
to detect any changes. Changing weather conditions may require that the burn be halted.
3. Personnel
A minimum of eight people is required to conduct a prescribed burn at ABNC. To participate in a
prescribed burn, all staff and volunteers must attend the ABNC Prescribed Burn Training Class. The
Fire Boss has overall authority during the burn. The Fire Boss will hold a pre-burn briefing to ensure
that all participants fully understand their role and safety precautions. The Fire Boss will maintain a
file of Release of Liability (see attachment 1) for all volunteers who participate in the prescribed burn.
4. Equipment
The following equipment is the minimum for any controlled burning activity at ABNC: fire flaps for
every personnel of the burn, at least one 60-gallon trailer mounted sprayer and at least one all-terrain
vehicle (ATV). During summer burns, a tractor with mower is also desirable. The Fire Boss and at
least one member of each two-person team will utilize operating two-way radios. A designated staff
member in the ABNC office will also monitor the radio in the event of an emergency. The Fire Boss
may also have a cellular phone.
55
C. GOALS OF PRESCRIBED BURNING
The goals of prescribed burning activities at Armand Bayou Nature Center are to conduct burns that; (1
provide for safety of both people and property, (2) fall within the written guidelines, (3) follow all
state, county and local agency guidelines and (4) accomplish predetermined ecological objectives for
prairie and marsh restoration.
1. Safety
Certain risks are associated with prescribed burning. Safety, of both personnel conducting a burn and
surrounding citizens, has first priority. Prescribed burning presents dangers from both smoke and
flames. Sudden wind shifts that take fire out of prescription can endanger people and property.
Shifting winds can also reduce visibility on bordering roads very quickly. Fire units will be ignited in
a manner that will produce the least smoke and still achieve ecological objectives. During prescribed
burns, the Fire Boss will be responsible for (1) monitoring road conditions near the burn, (2) having
access to immediate communication with emergency personnel, (3) keeping informed on general
weather conditions in the area and (4) assuring the water in the sprayer tank does not fall below ¼
capacity.
2. Burn Prescriptions
A burn prescription (see page 59) will be prepared by the Fire Boss for each unit at ABNC. Included
in this prescription will be a description and map of the unit, prescribed weather parameters, equipment
and personnel required, firing technique to be used, possible smoke sensitive areas and any special
precautions which may be needed. The prescription will also have notes summarizing the burn and
fire behavior as well as a post-burn evaluation. If the conditions on burn day do not meet prescriptions
for a particular unit, that unit will not be burned.
3. Local Ordinances
Prescribed burning at ABNC is subject to severe limitations due to the surrounding urban area.
Applicable agencies will be notified at least twenty-four hours prior to a prescribed burn (see Pre-Burn
Notification List) and will be provided with a copy of the post-burn report. Burn units are limited to
25 acres in size and no more than 75 acres can be burned in one day. An hour between last flame and
ignition of the next fire is required.
4. Documentation
Documenting and reporting the results of the prescribed burn is crucial. Upon completion of the burn,
the Burn Prescription and Post-burn Report will be completed and copies distributed to the agency list.
Files of past burn activities, including Release of Liability, shall be maintained as part of the
Stewardship Office’s permanent record.
5. Ecological Goals and Objectives
The primary goal of burning prairie units at ABNC is to control woody vegetation that was historically
excluded from the tallgrass prairie by grazing bison and natural fire. Prescribed burning at the Nature
Center is usually conducted during the dormant (winter) season. Control of some species may require
prescribed burning during the early portion of the growing season (spring). Prescribed burning may be
used in the future to aid in marsh restoration, restoration of former prairie now covered with Chinese
tallow thickets and as a method to aid decomposition in cut over areas.
56
PRESCRIBED PRAIRIE BURN CONTACT LIST
TNRCC - SEND POST BURN REPORT
Arturo Blanco, Air Section Manager, 5425 Polk Ave. Suite H, Houston TX 77023
Include TNRCC Account #HG1032T
713 767 3700 or 713 767 3712 call for a favorable forecast
Fax 713 767 3761
TNRCC Fire Weather Forecast 713 767 3712
Local Supervisor Dick Flannery 713 767 3727
Houston Area Supervisor Diana Sullivan 713 767 3744
Fax 713 767 3761
TNRCC Ozone Advisories Ben Cofferen or Ron Wells 512 239 1804
Harris County Pollution Control - SEND POST BURN REPORT
Mr. Jerry Harris 107 North Munger, PO Box 6031, Pasadena TX 77506
713 920 2831 Fax 713 477 8963 CALL DAY PRIOR TO BURN
Pasadena Fire Department - SEND POST BURN REPORT
Mr. Bill Yearout, Fire Marshall
City of Pasadena, 1001 E. Shaw, Suite B-201, Pasadena TX 77506
713 475 5556 Fax 713 477 3093
Pasadena Fire Dispatch - MUST CALL MORNING OF BURN
713 477 1122 Fax 713 477 2936
COURTESY CALLS
Taylor Lake Village Police Dispatch 281 326 5900
HPD Dispatch 713 222 3131
HPD Clear Lake Office 281 218 3800
HFD Dispatch 713 222 7643 HFD Clear Lake Station 71 Ask for Station Captain
WEST BANK BURNS ONLY
Clear Lake City Water Authority 281 488 2400 James Bryd Superintendent
University of Houston Clear Lake Police 281 283 2222
NASA Fire and Safety Dept. 281 483 5324 Ask for Day Specialist
NASA Fire Dispatch 281 483 4658
EAST BANK/TAYLOR BAYOU BURNS ONLY
Bayport Caer Line 281 228 8304 (Rohm & Haas Safety Dispatch will send message to Caer Line)
Must send immediate follow-up fax after call fax number 281 228 2327
MISC NUMBERS
NWS Dickinson 281 337 5192 - Ask for Forecaster
NWS Fire Weather Forecast 281 337 5192
CLEMC Bob Squires 281 488 3078
Webster VFD 281 332 2711 Can Provide Assistance
Texas Forest Service – Dean Ross 936 875 4786 or 936 639 8130 Can Assist
57
RELEASE OF LIABILITY
I,________________________, hereby agree to conduct myself in a safe and professional manner
while participating in the Controlled Prescribed Burning Program at Armand Bayou Nature Center. I
have attended Prescribed Burn Class and agree to follow the procedures as outlined in the class and the
instruction of ABNC personnel in the field. I will not hold ABNC liable for any injuries or accidents
while participating in this program. I understand that there are serious risks involved with this type of
activity.
Signed_____________________________________
For minors only:
I,______________________, being the parent/guardian of ________________________hereby give
my son/daughter permission to participate in the Controlled Prescribed Burning Program at Armand
Bayou Nature Center. I understand that there are serious risks involved with this type of activity and
will not hold ABNC liable for any injuries or accidents while participating in this program.
Signed_____________________________________
58
ABNC PRESCRIBED BURN
PRESCRIPTION
Date of Burn:_____________
Location:
Armand East
Burn Unit:_____
Armand West
Acres to Burn:_____
Taylor West
Previous Burn:_____
Taylor East
Previous Mow:_____
Stand Description:___________________________________________________________
Fuel Description:____________________________________________________________
Possible Smoke Sensitive Areas:________________________________________________
Special Precautions:__________________________________________________________
PREPARATION
Personnel Needs:____________________________________________________________
Equipment Needs:
Fire Flaps
John Deere 5510 tractor
Fire Rakes
5-gallon backpack pumps
60-gallon trailer mounted sprayer
250 gallon brush truck
Pre-Burn Notifications Complete?
Kawasaki ATV
Y
10-gallon spot sprayer
John Deere ATV
N
WEATHER FACTORS
Surface Winds:________________________
Maximum Temperature:__________
Minimum Relative Humidity:____________
Start Time:_____________________
All Out:______________________
PERSONNEL
Fire Boss:__________________________________________________________________
Other ABNC Staff:___________________________________________________________
ABNC Volunteers and Other:
NAME (and Safety Briefing?)
NAME (and Safety Briefing?)
____________________________________
_____________________________________
____________________________________
_____________________________________
____________________________________
_____________________________________
____________________________________
_____________________________________
____________________________________
_____________________________________
59
Unit Map
BURN SUMMARY:_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Designated Fire Boss:______________________________ Field Notes Reference:_______________
Date:_____________________________
POST BURN EVALUATION
Remarks:___________________________________________________________________________
60
APPENDIX E: A PLANT CHECKLIST OF A HARRIS
COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DETENTION BASIN
January 2001
By:
Larry E. Brown
Houston Community College
1300 Holman Avenue
Houston TX 77004
61
This checklist is dedicated to Ralph Taylor of the Harris County Flood Control District
for his interest in the local flora, for encouraging the development of the checklist, and
for his discovery of one of the rarest Texas plants (Cyperus cephalanthus) in this
detention basin.
62
INTRODUCTION
The following is a checklist of all the vascular plants, native and introduced, that are present on the
Harris Flood Control Basin located south of Spencer Highway in Pasadena. The checklist is based
upon monthly trips beginning on 21 March 2000 and ending on 23 September 2000,
This site is a remnant native prairie positioned east of the Texas Chiropractic College and west of a
trailer park housing site. It is north of Little Vince Bayou and southeast of the Beltway /Spencer
Highway intersection. Prairie vegetation surrounds a detention basin that has been dug adjacent to the
chiropractic college to alleviate downtown flooding along Little Vince Bayou, which flows southeast
into Armand Bayou. The only other disturbance sites are a pipeline right of way across a section of the
site and a deposit of dirt fill along a portion of the pipeline right of way.
Most of the plant species are typical of a prairie including species that are found in
prairie pot hole wet habitats. Weedy species grow around and in the detention basin and on the deposit
of dirt.
During the seven months of fieldwork, the following habitats were identified along with some species
that are found only or mostly in these habitats.
Prairie: This is the largest plant community. The following are some of the plants of this
habitat, Manfreda virginica, Eryngium uccifolium, Ascepias verticillata, Ambrosia psilostachya, Atser
ericoides, Helianthus maximillani, Liatris pycnostachya, Pityopsis graminifolia, Sceleria ciliata, Dalea
candida var. candida, Krameria lanceolata, Bouteloua curtipendula, Coelorachis cylindrical,
Muhlenbergia capillaries, Schizachyrium scoparium, Salvia azure, Tridens strictus, Tripsacum
dactyloides, and Andropogon gerardii.
Plants of disturbed areas: These plants are in the detention basin depression, on fill dirt and
on the prairie margins. The typical plants are, Cynodon dactylon, Chloris canteria, Bothriochloa
ischaemem, Torilis arvensis, Torilis nodosa, Aster subulatus, Helianthis annuus, Hypichaeris
microcephala, Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus, Senecio tampicanus, Solidago Canadensis, Sonchis asper,
Medicago lupulina, M. polymorpha, Trifolium repens, Alllim canadense, Ambrosia trifida, Paspalum
urvillei, and Nothoscordium.
Plants of wet flood control ditches: Some plants here are, Alternanthera philoxeroides,
Ludwigia peploides and Amaranthus rudis.
Plants of the prairie wetlands: Some of the plants here are, Acmella oppositifolia, Panicum
virgatum, Sagittaria (two species), Justicia ovata, Carex crus-ccorvii, Carew lupulina, Cyperis
cephalanthus, Spartina pectinata, Cyperus haspan, Sesbania drummondii, Leersia hexandra, and
Paspalum lividum.
63
The following are significant plant finds and some comments about their significance:
Aster ericoides L. This is a rare species in the Houston area. It is usually found only in pristine
prairies.
Eupatoriom hyssopufolium L. This is another rare species in the Houston area. It is found only
in high quality prairies.
Cyperus cephalanthus T. & H. This is one of the rarest plants in Texas, if not the rarest. It was
first discovered in Texas in 1835 near Galveston Bay with the exact locality unknown. It has not been
seen since in Texas until Ralph Taylor discovered a population at this site in 1999. In 1993, Carter and
McInnis published a status report on this species and reported 18 sites in the Louisiana coastal prairies.
In Texas, they searched for it in the coastal prairies of Chambers and Harris counties but without
success. Because of the construction pending at the detention basin, Ralph Taylor has transferred most
of the plants of this species to the nursery at the Greens Bayou Mitigation Bank, where they are now
growing. After the proposed construction is completed here, it may be possible to transfer some plants
back to the original site.
Trifolium pratense L. This is my first Harris County collection of this agronomic clover. In
the northern states it is planted for pasture improvement. A few plants were growing along the
detention basin and arrived here probably in a ground cover seed mixture.
Krameria lanceolata Torr. In the Houston area this prostrate herb with orchid-like flowers has
been found in Harris and Waller counties. This is the second Harris County collection.
Cuphea glutinosa Cham & Schlecht. This is the first Harris County record for this prostrate
herb that is native to South America.
Bothriochloa Exaristata (Nash) Henr. This grass, endemic to coastal prairies in southeast
Texas and southwest Louisiana, is on the watch list of Texas most endangered species list. This is on
of the few Harris county sites.
Coelorachis cylindrical (Michx.) Nash This is another rare prairie grass species. This is the
second Harris County record in the SBSC herbarium. The other collection is east of this site from a
prairie along Spencer Highway near the intersection with Center Street.
Spartina pectinata. This is an extremely rare prairie grass in Harris County and apparently in
Texas. I surveyed the Tracy Herbarium at Texas A&M University and found only two 1930
collections from two counties in the Texas panhandle. In Harris County, this typical northern prairie
pot hole species is found in the upper headwaters of the Armand Bayou drainage system. The other
local records are to the southeast near the intersection of Beltway 8 and Fairmont Parkway. Here one
plant shared a low moist area with Cyperus cephalanthus. The coordinates of the site are 29o39’39”N
and 95o08’50”W.
64
The species list beginning on page six is arranged alphabetically by family, genus and species. The
first two columns indicates the origin, i.e. N for those plants that are native to the United States, I for
the non-native usually woody taxa. The second two columns indicates the form, i.e. woody or
herbaceous. The third three columns indicates the principal flowering season, i.e. V for vernal (from
late February to June), S for summer (from June through August), F for fall (from September through
November and W for winter (December through early February). None of our species have their
principal flowering period in winter.
Table 1 indicates that 56 families, 183 genera and 291 species were found during the study period from
March 2000 through September 200. The five largest families are the Poaceae with 33 genera and 63
species, the Asteracea with 32 genera and 47 species, the Cyperacae with 6 genera and 30 species, the
Fabacea with 14 genera and 27 species and the Apiaceanae with 11 genera and 12 species.
The number of families (56) and species (291) on this small site in southern Harris County are
comparable to the 108 families and 599 species on the larger 256 acres Mercer Arboretum along
Cypress Creek in the northern portion of the county. The smaller detention basin species is due to the
small size of the detention basin, the dominance of the prairie habitat and the absence of any
significant habitats.
65
TABLE 1
TAXANOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE FLORA
Family
Acanthaceae
Alismataceae
Amaranthaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Anacardiaceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Brassicaceae
Campanulaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Commrlinaceae
Convolvulaceae
Cornaceae
Cupressaceae
Cyperaceae
Ebenaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Gentianaceae
Geraniaceae
Hypericaceae
Iidaceae
Juglandaceae
Juncaceae
Krameriaceae
Liliaceae
Lythraceae
Malvaceae
Moraceae
Myricaceae
Oleaceae
Onegraceae
Orchidaceae
Oxalidaceae
Passifloraceae
Plantaginaceae
Genera
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
1
1
6
1
4
14
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
66
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
4
1
1
30
1
7
27
2
1
2
5
1
6
1
2
3
4
1
1
4
5
1
2
1
3
Species
Poaceae
Polygonaceae
Primulaceae
Ranunculaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rosaceae
Salicaceae
Sapindaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Solanaceae
Sterculiaceae
Typhaceae
Ulmaceae
Urticaceae
Valerianaceae
Verbenaceae
Vitaceae
33
2
1
3
1
2
2
1
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
54
5
1
3
1
3
2
1
4
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
FAMILIES
GENERA
SPECIES
Total 56
183
291
67
LITERATURE
The scientific names in this reported are largely derived from one or more of the following
publications.
Carter, R. and N. McInnes. 1993. A final sstatus report for Cyper cephalanthus. Published by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Office. Jackson Mississippi.
Orrell, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research
Foundation. Renner, Texas
Diggs, G.M., B.L. Lipscomb, and R.J. O’Kennon. 1999. Illustrated flora of north central Texas. Sida
Botanical Miscellany, No. 16:1 – 1626.
Jones, S.D., J.K. Wipff, & P.M. Montomery. 1997. Vascular Plants of Texas. University of Texas
Press. Austin, Texas
Hatch, S.N., K.N. Gandhi, and L.E. Brown. 1989. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Texas. The
Texas Agricultural Experimental Station. Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
Kartesz, J.T. 1994 A Synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of United States, Greenland and
Canada. Two vols. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon
Wunderlin, R.P. 1998 Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida.
Gainesville, Florida
68