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Name: _______________
Last
_______________
First
ID#___________________________
Lab. Date and Time____________________
Lab. TA____________________
Biological Sciences 1B – Dr. Herrlinger
Summer Sessions I 1998
Midterm 2
July 24, 1998
Please Read the Instructions First
Check your pages. There are 10 pages in this exam.
You are responsible for making sure that you have all the pages.
This examination is worth 85 points.
Write your name, ID#, and Lab. Section on your scantron.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Indicate your answers on the scantron sheet using a number 2 or test scoring pencil. Press
heavily, don’t stray out of the margins, and completely erase any changed answers.
2. If you think that a multiple choice question is ambiguous or confusing, use the “gripe sheet” at
the end of the examination to explain the problem.
3. There are 30 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each.
Fill-in Questions
1. Use pen only (no grade corrections for pencil or white–out).
2. Write only one answer per question. You can elaborate on an answer, but you will not be
given any credit if you write two different answers to the question.
3. Spelling rules: ½ credit for 2–3 letters wrong or transposed. No points will be given if the
misspelling alters the meaning of the word.
4. There are 11 fill–in questions worth 25 points in total.
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Choose the one best answer:
1. Which of the following are useful in inferring phylogenetic relationships among different
taxa?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
analogous structures
embryological features
homologous structures
both b and c
all of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT true of ammonites?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
They are closely related to Nautilus.
They had thin, lightweight shells and swam near the surface of the ocean.
Their shells were streamlined and contained gas pockets.
They were preyed upon by mososaurs.
They were very abundant during the Triassic period (230-192 mya).
3. Development in the Phylum Porifera
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
never stops
stops at the archenteron stage
stops at the blastula stage
stops at the gastrula stage
stops with schizocoely
4. Mesoglea is found in which of the following phyla?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Annelida
Arthropoda
Cnidaria
Mollusca
Porifera
5. A single–celled animal is limited in size by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the amount of food it can find
the amount of oxygen that can diffuse into the cell
the amount of water that can be expelled
the amount of water that can be taken in
the size of its parents
6. Within the Hydrozoan life cycle, the __________ stage reproduces asexually while the
__________ stage reproduces sexually.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
clonal; solitary
medusa; polyp
motile; sessile
polyp; medusa
solitary; colonial
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7. Which of the following is NOT true about colonies?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Colonies allow for specialization in function.
Colonies of polymorphic individuals can consist of more than a single morph.
Individuals of a colony only reproduce asexually.
Individuals of a colony are genetically identical to the other individuals within the same
colony.
e. All of the above are true statements about colonies.
8. The tegument found in parasitic flatworms may function in the following ways EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
aids in reproduction
protection against the host’s digestive juices
protection against the host’s immune system
site of gas exchange
site of nutrient absorption
9. The mantle of molluscs is important because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
it encloses the mantle cavity
it secretes the protective shell
respiratory structures are derived from the mantle
all of the above
only a and b
10. In which class of molluscs are the ctenidia enlarged for use in both feeding and respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Gastropoda
Polyplacophora
None of the above
11. All arthropods share all of the following characters EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
articulated appendages
hard, chitinous exoskeleton
homonomous or heternomous segmentation
protostome development
tracheal system
12. What is the name of the cell Poriferans use for feeding?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
asconoid
choanocyte
enterocoel
gastrozooid
teloblast
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13. Schizocoelous development
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
has cells budding off ectoderm to form the gastrula
is characteristic of deuterostomes
occurs in diploblastic organisms
results in coelomate animals
none of the above
14. Which of the following is a correct statement about annelids?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
All leeches are parasitic.
All annelids have setae.
Most oligochaetes are dioecious.
Most polychaetes have a clitellum.
Oligochaetes and leeches have no larval stage.
15. Most crustaceans have
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a terrestrial life stage
a trochophore larva
malpighian tubules
two pairs of antennae
uniramous appendages
16. Which of the following taxa contain species with a complete gut?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Anthozoa
Hirudinea
Hydrozoa
Platyhelminthes
Porifera
17. Which of the following is NOT present in Scyphozoans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cnidae
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm
mesoglea
18. The Subphylum Crustacea includes which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
horseshoe crabs
mites
pill bugs
scorpions
spiders
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19. Leuconoid sponges exhibit the most efficient design because they
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
are small and compact
have a complex network of chambers and canals
have decreased their surface to volume ratio
have multiple tissue layers
utilize the Principle of Parsimony
20. A defining characteristic in the Class Cestoda is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
lack of parapodia and setae
loss of the radula
presence of a clitellum
presence of a head
syncytial tegument
21. True or False. No living cephalopod possesses an internal calcium carbonate shell.
A. True
B. False
22. A chitinous exoskeleton in arthropods is advantageous because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
it is soft and flexible for efficient maneuverability
it limits overall size
it provides protection from predators
it requires molting for body growth
the calcium salts in the exoskeleton buffer the salinity of seawater
23. Which of the following is characteristic of protostomes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
blastopore becomes the mouth
coelom forms by enterocoely
development ceases after gastrulation
development is indeterminate
radial cleavage
24. A piece of a sponge can be cut off, forced through a piece of cloth, and the cells will re–
associate to form a new small sponge because the cells are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
hermaphroditic
omnipotent
paedomorphic
teloblastic
totipotent
25. What feeding strategy do most members of the Class Polyplacophora employ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
filter–feeding
herbivory
parasitism
predation
scavenging
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26. One phylogenetic similarity between molluscs and annelids is the presence of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a heavy outer covering which is either a shell or chitinous exoskeleton
a reduced coelom
a trochophore larva
ctenidia
paired appendages
27. One advantage to an organism undergoing holometabolous metamorphosis is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
each life stage is resistant to parasitoids
mating can occur at any stage
of all the life stages, only one is susceptible to predation
the calcareous endoskeleton of the pupa protects the developing animal inside
the different life stages feed in different habitats
28. Annelids and arthropods are similar in that they both have
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a reduced coelom
an open circulatory system
external segmentation
septa between segments
tagmatization
29. Tropical ocean waters are typically poor in nutrients. Which statement best explains why
coral reefs are able to exist in what could be characterized as a nutritional desert?
a. Corals have a symbiotic association with zooxanthellae where they exchange waste
products.
b. Corals obtain nutrition from increased ultraviolet radiation at low latitudes near the
equator.
c. There are few predators that eat corals.
d. Tropical water is warm and coral metabolism is high.
e. both a and b
30. A hydrostatic skeleton would be characteristic of which of the following taxa?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Hirudinea
Hydrozoa
Polychaeta
Oligochaeta
all of the above
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Fill–in questions:
31. Are acorn barnacles monoecious or dioecious? Why would that be an advantage to this
organism in it’s adult habitat? (3 pts.)
32. Place the words below in order to indicate the correct developmental sequence, beginning
with the most primitive stage. (2 pts. – no partial credit)
blastula
1. _
_
cleavage
2. _
_
formation of the coelom
3. _
_
gastrula
4. _
_
zygote
5. _
_
33. a. How do cephalopods change the color of their body to match their surroundings?
(2 pts.)
b. Without hiding or changing their color, in what way can octopuses change their external
appearance? (1 pt.)
34. Give the Phylum, Class, and common name of the largest invertebrate on our planet.
(3 pts.)
35. Choose a phylum (other than Porifera) discussed in lecture and draw a cladogram including
at least three classes or subphyla. Label at least one definitive characteristic for each branch
of your tree. (4 pts.)
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36. Give two adaptations flatworms have adopted for a parasitic lifestyle and explain how they
are advantageous to the parasite. (2 pts.)
37. Draw the life cycle of a holometabolous insect and label each major life stage. (2 pts.)
38. Describe one way some gastropods have solved problems associated with torsion. (1 pt.)
39. The phylogenetic relationships among annelids, arthropods, and molluscs is unclear. Give
two definitive characteristics shared by annelids and molluscs and two definitive characters
shared by annelids and arthropods. (2 pts.)
Annelids and Molluscs
Annelids and Arthropods
1.
1.
2.
2.
40. Bright coloration in organisms usually warns of some defense. What defense do brightly
colored nudibranchs have against predation? (1 pt.)
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41. See the species of hypothetical lobsters pictured below:
a. Place the letter of each species in the appropriate location on the cladogram. Use species
A as your outgroup. (1½ pts.)
b. Label the character changes at the appropriate positions on your cladogram below using
the Principle of Parsimony to show the evolutionary relationship among the species.
(2½ pts.)
Character traits:
1 or 2 pairs of antennae
Normal or reduced claw size
Gain or loss of color in claws
Gain or loss of stripes
A
B
D
E
C
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Name: ___________________________
Last
First
ID#________________________
Gripe Sheet
Instructions:
1. Put your name at the top of the page.
2. If you think that a question is ambiguous or confusing, indicate the question number, the
answer you gave, and the reason that you gave this answer.
Question # Answer you gave
Gripe
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