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King Fahd University of Petroleum &Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Chapter P Vocabulary
Text book: College Algebra & Trigonometry
(Aufman/Barker/Nation – Fifth Edition)
By
Dr. A. Shawky Ibarhim
Mr. Luai Al-Labadi
Mr. Husam Sharqawi
Summer 2006
Real Numbers Related Vocabulary
‫ﻣﻔﺮدات ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
Natural numbers: {1,2,3,4,…}
‫اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
Whole numbers: {0,1,2,3,4,…}
‫اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
Integers: {…,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,…}
Terminating:
Nonterminating:
Decimal:
Repeating:
Repeating Decimal:
0.123123123…
‫اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬
‫ آﺴﺮ ﻋﺸﺮي ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬For example: 0.123 i.e.
Terminating Decimal ‫ آﺴﺮ ﻋﺸﺮي ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬For example: 0.6, 0.34, 0.22584,..
Nonterminating Decimal
0.121221222….
‫ آﺴﺮ ﻋﺸﺮي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬For example: 0.216596…,
Rational numbers:
(‫اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ )اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬
{all terminating decimals, repeating decimals, or numbers which can be written in the
form
p
5
11
, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0 } For example: 3.56, 2.18, , − , ...
q
2
13
numbers (‫{ اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ )اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬all nonterminating nonrepeating decimals}
Irrational
For example: 12.315845690..., 2 , 3 5 , π (‫ )ط‬, Notice that any irrational number cannot be
written in the form
p
where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
q
Real numbers:
Prime numbers:
‫اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
{ all rational and irrational numbers}
‫{ اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,…}
Composite numbers: ‫اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻐﻴﺮ أوﻟﻴﺔ‬
{ 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, …}
Fraction: (‫آﺴﺮ)ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺪدﻳﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻴﻦ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺎوي اﻟﻤﻘﺎم ﺻﻔﺮ‬
Any number in the form
For example:
p
, where p and q are integers, q ≠ 0 .
q
3 2 121
,
,
, ...
2 15 122
Chapter P Vocabulary
P.1
absolute value
addition
additive inverse
associative property
closure property
commutative
constant
denominator
describe
determine
difference
distributive
property
division
element
empty (null) set
(φ )
equation
equality
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻻﻧﻐﻼق‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎم‬
‫ﻳﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺪد‬
‫ﻓﺮق‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ‬
number line
numerator
perform
product
properties
quotient
reflexive
repeating decimal
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
set
sum
Sign:+, -
(φ )
‫ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬
expression
factor (n)
finite
identity element
inequalities
infinite
intersection
→
→
inverse
multiplication
‫ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬multiplicative inverse
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻲ‬
‫ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﺞ‬reciprocal
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
equivalent
5
6
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻂ اﻷﻋﺪاد‬
‫ﺑﺴــﻂ‬
‫أﻧﺠﺰ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫إﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫آﺴﺮ ﻋﺸﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ‬
- ،+ ‫إﺷﺎرة‬
simplify
statement
‫ﺑَﺴّــﻂ‬
‫ ﻋﺒﺎرة‬/ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
subset
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﻃﺮح‬
‫رﻣــﺰ‬
( ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ) ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﺘ ٍﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﻳﺪ‬
substitution
subtraction
symbol
symmetry
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻻ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
terminating
transitive
union
numerator
denominato r
‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺮب‬
‘2 is an element of C’
2∈ C
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫إﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫إﺗﺤﺎد‬
set A is a subset of set B
A⊆B
5 is a factor of 20 since
5 × 4 = 20
if a ÷ b = c then
a is the dividend ( ‫)اﻟﻤﻘﺴﻮم‬, b is the
divisor ( ‫ )اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬and c is the
quotient
a<b
‘ a is less than b ’
b ‫ اﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ‬a
a>b
a≥b
' a is greater than b ’
b ‫ اآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬a
‘ a is greater than or equal b ’
b ‫ اآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أو ﻳﺴﺎوي‬a
a≤b
‘ a is less than or equal b ’
b ‫ اﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ أو ﻳﺴﺎوي‬a
P.2
base
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
evaluate
‫أوﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
exponent
cube root
radicals
restriction
‫أس‬
3
‫اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﺘﻜﻌﻴﺒﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺬور‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
square root
‫اﻟﺠﺬر أﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻌﻲ‬
undefined
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮف‬
simplest form
‫أﺑﺴﻂ ﺻﻮرة‬
rationalize
‫إﻧﻄﺎق‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ‬/ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎر‬
b
‘square root of b’
P.3
scientific notation
3
b
‘cube root of b’
polynomial
binomial
coefficient
constant term
degree
like terms
‫آﺜﻴﺮة ﺣﺪود‬
‫ذو ﺣﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫درﺟﺔ‬
monomial
‫ﺣﺪ واﺣﺪ‬
Standard from
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
substitute
term
‫ﺣﺪ‬
trinomial
‫ذو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﺪود‬
‫ﺣﺪود ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‬
P.4
algebraic concepts
‫ﻣﻔﺎهﻴﻢ ﺟﺒﺮﻳﺔ‬
apply
assume
common factor
consecutive
cube root
difference of two cubes
difference of two squares
distinct
‫ﻳﻄﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮض‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﺘﻜﻌﻴﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
factor (v)
factor by grouping
factoring
factoring over integers
‫ﺣﻠﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺄﻋﺪاد‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ هﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫هﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
factorization
theorem
geometric figure
geometry
greatest common
factor (GCF)
illustrate
nonfactorable
perfect cube
perfect square
prime numbers
procedure
quadratic in form
quadratic trinomials
ax2+bx+c
reduce
region
require
shaded portion
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك اﻷآﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ آﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ آﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫أﻋﺪاد أوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻌﻴﺔ ذو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪود‬
‫ ﻳﺨﻔﺾ‬،‫ﻳﻘﻠﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‬
special factoring
sum of two cubes
area
trial method
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﺎص‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ‬
P.5
applications
arithmetic operations
‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬equivalent expressions
‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬least common factor (LCD)
‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺮك‬
‫اﻷﺻﻐﺮ‬
common denominator
complex fraction
domain
eliminate
‫ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬
‫آﺴﺮ ﻣﺮآﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬
‫ﻳﺤﺬف‬
perform
properties
rational expressions
‫أﻧﺠﺰ‬
‫ﺧﻮاص‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرات آﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
imaginary part
real part
powers of i
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺘﺨﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
i ‫ﻗﻮى‬
standard form
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
P.6
complex numbers
conjugate
disjoint sets
imaginary number
‫اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬
( φ ‫)ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﺗﺨﻴﻠﻲ‬
z = x + iy
Complex number
‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮآﺐ‬
Some Geometric Figures:
Straight Line
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
Horizontal Line ‫ﺧﻂ أﻓﻘﻲ‬
Vertical Line
‫ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻮدي‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﺔ‬
Parallel Lines
‫اﻟﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
Number Line ‫ﺧﻂ أﻻﻋﺪاد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬
Right Angle Triangle
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬
Trapezoid
Rhombus ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف‬
Isosceles Triangle ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي‬
Equilateral Triangle ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي اﻷﺿﻼع‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ‬
a
a
a
Parallelogram
a
‫ﻣﺘﻮازي اﻻﺿﻼع‬
Square
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
a
b
b
‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
a
Rectangle ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬
Ellipse ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
Circle
‫داﺋﺮة‬
Hyperbola ‫ﻗﻄﻊ زاﺋﺪ‬