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Transcript
The
American Civil War
The Battle Of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh was fought from April 6-7 in 1862 between the Union and the
Confederacy during the Civil War. Prior to the battle, General Grant had captured Fort Henry
and Fort Donelson. These victories secured Kentucky for the Union and forced the
Confederate army under General Johnston to retreat from western Tennessee.
The Union forces were led by Generals Ulysses S. Grant and General Don Carlos Buell. The
Confederates were led by Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and General P.G.T. Beauregard.
Grant set up camp at Pittsburg Landing where he waited for reinforcements from General
Buell. The Confederates hoped to defeat the Union army before it could be reinforced by
General Don Carlos Buell’s Army, which was marching from Nashville. General Johnston
decided to surprise attack Grant before the two Union armies could join together.
On April 6, 1862, The Confederate army attacked the Union army at Pittsburg Landing. The
initial attack of the Confederates was very successful. A few Union soldiers held back the
Confederates in a sunken road that became known as the Hornet's Nest. This happened while
reinforcements from General Buell's army began to arrive. By the evening of April 6th, the
Union soldiers had reestablished lines of defense. The Confederates had won the day, but not
the battle. Confederate General Daniel Ruggle put together an attack into the areas of the
Sunken Road and the Hornet’s Nest. This allowed the confederates to bombard the Union’s
position, allowing the infantry to encircle and capture General Prentiss and nearly 21,000
Union Soldiers. Confederate General Albert Johnston was killed on the first day. Later in the
day, the Confederate troops became disorganized and the Union troops were able to establish a
defensive line. General P.G.T. Beauregard took command after General Johnston died.
Beauregard decided not to attack the Union the evening of Johnston’s death. He decided to
wait to attack until the next day. This decision gave Buell’s army and the remainder of Grant’s
troops time to get there and to provide reinforcements. General Buell’s men and a division of
Grant’s army under Major General Lewis Wallace finally arrived on the field. These two new
arrivals added 23,000 troops to the fight. Early in the morning, Buell and Grant’s combined
forces moved out, slowly forcing the Confederates back until they had retaken all the ground
lost the previous day. The Confederates continued in the battle until General Beauregard
realized that they were hopelessly outnumbered and ordered his soldiers to retreat. The Union
army won the battle.
The Battle of Shiloh was a costly battle with more than 23,000 casualties.