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Yourwebbrowser(Safari7)isoutofdate.Formoresecurity,comfortand thebestexperienceonthissite: Updateyourbrowser Ignore Activityengage SatelliteImageryandChange OverTime HowcansatelliteimageshelpustovisualizechangesinEarth’ssurface,both naturalandhuman-made? Overview Studentsviewsatelliteimagesofplacespastandpresentandanalyzethechanges overtime. Forthecompleteactivitywithmediaresources,visit: http://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/satellite-imagery-and-change-over-time/ Directions 1.DiscussdifferentwaystocaptureimagesofEarthfromabove. Haveawhole-classdiscussionabouthowit’spossibletocaptureimagesofEarth fromabove.ProjectthesatelliteimageofNewYorkCityandtheaerialimageof LaCrosse,Wisconsin.Ask:WhattechnologiesareusedtocaptureimagesofEarth fromabove?Writestudents’ideasontheboard;thesemayincludeplanes, helicopters,kitesorballoonswithcameras,andsatellites. 2.ExaminethechangesinLasVegas,Nevada,anditssurroundings. Tellstudentsthattheywillbelookingatchangesovertimeindifferentplaceson 1of10 Earthusingsatelliteimagery.ProjecttheGrowthintheDesertimageofLasVegas, Nevada,in2007andminimizethecaption.Invitevolunteerstopointtodifferent areasontheimageasyouusethepromptsbelow.Ask: Whereisthecity? Whatpatternsdoyouseeinthecity?(Straightlinesarestreets;thelayoutisa grid,withsomediagonalroads.) Whatdoesthelandlooklikeoutsideofthecity?(rugged,mountainous,likea desert) Whatlandformsdoyousee?(mountains,lakes) PointoutthattheblackareatotheeastofthecityisLakeMeade,areservoir createdbythedammingoftheColoradoRiver. Next,showtheside-by-sideimagesofLasVegas,Nevada,in1984andin2007 andminimizethecaption.Havestudentscalculatethenumberofyearsbetween thetwo(23).Ask: WhathaschangedinLasVegas,Nevada,since1984?(Thecityhasgrown.) Howmuchdoyouthinkthecityhasgrown:doubled,tripled,orquadrupled? (Theareaofurbandevelopmentlooksmorethanfourtimeslargerin2007than in1984.) HowhasLakeMeadechanged?(Itwassmallerin2007thanitwasin1984.) Whydoyouthinkthecityhasgrown?Whatwouldattractnewresidents? (Answerswillvarybutmayincludeabundantjobs,agrowingeconomy, affordablehousing,andanappealingclimate.) Inviteavolunteertoreadaloudthecaptionforthepairedimages.Explainthatthe populationofthecityofLasVegasgrewfromabout160,000in1970to600,000 in2010.ThecountiessurroundingthecityofLasVegashavealsogrownin population,sothewholeurbanareahasspread;thisiscalledurbansprawl.This largepopulationusesalotofwater,sothewaterlevelinLakeMeadehasbecome lowerduringthistime,too.Lowerrainfalllevelsthanusualhavealsoledtolower waterlevelsinthelake. 3.Analyzechangesingreenspace. 2of10 ShowstudentsthetwoimagesoftheareaofLaRioja,Argentina,in1984and 2013(almost30yearsapart)andminimizethecaption.Findthecityandthe mountainousarea—calledtheSierradelVelascomountainrange.Havea discussionabouthowthelandhaschangedbetween1984and2013.Ask: Whatisdifferentinthetwomaps?(Thecitywaslargerin2013;therewere moregreenareasoutsideofthecityin1984.) Inwhichdirectionwasthegrowthovertime,totheeastorwest?Whymight thatbeso?(Growthistotheeast,becausebuildinginthemountainsismore difficultthanonflatland.) Whatdoyouthinkthegreenspacesare?Whydoyouthinkthey’resogreen? (Theseareareasofagriculture;irrigationbringswatertotheseareas.) Inviteavolunteertoreadaloudthecaptionforthepairedimages.Havestudents comparetheinformationinthecaptiontotheclass’answers. 4.Discussthevalueofthesesatelliteviewsofplaces,pastandpresent. Talkabouthowthisimagerycanbeuseful.Ask:Whocanusethisimagery? Studentsmayhaveavarietyofideas;guidethemtorecognizethatpeoplewho managechangesincities—bothgovernmentandbusiness—canbemoreawareof thewidespreadchangestoanareawithviewslikethese.Peoplecanusethis imagerytoplanforfutureagriculture,building,andlandprotection.Theycanalso monitorweatherandclimate,andnaturalhazardssuchasfire,volcaniceruptions, flooding,andmore. Modification Iftimeallows,showsatelliteimagesofEarth'sPhysicalFeatures.Havestudents guesswhatandwherethesefeaturesare,andthenreadthecaptionsandfindthe locationsonaglobeormap. Modification InStep1,youcanalsoshowsatelliteimageryofyourstudents'townusingthe 3of10 MapMakerInteractive. Tip Whenprojectingthepairedsatelliteimagesforstudents,usethezoomfunction anddrag-and-droptomakesurestudentscanseethefullimages. Tip YoucanuseMapMakerInteractivetoshowstudentsthelocationoftheseplaces ontheworldmap.Talkabouthowthissatelliteimageryisdifferentfromthe imagestheyhavebeenviewing.Certainshadesofgreenareenhancedonthestill images,whilethesearemore“truecolor.” InformalAssessment Havestudentsviewadditionalpastandpresentsatelliteimagepairsfromthe LandsatGallery,suchasManila,inthePhilippines,orSanAntonio,Texas.Have themworkindependentlyorinpairstoanalyzethetwoimagesandcreateaTwoColumnchartwithexamplesofchangesinthecitythatcanbeobservedwith satelliteimagery.Havethemtitlethechartwiththelocationnameandeachcolumn withthedate. ExtendingtheLearning Havestudentsusesatelliteimageryoraerialphotographytoanalyzechangein theirhometownorstate.Contactyourlocalorstatehistoricalsocietyto requestdigitalimagesthatstudentscanusetocompareandcontrastwithwhat theyseeontheNationalGeographicMapMakerInteractive’ssatellitebaselayer. Havestudentscreateapostershowingchangesintheirstate’sortown’s developmentoverthepastthreeorfourdecades.Formorerecentchanges, studentscanalsouseGoogleEarth’shistoricalimagery(selecttheclockiconat top)toviewchangestothelocallandscapeinroughlythelastdecade. Inviteacityplannertospeaktoyourclassinpersonorviavideoconference, andrequestinadvancethattheytalkabouttheuseofsatelliteimageryaspart oftheplanningprocess.Askthemtoshowexamplesofusingsatelliteimagery 4of10 andothermappingtechnologiesintheirwork. Foranengineeringactivity,havestudentsresearchandbuildatooltodoaerial photographywithkiteorballoonmapping.Clickherefortipsonhowtobuild one. Havestudentsresearchotherareaswhereanalyzingsatelliteimageryovertime hasbeenveryimportant,suchasindisasterrelief,humanrightsmonitoring, andcombatinginvasivespecies. Objectives Subjects&Disciplines Geography Cartography LearningObjectives Studentswill: analyzefeaturesshownonsatelliteimages analyzechangesovertimeusingsatelliteimagery TeachingApproach Learning-for-use TeachingMethods Discussions Visualinstruction 5of10 SkillsSummary Thisactivitytargetsthefollowingskills: 21stCenturyStudentOutcomes LearningandInnovationSkills CommunicationandCollaboration CriticalThinkingSkills Understanding GeographicSkills AnalyzingGeographicInformation NationalStandards,Principles,andPractices NationalCouncilforSocialStudies CurriculumStandards •Theme2: Time,Continuity,andChange •Theme3: People,Places,andEnvironments NationalGeographyStandards •Standard1: Howtousemapsandothergeographicrepresentations,geospatialtechnologies, andspatialthinkingtounderstandandcommunicateinformation •Standard14: Howhumanactionsmodifythephysicalenvironment •Standard3: Howtoanalyzethespatialorganizationofpeople,places,andenvironmentson Earth'ssurface 6of10 •Standard4: Thephysicalandhumancharacteristicsofplaces TheCollege,Career&CivicLife(C3) FrameworkforSocialStudiesStateStandards •GeographicRepresentations:SpatialViewsoftheWorld:D2.Geo.2.3-5: Usemaps,satelliteimages,photographs,andotherrepresentationstoexplain relationshipsbetweenthelocationsofplacesandregionsandtheirenvironmental characteristics. •GeographicRepresentations:SpatialViewsoftheWorld:D2.Geo.2.6-8: Usemaps,satelliteimages,photographs,andotherrepresentationstoexplain relationshipsbetweenthelocationsofplacesandregions,andchangesintheir environmentalcharacteristics. •Human-EnvironmentInteraction:Place,Regions,andCulture:D2.Geo.5.3-5: Explainhowtheculturalandenvironmentalcharacteristicsofplaceschangesover time. Preparation WhatYou’llNeed MaterialsYouProvide Paper Pencils,pens RequiredTechnology InternetAccess:Required TechSetup:1computerperclassroom,1computerperpair,Projector 7of10 PhysicalSpace Classroom Grouping Large-groupinstruction ResourcesProvided:Websites USGS:LandsatMissions—ViewWorldCities ResourcesProvided:Handouts&Worksheets Two-ColumnChart ResourcesProvided:Images NewYorkCity LaCrosse,Wisconsin GrowthintheDesert:LasVegas—2007 GrowthintheDesert:LasVegas—1984and2007 LaRioja,Argentina—1984and2013 Background&Vocabulary BackgroundInformation SatelliteimageryhasdramaticallychangedhowwelookatEarth’ssurfacefrom above.TheU.S.governmentfirstlauncheditsLandSatsatellitesintheearly1970s tocapturedataaboutthegloballandscape.Priorto1970,aerialphotographyfrom airplaneswasthecommonmethodforacquiringimagesofEarth’ssurface.Areas 8of10 thatcouldbephotographedfromaplane,though,wereonamuchsmallerscale thanimagesthatcouldbecreatedfromsatellitesmovingoutinspace. TheLandsatsatelliteshavecapturedimagesofEarthsince1972.Thesegivea long-termrecordofbothnaturalandhuman-inducedchangesonEarth’ssurface. Comparingandcontrastingimagesfromdifferentyearsshowsbothslow,subtle changesandalsorapidanddevastatingones. PriorKnowledge [] RecommendedPriorActivities None Vocabulary Term aerial imagery Partof noun agriculturenoun climate Definition Speech noun irrigation noun landform noun mapskills noun mountain noun range photographs,maps,andothervisualinformationbasedon visualdatatakenfromhighintheatmosphere,usuallyina plane. theartandscienceofcultivatingthelandforgrowingcrops (farming)orraisinglivestock(ranching). allweatherconditionsforagivenlocationoveraperiodof time. wateringland,usuallyforagriculture,byartificialmeans. specificnaturalfeatureontheEarth'ssurface. skillsforreadingandinterpretingmaps,fromlearningbasic mapconventionstoanalyzingandcomprehendingmapsto addresshigher-ordergoals. seriesorchainofmountainsthatareclosetogether. 9of10 Term natural Partof Speech noun hazard population noun satellite satellite imagery urban urban sprawl noun noun Definition eventinthephysicalenvironmentthatisdestructivetohuman activity. totalnumberofpeopleororganismsinaparticulararea. objectthatorbitsaroundsomethingelse.Satellitescanbe natural,likemoons,ormadebypeople. photographsofaplanettakenbyorfromasatellite. adjectivehavingtodowithcitylife. noun unplannedlow-densitydevelopmentsurroundinganurban areathatoftenstartsasruralland.Alsocalledsuburban sprawl. ForFurtherExploration Images NationalGeographicEducation:Collection—SatelliteImagery Websites NASAEarthObservatory:HowtoInterpretaSatelliteImage USGS:TrackingChangeOverTime GrowthofLasVegas,Nevada ©1996–2017NationalGeographicSociety.Allrightsreserved. 10of10