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Protista Biology 2 Sunday, February 10, 2013 3 Domains Domain Eukarya Plants Fungi Animals Protists Domain Bacteria Bacteria Archaea Domain Archaea Sunday, February 10, 2013 Domain/Kingdom Bacteria • • • prokaryotic • a few autotrophic - cyanobacteria, chemoautotrophs peptidoglycan in cell walls mostly heterotrophic species - pathogens, saprotrophs, mutualistic Sunday, February 10, 2013 Domain/Kingdom Archaea • • • • prokaryotic no peptidoglycan in cell wall branched phospholipids many extremophiles - methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles Sunday, February 10, 2013 Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotic = have nucleus • Single-cells or groups of similar cells. • Variety of feeding types • Sex cells not contained in organs. Sunday, February 10, 2013 Protist Evolution: Endosymbiotic Theory Textbook Fig. 21.1 •Protists obtained mitochondria and chloroplasts when cells engulfed prokaryotic cells. •Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membrane and their own DNA •Inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to prokaryotes, outer membrane to eukaryotes Sunday, February 10, 2013 Kingdom Protista • Animal-like - Protozoa • Fungi-like - Water Molds & Slime Molds • Plant-like - Algae Sunday, February 10, 2013 Algae •Photosynthetic •Generally aquatic •Several phyla Sunday, February 10, 2013 • Green Algae Chlorophyll a & b (same as plants) Chlorophytes Often flagellated, single, colony Chlamydomonas Ulva fig 21.5 Volvox fig 21.5 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Charophytes Filaments, reproduce like plants Spirogyra fig 21.8 Stonewort Chara Red Algae • multicellular “sea weeds” • chlorophyll & red & blue pigments • source of agar • source of carrageenin fig 21.10 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Brown Algae • • multicellular “sea weeds” Brown pigment as well as chlorophyll Fucus Sunday, February 10, 2013 Diatoms • Brown pigment • Silicon cell wall “etched glass” fig 21.12 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Dinoflagellates • Single cells • Plate-like armor (cellulose, silicon) • Flagella in grooves horizontal, vertical Sunday, February 10, 2013 fig 21.12 Dinoflagellate - Pfeisteria “The Cell from Hell” Amoeboid form Sunday, February 10, 2013 Flagellate form Encysted form Red Tide Dinoflagellate - Gymnodinium • • • produces neurotoxin can cause massive fish kills humans - paralytic shellfish poisoning (stops respiration) fig 21.15 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Animal - Like Protists The Protozoa unicellular classified by movement Sunday, February 10, 2013 Ciliates • • Move by cilia Engulf food - oral groove Paramecium Stentor fig 21.16 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Euglenoids • • • 2 flagella - 1 long and 1 short eyespot most autotrophic Euglena Phacus fig 21.18 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Diplomonads • Flagella • 2 nuclei Giardia - Giardosis fig 21.19 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Kinetoplastids • flagellum along membrane • kinetoplast - mass of DNA in mitochondria fig 21.20 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Trypanosoma African Sleeping Sickness Choanoflagellates • flagellum within collar fig 21.23 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Amoeboids • • Move by pseudopods Feed by phagocytosis Amoeba fig 21.21 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Entamoeba - amoebic dysentery Other Amoeboids • thin pseudopods and test fig 21.24 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Apicomplexans • • • Parasitic Non-motile Apical complex - organelle present at tip when infective Plasmodium - malaria Toxoplasma - litter box disease fig 21.17 Sunday, February 10, 2013 Fungi-Like Protists The Water Molds fig 21.14 • • many decomposers (saprotrophs) some parasitic Sunday, February 10, 2013 Water Molds potato blight Sunday, February 10, 2013 Fungi-Like Protists Slime Molds Sunday, February 10, 2013
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