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MIDDLE WB Cover 8/2/07 11:45 AM Page 1 BLAKE’S WORD BANK by Peter Clutterbuck Middle Primary Blake's Word Bank is an essential teaching resource which will enrich your language lessons and provide word lists for all your needs—planning lessons, designing classroom activities, and extension, reinforcement and enrichment work. The word lists are grouped in four sections for ease of use: Sounds—including vowel sounds, digraphs and blends. Spelling—including homophones, compound words, plurals and frequently misspelt words. Grammar—including common and abstract nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Vocabulary—including synonyms, antonyms, anagrams and thematic word lists. Also available: Blake’s Word Bank Lower Primary Blake’s Word Bank Upper Primary Peter Clutterbuck Other series by Peter Clutterbuck Grammar with a Grin Good Grammar! Spelling Success! Understanding Science ISBN 978-1-86509-772-5 9 781865 097725 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 2 © Peter Clutterbuck and Blake Education 2000 Reprinted 2007 Blake’s Word Bank: Middle ISBN-13: 978 1 86509 772 5 ISBN-10: 1 86509 772 1 Blake Education Locked Bag 2022 Glebe NSW 2037 www.blake.com.au Publisher: Sharon Dalgleish Editors: Diana Grivas and Tricia Dearborn Designed by Jobi Murphy Illustrated by Judi Forshaw Printed by Bekaam Printers Reproduction and communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 19, 157 Liverpool Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 E-mail: [email protected] Reproduction and communication for other purposes Except as permitted under the Act (for example a fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above. 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 3 Contents—An Overview Detailed List of Contents How to Use Blake’s Word Bank 4 8 Part One—Sounds 45 Sounds of the English Language Vowel Sounds Vowel Digraphs Consonant Digraphs Consonant Blends Other Consonant Sounds Some Other Important Sounds Part Two—Spelling 12 13 15 26 39 47 62 66 69 70 74 75 77 79 84 85 87 88 The 200 Most Used Words Homophones Compound Words Silent Letters Words with Double Consonants Contractions Plurals Frequently Misspelt Words Graded Word Lists Part Three—Grammar 93 94 99 101 101 103 105 105 Nouns Pronouns Prepositions Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions Part Four—Vocabulary 106 107 109 110 112 Synonyms Antonyms Thematic Word Lists Anagrams Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 3 a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 26 Vowel Digraphs Note: A digraph is a pair of letters representing a single sound. ‘ai’ = long /a/ sound afraid ail bail braid brain chain claim contain daily dainty daisy drain faint faith gain grain hail maid paid paint plain praise raid railway raise sailing sailor snail Spain straight stain strain trail train wail wait ‘ay’ = long /a/ sound always bray crayon delay display 26 Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary dray holiday playful pray relay slay spray stay stray sway today a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 35 Vowel Digraphs—‘oo’ Sounds Note: ‘oo’ can represent two sounds: (i) long /oo/ sound as in boot and pool (ii) short /oo/ sound as in book and wood. ‘oo’ = long /oo/ sound afternoon bloom boom boost choose cocoon coop doom drool droop foolish goose hoop hooves loom loot loop loose mood proof rooster school scoop shoot smooth snoop snooze stool tooth troop zoom ‘oo’ = short /oo/ sound brook crook rook shook soot woollen Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 35 a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 43 Consonant Digraphs —Final and Medial ‘ch’ Sounds Note: ‘ch’ can represent two main sounds: (i) /ch/ sound as in rich (ii) /k/ sound as in school. ‘ch’ = /ch/ sound beach beech bleach church coach couch leech peach perch poach reach search speech starch teach touch ‘ch’ = /k/ sound stomach Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 43 a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 59 Consonant Blends —Final and Medial /lk/ blend bulk elk hulk ilk polka skulk sulk whelk /lp/ blend gulp kelp pulp scalp yelp /lt/ blend adult catapult difficult quilt result spoilt Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 59 a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 69 Part Two Spelling Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 69 a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 70 The 200 Most Used Words First 100 Most Used Words The following twelve words make up on average one quarter of all reading and writing: a and he I in is it of that the to was The following 20 words together with the twelve words in the list above make up, on average, one third of all reading and writing: all are as at be but for 70 Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary had have him his not on one said so they we with you a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 71 The 200 Most Used Words First 100 Most Used Words The following 68 words together with the 32 above are the 100 most used words and make up one half of all reading and writing: about an back been before big by call came can come could did do down first from get go has her here if into just like little look made make more me much must my no new now off old only or other our out over right see she some their them then there this two up want well went were what when where which who will your Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 71 a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 72 The 200 Most Used Words The Next 100 Most Used Words after again always am animal another any ask asleep away bad because best bird black blue boy bring cool day 72 Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary dog don’t eat every far fast father fell find five fly found four gave girl give going good got green hand have head help home house how jump keep know last left let live long man many may men mother a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 73 The 200 Most Used Words The Next 100 Most Used Words (continued) once open own play put ran read red room round run sat saw say school should sing sit soon step take tell than these thing think three time too tree under us very walk white why wish work would year Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 73 a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 74 Homophones Note: Homophones are words that sound the same but have different spellings and different meanings. band blue bored bow bread break cheap chews coarse creek days dear father find fir flower grown hair hall heard hole hour 74 banned blew board bough bred brake cheep choose course creak daze deer farther fined fur flour groan hare haul herd whole our Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary leak leek loan lone main mane mind mined need knead nose knows pale pail past passed peer pier peace piece peel peal plain plane pray prey rain rein reign rap wrap raw roar read red read reed ring wring ring wring roll role rose rows seem seam seen scene so sew sow sole soul some sum stairs stares steak stake steal steel tax tacks tea tee tear tier there their toe tow wait weight waste waist way weigh where wear ware which witch wood would write right rite you ewe yew a a aaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 75 Compound Words Note: Compound words are two or more words joined together to make one new word. What you join Compound word noun + noun rainbow, hailstorm adjective + noun blackbird, barefoot noun + adjective footloose, headstrong preposition + noun outboard, inside verb + noun spoilsport, cutthroat verb + adverb farewell, walkover airline alongside anywhere armchair backbone backyard baseball basketball beehive campfire candlestick cannot carport chalkboard crossroads crossword daybreak daytime doorbell downhill driveway eggshell everybody everywhere farewell farmhouse fingerprint firewood fireworks flagpole footpath footprint gingerbread grasshopper halfway handshake handwriting headline highway hillside homemade homework Blake’s Word Bank 75 aaaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 94 Nouns Common Nouns Note: A common noun is the name of any ordinary thing you can see and touch. apple balloon banana barbecue basin basket belt bench bicycle blanket blinds bookcase broom building bus campfire candle carpet ceiling cinema cliff clothes coal coffee 94 Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary computer cupboard curtains cushion drain drawer drier farm floor flowers forest fountain garden glasses gravel ground gutter hammer harbour heater island jacket jumper jungle kitchen knife ladder lights lounge mall matches mattress metal mirror motorbike mountain nursery oranges paddock pencil petrol piano picture pillow planets plate plugs poster aaaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 107 Synonyms Note: A synonym is a word having the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word. adore ÷ love air ÷ atmosphere alter ÷ change annoy ÷ pester answer ÷ reply back ÷ rear be ÷ exist beach ÷ shore beautiful ÷ lovely blunt ÷ dull brave ÷ courageous bright ÷ brilliant brink ÷ edge buy ÷ purchase carpet ÷ rug centre ÷ middle certain ÷ sure chief ÷ leader choose ÷ select clever ÷ smart closed ÷ shut coarse ÷ rough collect ÷ gather comic ÷ funny cost ÷ price damage ÷ injure danger ÷ peril dead ÷ deceased dear ÷ expensive difficult ÷ hard dirty ÷ filthy dry ÷ arid dull ÷ boring eat ÷ consume empty ÷ vacant enemy ÷ foe error ÷ mistake except ÷ but exit ÷ leave fail ÷ flop fair ÷ just false ÷ untrue fat ÷ obese find ÷ discover flower ÷ blossom form ÷ shape funny ÷ humorous fur ÷ pelt gain ÷ profit gather ÷ collect gaze ÷ stare get ÷ obtain gem ÷ jewel grab ÷ seize great ÷ large groan ÷ moan harmless ÷ safe hate ÷ despise heal ÷ cure heavy ÷ weighty help ÷ aid here ÷ present huge ÷ large joy ÷ happiness keen ÷ sharp late ÷ tardy leave ÷ depart led ÷ guided like ÷ similar loose ÷ free low ÷ inferior Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 107 aaaa 97721_0207R1_Internals.qxd 8/2/07 1:51 PM Page 111 Thematic Word Lists Feelings and Words to Describe Feelings afraid boredom cheerful confused content cranky crushed delicate envious excited fearful flustered frantic frightened furious gloomy glum guilty hesitant interested jealous jolly merry moody nervous proud sadness sorrow selfish serious spite sulky tender tense terrified thrilled timid unhappy worried Plants buttercup carnation clover lavender poplar primrose tulip violet wattle Food apricot beetroot biscuit cabbage celery crumpet doughnut hamburger lemonade lettuce popcorn sausage strawberry tomato turkey Blake’s Word Bank—Middle Primary 111 MIDDLE WB Cover 8/2/07 11:45 AM Page 1 BLAKE’S WORD BANK by Peter Clutterbuck Middle Primary Blake's Word Bank is an essential teaching resource which will enrich your language lessons and provide word lists for all your needs—planning lessons, designing classroom activities, and extension, reinforcement and enrichment work. The word lists are grouped in four sections for ease of use: Sounds—including vowel sounds, digraphs and blends. Spelling—including homophones, compound words, plurals and frequently misspelt words. Grammar—including common and abstract nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Vocabulary—including synonyms, antonyms, anagrams and thematic word lists. Also available: Blake’s Word Bank Lower Primary Blake’s Word Bank Upper Primary Peter Clutterbuck Other series by Peter Clutterbuck Grammar with a Grin Good Grammar! Spelling Success! Understanding Science ISBN 978-1-86509-772-5 9 781865 097725