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BIO 101 Lab Practical 2 Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration = glycolysis + citric acid cycle + oxidative phosphorylation Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water C6H12O6 6 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O + 36 ATP Reagents: Bromthymol blue dye - indicator dye, turns yellow in presence of CO2 Experiments o Exhaled air vs. room air - Independent variable, Dependent variable o Crickets vs. seedlings - Independent variable, Dependent variable o Plant in light versus dark - Independent variable, Dependent variable o Fermentation by yeast in glucose versus starch - Independent variable, Dependent variable, Control group Domain and kingdom of organisms used in experiments --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Taxonomy –classifying organisms Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens Scientific name = Genus and species Domain Archaea Rare prokaryotes, extreme environments Domain Bacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic Heterotroph Autotroph Saprotroph Binary fission Identify: Slides: Bacillus, Coccus, Spirillum shapes of bacteria Cyanobacteria (live culture) Agar plate - Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria –diameter of no growth area --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista For each Protista review its characteristics. If it moves, does it use flagella? Cilia? Is it photosynthetic? A parasite (what disease does it cause), does it have a “shell”, is it symbiotic with another organism, is it seaweed? Unicellular? Colonial? Multicellular? Trypanosoma – In blood, causes African sleeping sickness. Flagella Trichonympha -symbiont digests cellulose in wood for termite. Flagella Plasmodium – inside red blood cells, causes malaria Paramecium – cilia Euglena - chlorophyll, flagella Amoeba - pseudopods Physarum – yellow slime mold Diatom (silica shells) Foraminifera (calcium carbonate shells) Model paramecium – identify cilia, contractile vacuole, oral groove, nucleus 1 BIO 101 Lab Practical 2 Green Algae Unicellular green algae (Chlamydomonas) Colonial green algae (Volvox and Spirogyra) Multicellular green algae Identify specimen Brown Algae Multicellular, marine, seaweed Holdfast, blade, stipe Identify specimen Red Algae Identify specimen ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cell Division Onion root tip and whitefish blastula slides and photos. Identify features of each. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Terms and concepts Cell cycle = Interphase + Mitosis Haploid Cell plate Human diploid and haploid chromosome number Centriole Homologous chromosomes Centromere Metaphase plate Chromosomes condense Mitosis Cleavage furrow Mitotic spindle Cytokinesis Nuclear membrane (envelope) Daughter cell Parent cell Diploid Poles of cell Sister chromatids ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Heredity Terms and concepts Allele Dominant allele Dwarf and tall alleles (t and T) Gametes Gene Green and albino alleles (G and g) Heterozygous Homozygous dominant Homozygous recessive Multiple alleles (blood group I gene) Purple and yellow kernel color alleles (P and p) Recessive allele Complete Punnett square for one gene crosses Chi square chart -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gel Electrophoresis Agarose Analysis of results with respect to dye charge Electrophoresis technique with respect to charge and size of molecule, gel density, voltage Gel former and Comb Micropipetter Tank Standard curve 2