Download Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012 Overview

Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012
Overview:
We explore possible differences in pay between men and women in Human Resources positions,
comparing in a variety of different manners.
Both uncontrolled pay -- pay that is calculated without adjusting for outside compensable factors
such as job title, years of experience, company size, etc. -- and controlled pay are examined. The
controlled pay takes into account compensable factors other than gender, and calculates pay on a
level playing field, answering the question "if everything except gender was exactly the same, what
would the pay be?".
Additionally, we explore differences in education, age, stress, and satisfaction.
Definitions:
Total Cash Compensation (TCC): TCC combines base annual salary or hourly wage, bonuses, profit
sharing, tips, commissions, and other forms of cash earnings, as applicable. For example, when
overtime is typical for a given job, TCC also includes overtime pay. It does not include equity (stock)
compensation, cash value of retirement benefits, or value of other non-cash benefits (e.g.,
healthcare).
Years of Experience: These are the number of years the respondents has spent in the field/career.
Therefore the years of experience will incorporate all applicable jobs in the field, not just the current
job.
Uncontrolled Median Pay (Male or Female) : The median pay is the national median (50th
Percentile) annual total cash compensation. Half the people doing the job earn more than the
median, while half earn less.
In each case, the median pay for men and women are examined separately. Variables such as years
of experience and education are not controlled for. This provides a picture of the differences in
wages earned by men and women in an absolute sense.
Uncontrolled Percent Difference between Female and Male Pay: This is a percentage that shows
the difference in pay between male and female median pay. It is calculated by dividing the
difference between male and female median pay by median female pay. For example, HR Director
has a female median pay of $75,800 and a male median pay of $90,900. The uncontrolled percent
difference is ($90,900 - $75,800)/$75,800 = 20%. This means that male HR Directors have a median
pay that is 20% higher than female HR Directors.
Controlled Male Median Pay: Using our unique database and analytical tools, we estimate the
controlled median pay by adjusting for outside compensable factors across gender. These factors
include years of experience, education, company size, etc.
Note: In order to control for outside factors, we start with the typical characteristics of a female
worker in a job, then adjust the characteristics of the typical man in the job to match those of the
average woman. The result is the median pay calculated for the average man if they had the exact
same breakdown of compensable factors as the average woman.
Controlled Percent Difference between Female and Male Pay: This is the percent difference in
female median pay and controlled male median pay. It is a more accurate representation of pay
disparities by gender (if any exist) than comparing the uncontrolled median pay for men and
women.
The controlled percent difference is smaller than the uncontrolled percent difference in nearly every
case. This is because other factors outside of gender are affecting pay to inflate the male median pay
higher than it actually is when an apples-to-apples comparison is made. For example, a greater
percentage of men hold MBAs or other Masters degrees than women, which translates into higher
pay. Other compensable factors such as years of experience and company size also play a prominent
role.
Percent Male/Female: This is the percentage of employees for a given job title that are either male
or female.
Job Title
HR Assistant
HR Administrator
HR Generalist
All HR
HR Manager
HR Director
HR Vice President
$160,000
Uncontrolled
Uncontrolled
Median Female Median Male
Pay
Pay
$32,600
$33,600
$39,500
$40,200
$45,700
$46,100
$48,200
$61,300
$56,100
$64,200
$75,800
$90,900
$132,000
$157,000
Uncontrolled
Percent
Difference
between Female Controlled Male
and Male Pay
Median Pay
3%
$33,300
2%
$39,600
1%
$47,000
27%
$50,300
14%
$59,500
20%
$79,500
19%
$142,000
Controlled Percent
Median Median Median
Median Male
Difference
Female Years Years
between Female Percent Percent Female Male
and Male Pay
Female Male
Age
Age
Experience
Experience
2%
89%
11%
31
27
3
2
0%
90%
10%
33
29
4
3
3%
86%
14%
33
30
5
4
4%
83%
17%
38
38
6
8
6%
82%
18%
40
39
8
9
5%
76%
24%
44
46
12
15
8%
68%
32%
47
47
17
20
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender
$140,000
Annual Median Pay
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
Uncontrolled
Female Median
Pay
Uncontrolled Male
Median Pay
$160,000
Controlled Pay by Gender
Annual Median Pay
$140,000
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
Uncontrolled
Female Median
Pay
Calculated Male
Median Pay
Degree Level
Associate Degree
Bachelor's Degree
M.B.A.
Master's Degree (non-M.B.A)
$90,000
Controlled Percent
Uncontrolled Female
Uncontrolled Male Uncontrolled Percent Difference
Difference between
Median Pay
Median Pay
between Female and Male Pay
Controlled Male Median Pay Female and Male Pay
$40,500
$47,000
16%
$41,600
$48,500
$56,300
16%
$50,600
$60,700
$76,600
26%
$63,800
$59,700
$76,800
29%
$61,400
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender and Degree
3%
4%
5%
3%
Percentage of Females Percentage of Males
with Given Education with Given Education
Level
Level
10%
4%
63%
59%
10%
17%
13%
17%
Controlled Pay by Gender and Degree
$70,000
$80,000
$60,000
$60,000
$50,000
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
$40,000
$30,000
Uncontrolled Male
Median Pay
$20,000
$10,000
Annual Median Pay
Annual Median Pay
$70,000
$50,000
$40,000
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
$30,000
Calculated Male Median
Pay
$20,000
$10,000
$0
Associate
Degree
Bachelor's
Degree
M.B.A.
Master's
Degree (nonM.B.A)
$0
Associate
Degree
Bachelor's
Degree
M.B.A.
Master's
Degree (nonM.B.A)
Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012
Points of Interest and Explanations:
1. The percentage difference between uncontrolled pay is again much larger than the difference in controlled pay.
2. Similarly, there still does appear to be a small difference in pay between men and women, even after controlling for outside variables.
3. A greater percentage of men in the Human Resources field have Masters degrees than women, who are more likely to have either a Bachelor's or Associate
degree.
4. These values are across All HR titles, as defined in the Pay by Job Title sheet.
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
$49,000
$50,200
$50,600
$62,800
Major
Psychology
Human Resources Management
Business Administration
Industrial & Labor Relations
$100,000
Uncontrolled Percent
Uncontrolled Male Difference between
Median Pay
Female and Male Pay
$56,900
$61,600
$67,100
$89,300
16%
23%
33%
42%
Controlled Male Median
Pay
$48,400
$52,800
$53,200
$65,400
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender and Major
Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012
$90,000
Annual Median Pay
Controlled Percent
Difference between
Female and Male Pay
-1%
5%
5%
4%
$80,000
Points of Interest and Explanations:
$70,000
1. Four of the top majors for Human Resources
professionals are examined here.
$60,000
$50,000
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
$40,000
$30,000
Uncontrolled Male
Median Pay
$20,000
$10,000
$0
Psychology
$70,000
Controlled Pay by Gender and Major
Annual Median Pay
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
$20,000
Calculated Male Median
Pay
$10,000
$0
Psychology
Human Resources
Management
Business
Administration
Industrial & Labor
Relations
3. The differences in pay appear to be largely due
factors other than major, however, as the controlled
percent differences were much smaller.
4. These values are across All HR titles, as defined in
the Pay by Job Title sheet.
Human Resources
Business
Industrial & Labor
Management
Administration
Relations
$30,000
2. The uncontrolled differences in pay are very large
when examined by major, with a difference of 42%
for Industrial and Labor Relations majors.
MSA Size
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Uncontrolled
Uncontrolled
Uncontrolled Percent
Female Median
Male Median Difference between
Pay
Female and Male Pay
Pay
$59,400
$66,700
$55,100
$61,900
$51,800
$53,500
$48,900
$76,300
$52,600
$64,400
$50,300
$69,700
$56,800
$77,800
$50,000
$60,000
$47,100
$62,500
$53,200
$60,300
Metropolitan Statistical Area
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
12%
12%
3%
56%
22%
39%
37%
20%
33%
13%
Controlled Percent
Controlled Male Median Difference between
Pay
Female and Male Pay
$58,000
-2%
$57,500
4%
$50,700
-2%
$51,600
5%
$53,900
3%
$54,500
8%
$54,600
-4%
$55,500
9%
$50,900
8%
$52,900
-1%
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender and MSA
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX
Uncontrolled Male Pay
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
Uncontrolled Female Pay
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
Annual Median Pay
Controlled Pay by Gender and MSA
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX
Calculated Male Pay
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
Uncontrolled Female Median Pay
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
Annual Median Pay
Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012
Points of Interest and Explanations:
1. The Dallas-Ft. Worth-Arlington metropolitan statistical area has the largest uncontrolled difference in pay, with a difference of 56%, while Chicago has the lowest, with
a difference of only 3%.
2. After controlling for outside variables, New York, Chicago, Washington and Boston all show that women are being paid more than men, while in Houston, Miami and
Atlanta, the opposite is true.
3. These values are across All HR titles, as defined in the Pay by Job Title sheet.
Job Satisfaction Description
I hate my job
Dissatisfied
A little satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Extremely satisfied
Uncontrolled Female Uncontrolled Male
Median Pay
Median Pay
$48,100
$44,800
$48,900
$54,600
$48,600
$55,800
$51,600
$64,700
$54,200
$76,600
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender and Job
Satisfaction
$80,000
Annual Median Pay
$75,000
$70,000
$65,000
$60,000
$55,000
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
$50,000
$45,000
Uncontrolled Male Median
Pay
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012
Points of Interest and Explanations:
1. First of all, it should be explicitly noted that this is uncontrolled pay, which is why the
median pay for men appears higher than women in all cases but one.
2. Pay is much more strongly linked with job satisfaction for men than it is for women,
who do not appear to be nearly as concerned with pay when determining how much
they enjoy their job.
3. Stress correlates in a similar manner for both genders: the more stressful the job, the
higher median pay.
4. These values are across All HR titles, as defined in the Pay by Job Title sheet.
Job Stress Description
My job is relaxing
Not stressful
A little stressful
Fairly stressful
Extremely stressful
Uncontrolled Female Uncontrolled Male
Median Pay
Median Pay
$35,400
$45,800
$42,700
$53,500
$47,800
$59,400
$52,100
$67,800
$57,700
$71,900
Copyright, PayScale, Inc.
2012
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender and Job
Stress
$80,000
Annual Median Pay
$75,000
$70,000
$65,000
$60,000
$55,000
$50,000
$45,000
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
Uncontrolled Male
Median Pay
Uncontrolled Female Uncontrolled Male
Median Pay
Median Pay
$32,800
$34,500
$40,500
$42,400
$46,600
$54,900
$51,800
$68,900
$55,400
$74,500
$55,100
$80,000
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender and Age
Annual Median Pay
Copyright, PayScale, Inc.
2012
2%
1%
4%
7%
6%
6%
Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012
$90,000
Points of Interest and Explanations:
$80,000
1. Wages are examined here for 6 different
age groups, for both men and women.
$70,000
$60,000
$50,000
Uncontrolled Female Median Pay
$40,000
Uncontrolled Male Median Pay
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$0
18 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49
Controlled Pay by Gender and Age
$70,000
$60,000
Annual Median Pay
Age
Range
18 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 39
40 to 44
45 to 49
Uncontrolled Percent
Controlled Percent
Controlled Male Median Difference between
Difference between
Female and Male Pay Pay
Female and Male Pay
5%
$33,600
5%
$40,900
18%
$48,400
33%
$55,600
34%
$58,600
45%
$58,500
$50,000
$40,000
Uncontrolled Female Median Pay
$30,000
Calculated Male Median Pay
$20,000
$10,000
$0
18 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 39
40 to 44
45 to 49
2. For all age groups, men earn more than
women even after controlling for other
factors, although the gap in wages is smaller
than it would appear without these controls.
3. After controlling for outside factors, neither
gender sees a significant increase in pay after
the age of 40. Although uncontrolled pay rises
for men still, this is likely due to differences in
job title, as opposed to men being paid more
for doing the exact same job.
4. Controlled pay differences are also largest
at older ages. One possible explanation for
this is that pay inequities by gender used to be
more prevalent than they are today.
5. These values are across All HR titles, as
defined in the Pay by Job Title sheet.
Uncontrolled Median
Female Pay
$42,500
$43,200
$47,800
$45,000
$49,300
$48,300
$48,700
$54,300
$52,400
$52,400
$49,300
$48,900
$49,000
Industry
Business Operation Support Services
Health Care and Social Assistance
Accommodation and Food Services
Transportation and Warehousing
Educational Services
Public Administration
Retail Trade
Information
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Finance and Insurance
Wholesale Trade
Construction
Manufacturing
Uncontrolled Uncontrolled Percent
Controlled Percent
Median Male Difference between Female
Controlled Male Median Difference between
Pay
and Male Pay
Pay
Female and Male Pay
$47,700
12%
$44,800
$54,100
25%
$43,900
$55,200
15%
$50,100
$58,800
31%
$46,500
$59,700
21%
$50,100
$60,700
26%
$50,100
$61,500
26%
$52,900
$62,700
15%
$56,500
$63,700
22%
$54,000
$67,300
28%
$54,400
$67,800
38%
$53,800
$69,500
42%
$53,400
$71,400
46%
$53,600
Uncontrolled Pay by Gender and Industry
Manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale Trade
Finance and Insurance
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Information
Uncontrolled Median
Male Pay
Retail Trade
Public Administration
Uncontrolled Female
Median Pay
Educational Services
Transportation and Warehousing
Accommodation and Food Services
Health Care and Social Assistance
Business Operation Support Services
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
Annual Median Pay
Controlled Pay by Gender and Industry
Manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale Trade
Finance and Insurance
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Information
Retail Trade
Calculated Male Median
Pay
Public Administration
Uncontrolled Female
Median pay
Educational Services
Transportation and Warehousing
Accommodation and Food Services
Health Care and Social Assistance
Business Operation Support Services
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
Annual Median Pay
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
Copyright PayScale, Inc. 2012
Points of Interest and Explanations:
1. The industries used here are those defined by the US Census North American Industry Classification System (http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/index.html).
2. Manufacturing, construction, and wholesale trade are the industries with the highest median pay for HR Professionals, while accommodation and food services,
healthcare and social assistance, and business operation support services pay the lowest.
3. Controlled differences in pay are again smaller across the board than uncontrolled differences, although Manufacturing, Construction, Wholesale, and Retail trade
all see a relatively large controlled difference of 9%.
4. The percentage of men and women in HR is similar for all industries, with a workforce that is between 81% and 86% female. Public administration, on the other
hand, has a 75/25 female/male split.
5. These values are across All HR titles, as defined in the Pay by Job Title sheet.
5%
2%
5%
3%
2%
4%
9%
4%
3%
4%
9%
9%
9%
Percent Percent
Female Male
81%
19%
86%
14%
82%
18%
81%
19%
83%
17%
75%
25%
83%
17%
83%
17%
86%
14%
85%
15%
83%
17%
82%
18%
82%
18%