Download Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)

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Lab Quiz today. Please stay afterwards to key and look at new
families…
Lecture Exam Wednesday.
Arboretum Field Trip Wednesday. Attendance expected, no
lab.
Phylogeny of angiosperms Angiosperms
Basal angiosperms
Parallel venation
scattered vascular
bundles
1 cotyledon
Tricolpate pollen
vessels
(Jansen et al. 2007)
Phylogeny of Eudicots (or Tricolpates)
Eudicots (or Tricolpates)
Basal eudicots
(Soltis et al. 2011)
Phylogeny of Rosids
Saxifragales
Rosids
Saxifragaceae
Crassulaceae
Fabids:
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Violaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabales
Fabaceae
Rosales
Rosaceae
Fagales
Betulaceae
Fagaceae
Malvids:
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Malvales
Malvaceae
Sapindales
Aceraceae
Myrtales
Onagraceae
Geraniales
Geraniaceae
(The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009)
Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family)
leaves often palmate and serrate in a basal rosette
Saxifraga sp.
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Textbook DVD DLN
Heuchera sanguinea
Mitella breweri
Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family)
Textbook DVD WSJ
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Lithophragma sp. Mitella nuda
flowers actinomorphic (rarely zygomorphic, e.g., Tolmeia)
sepals and petals 5, often attached to a variously developed hypanthium
petals often clawed, and sometimes variously dissected
Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family)
Textbook DVD BSC
Darmera peltata Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Saxifraga stolonifera two partially fused carpels
(most diagnostic characteristic of this family)
Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family)
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Heuchera sanguinea two partially fused carpels and the hypanthium
Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family)
Saxifragaceae - 30 genera/550 species. an important component of the flora of PNW
Herbs
Leaves often palmate and serrate, in a basal
rossete Flowers actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic
sepals and petals 5, often attached to a
variously developed
hypanthium
petals often clawed, and sometimes
variously dissected
stamens 5 or 10
carpels 2, more or less connate
ovary superior to inferior
Fruit a capsule or follicle Mitella sp.
Photo: Ryan Miller
Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family)
Ref. 14
Kalanchoe sp.
Ref. 12
Echeveria derenbergii Echeveria sp.
Ref. 13
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.g
Green Roofs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedum
Sedum acre
biting stonecrop
http://ecobrooklyn.com/extensive-green-roof/
Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family)
Tim Hagan 2003
Tim Hagan 2006
Rod Gilbert 2006
Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family)
Ben Legler 2004
Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family)
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
35 genera/1,500 species
(Crassula, Echeveria, Kalanchoe, Sedum)
Succulent herbs - shrubs
Leaves and stems succulent
Flowers actinomorphic
4-5 sepals and petals, distinct or connate
stames 4-10, terminal pores
carpels 4-5, distinct, slightly fused,
superior
Fruit: aggregate of follicles
Mitella sp.
http://www.resimlerden.com/cicek/Kalanchoe.jpg
Phylogeny of Rosids
Saxifragales
Rosids
Saxifragaceae
Crassulaceae
Fabids:
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Violaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabales
Fabaceae
Rosales
Rosaceae
Fagales
Betulaceae
Fagaceae
Malvids:
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Malvales
Malvaceae
Sapindales
Aceraceae
Myrtales
Onagraceae
Geraniales
Geraniaceae
(The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009)
Fagales
Synapomorphies:
• Indehiscent fruits
• No nectaries
• Inferior ovary with 1
or 2 ovules/locule
• Unisexual flowers
with reduced perianth
• Gland-headed and/or
stellate hairs
(Manos and Steele 1997)
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Quercus sp.
Oak
G. D. Carr 2009
Quercus garryana
Garry oak
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Over 450 spp. of Quercus (Oak),
note the tremendous leaf variation
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Textbook DVD DLN
Fagus grandifolia
beech
Quercus sp.
oak
Flowers are unisexual (trees monoecious), male flowers in a
dangling catkin (inflorescence a dense, elongated mass of
inconspicuous, usually wind-pollinated flowers)
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
carpellate inflorescence
carpellate inflorescence
Quercus sp.
Textbook DVD DLN
Castanea mollissima
both staminate and carpellate (female)
inflorescence are on the same individual
(plants are monoecious)
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Quercus sp. carpellate flowers usually in group of
1-3 and associated with a scaly cupule,
carpels 3-12, connate
cupule: any cup-shaped structure, such as
the scaly to spiny “cup” associated with
Fagaceae nuts
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Quercus palustris Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Textbook DVD WSJ
Quercus virginiana fruit a nut, closely associated with a
spiny to scaly cupule
Quercus sp.
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Textbook DVD KRR
Textbook DVD DLN
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Textbook DVD WSJ
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Textbook DVD DLN
Castanea sativa
chestnut
staminate inflorescences
tepals usually 6, reduced and inconspicuous, stamens 4 - numerous
Quercus sp.
staminate (male) flower
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Textbook DVD DLN
Castanea pumila
Textbook DVD JRA
Fagus sylvatica Textbook DVD KRR
Fagus grandifolia
Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family)
Fagaceae - 9 genera/900 species
Trees or shrubs, mostly northern hemisphere, temperate region Leaves simple, alternate; often lobed, entire or serrate, deciduous or evergreen Flowers inconspicuous, unisexual; plants monoecious;
tepals usually 6, reduced.
male flowers in dangling catkins;
stamens 4-numerous, subtended by a bract;
females flowers in groups of 1-3;
carpels 3(-12), connate; surrounded by an scaly or spiny cupule of
many overlapping bracts
Fruit a nut (fairly large, indehiscent, dry fruit with a thick bony wall surrounding a single seed), closely associated with a scaly or spiny
cupule
Betulaceae (Birch family)
Textbook DVD WSJ
Betula papyrifera (paper birch)
Betulaceae (Birch family)
Textbook DVD JRA
Carpinus caroliniana
American hornbeam
doubly serrate leaf margin
Betulaceae (Birch family)
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Betula pendula both staminate and carpellate flowers are in catkins;
plants are monoecious
Betulaceae (Birch family)
both staminate and carpellate
flowers are in catkins
(plants are monoecious)
Alnus sp. Photo: Yaowu Yuan alder
Betulaceae (Birch family)
Textbook DVD CSC
Alnus rubra
red alder
Textbook DVD WSJ
Corylus cornuta
beaked hazelnut
fruit an achene, nut, or 2-winged
samara, associated with a variously
fused and developed bract-bracteole
complex
Ostrya virginiana
Textbook DVD KRR American hophornbeam
Betulaceae (Birch family)
Corylus
Hazelnut This genus with only male flowers in catkins; female flowers solitary. Betulaceae (Birch family)
Betulaceae (Birch family)
Textbook DVD WSJ
Textbook DVD WSJ
Betulaceae (Birch family)
Betulaceae - 6 genera/157 species
Trees or shrubs, mostly northern hemisphere, temperate region
Leaves simple, alternate, deciduous, with doubly serrate margins
Flowers inconspicuous, unisexual; plants monoecious
both staminate and carpellate flowers are in catkins (except Corylus)
erect female catkins, pendulous male catkins
tepals 1-4, sometimes lacking and always very reduced
stamens 4; carpels 2, connate, ovary inferior
Fruit: dry, single-seeded indehiscent fruit -
achene (Ostrya)
nut (Corylus)
2-winged samara (Alnus and Betula)
Phylogeny of Rosids
Saxifragales
Rosids
Saxifragaceae
Crassulaceae
Fabids:
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Violaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabales
Fabaceae
Rosales
Rosaceae
Fagales
Betulaceae
Fagaceae
Malvids:
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Malvales
Malvaceae
Sapindales
Aceraceae
Myrtales
Onagraceae
Geraniales
Geraniaceae
(The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009)
(Chase et al. 2002)
Salicaceae (Willow family)
Your textbook expanded Salicaceae dramatically to include most of “Flacourtiaceae”, a mostly tropical family with much more diverse morphology
Salicaceae (Salix and Populus) as covered here (and in FPNW) is monophyletic and is either nested within “Flacourtiaceae” or sister to “Flacourtiaceae”
Salix babylonica
Textbook DVD KRR Babylon willow
Salicaceae s.s. (Willow family)
Textbook DVD WSJ
Salix tweedyi
Tweedy’s willow
Salix exigua Sandbar willow
Salicaceae (Willow family)
Textbook DVD WSJ
Salix caroliniana
coastal plain willow
Textbook DVD DLN
Populus deltoides
eastern cottonwood
“cottonwood” - hairy seeds (wind dispersal)
Salicaceae (Willow family)
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Salix interior
coyote willow
staminate and carpellate inflorescence are in
different individuals (plants are dioecious)
Salicaceae (Willow family)
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Populus deltoides
staminate inflorescence
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Populus alba
carpellate inflorescence
Salicaceae (Willow family)
Textbook DVD KRR & DLN
Salix interior
perianth is absent, each flower is subtended by a hairy bract
Salicaceae (Willow family)
Salicaceae - 2 genera/435 species
Trees or shrubs, often found along river banks, due to their mode of vegetative
reproduction Leaves simple, alternate, deciduous, with salicoid teeth (gland at tip of vein
along serrated leaf margin)
Flowers inconspicuous, unisexual; plants dioecious
both staminate and carpellate flowers are in erect catkins
perianth lacking, flowers are subtended by a hairy bract
stamens 2-4; carpels 2-4, connate, with many ovules
ovary superior
Fruit: capsule - dry, dehiscent, many-carpeled fruit, seeds typically with woolly hairs
Wind pollination syndrome
Textbook DVD WSJ
Textbook DVD DLN
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
What common traits do they share in terms of floral presentation?
Wind pollination syndrome
Flowers appear before leaves are out; tend to flower early in the year
Often unisexual flowers
Flowers often aggregated in catkins
Individual flowers small and inconspicuous
Big stamens (large anthers) produce lots of pollen
Stigmas large and plumose or roughened (papillate) to catch pollen
Ratio of pollen to ovules VERY HIGH (up to 6,000 to 1) References
Ref. 1
Ref. 2
Ref. 3
Ref. 4
Ref. 5
Ref. 6
Ref. 7
Ref. 8
Ref. 9
Ref. 10
Ref. 11
Ref. 12
Ref. 13
Ref. 14
http://www.theohhfactor.com/beet.jpg
http://www.life.illinois.edu/ib/335/Caryophyllidae/13-Agrostemmacapsule.jpg
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/beets-2.jpg
http://tomorrowaustin.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/beets2.jpg
http://www.floweringflowers.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/carnation.jpg
http://www.floweringflowers.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/carnation.jpg
http://www.all-creatures.org/recipes/images/i-buckwheat.jpg
© 1997 by the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service.
This publication may be reproduced in portions or its entirety for educational or non-profit purposes only.
Permitted users shall give credit to the author(s) and include this copyright notice.
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/for/for59/for59.pdf
© The University of Auckland 2009 http://www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/.../concepts/tilia_stem(400).jpg
http://www.ohranger.com/files/imagecache/parkphoto_lightbox/files/parkphotos/JOTR_JoshuaTree.jpg
http://www.privateislandsonline.com/wallpaper/1152x864/palm-tree-wallpaper-1152x864.jpg
http://www.smgrowers.com/imagedb/Echeveria_derenbergii.JPG
http://micheleroohani.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/succulent-echeveria-michele-roohani-huntington.jpg
http://www.blankees.com/house/plants/image/kalanchoe.jpg