Download Chapter 18 Watrer in the atmosphere

Lesson 6 Page 1
Chapter 18 Water in the atmosphere
I Humidity and Condensation
- Water vapor strongly affects the _______
characteristics of water
1.water is the only substance that commonly exists in all 3
states
a. Solid ________ Celsius or lower
b. Liquid between 0 Celsius and ______ Celsius
c. Above 100 Celsius ____________
2. _______________ gas  Liquid - ______________
3. evaporation liquid gas - _____________________
A. Humidity
1. Specific humidity – the _____________ amount of
water vapor in the air. 20 grams/kilograms of air is
very humid
2. Saturated air – rate of ________________= the rate of
Condensation
3. Warmer air can hold more water vapor
4. Relative humidity – How near the air is to
_____________________capacity. 0 - 100%
a
Specific Humidity X 100 % =RH%
Maximum Capacity
5 Measuring Humidity – Psychrometer – wet and dry bulb
tem. If they both read the same – ___________water is
evaporating 100%
Lesson 6 Page 2
C. Condensation
1. At Night as air cools it ability to hold water
____________. If it cools past the point of saturation
condensation occurs, forming clouds, _______, or fog
2. Dew Point - the temperature at which ____________
occurs and condensation begins
3. Cooling and condensation – water vapor must have
something to _________ onto once it goes below dew
point
4. Condensation nuclei, such as salt, sulfate particles, or
______________________ particles are in the air.
5. Dew vs. Frost – above freezing surface ______ will form
– Below freezing _____________
6. Formation at Fog – Occurs when cold surfaces _______
warm moist air
a. Slight ___________ movements keep the droplets
suspended
7. Advection Fog – warm moist air blows over
_____________ surface. Northern U.S. Southerly
winds blow over snow
Lesson 7 Page 1
II Clouds P 396
- Clouds form when air cools to its _____________point.
Can form at any altitude in troposphere
A. Types of Clouds – Cloud names are formed from one or more of
the same 5 words
1. ________________ and strato – clouds that form in layers
2. Cumulus and cumulo – describe clouds that grow upward(heap)
_________________ clouds with flat bases
3. Cirrus and Cirro - Describe feathery clouds(curl of hair) high
_________________________ ice clouds
4. Alto – between _______________________________ meters
5. Nimbus and Nimbo – Dark _________________ clouds
B. Cloud Formation
1. If cloud temp is below -20C cloud is made mostly
of________ and snow
2. As warm air rises it ________. When it reaches a height were
it hits dew point clouds form. – __________________ Level
Lesson 7 Page 2
3. Unsaturated air cools at a rate of __________C for every
kilometer it rises – dry–adiabatic lapse rate
4. Saturate air cools __________C/Km - moist-adiabatic lapse
rate
5. The cooling as air rises is due to the ________________ of the
air
6. ________________________________ Clouds - Heat from
condensation keeps the air inside a cumulus cloud ________
dense that the surrounding air which makes it grow
vertically
7. Meteorologist can predict cloud ___________ if they know:
Temperature of the clouds, dew point and the rate at which
the rising air cools.
8. Layer clouds or stratiform form in ______________ hair
9. Stable air: If the temp of rising air inside the cloud _________
more quickly than the temp outside the cloud
Lesson 8 Page 1
III Precipitation
- Any form of ___________ that falls form a cloud to the
earth’s surface
A. How precipitation forms
1. Growth of water droplets in a cloud occurs by ___________
2. Growth of Ice Crystals – temp in the upper clouds are cold
enough to ___________ the droplets, as the ice falls it collects
more droplets
3. Kinds of Precipitation
a. ___________________ – frozen rain droplets
b. ________________rain – occurs when rain hits a surface
and freezes – ice sheet or glaze will form
c. ______________ – Ball shaped ice from thunderstorms
B. Measuring Precipitation
1. Measured in a _____________gauge by 1\100th of an inch
2. Snow is measured by using a _____________ or snow stick. 1
inch of rain is about 10 inches of snow
Lesson 8 Page 2
C. Weather Modification
1. _____________________________ (frozen CO2) into
clouds which cools the cloud and form ice crystals
2. Artificial nuclei such as a ___________________ iodine is
dumped into the cloud for more condensation to occur