Download Chapter 3 Skeleton Notes

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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Skeleton Notes
 The cell theory states:
1)
2)
3)
 Cell Size
Small cell: 1mm tall
= volume 1mm3 (height x width x depth)
= surface area is 6 mm2 (S.A.= length x width6 sides)
= ratio 6:1
Larger cell: 2mm tall
= volume 8mm3 (2 x 2 x 2)
= surface area is 24 mm2 (6 sides x (2x2))
= ratio 3:1
Small cell has a greater surface area to volume ratio more
adequate surface area for exchanging wastes and nutrients
Why is surface-area to volume ratio important?
What is better a small cell or large cell?
 What defines a eukaryotic cell?
Refer to Fig 3.2 and 3.3 on p. 50 and 51
 How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
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Fill in the composition and function for the following organelles:
Table 3.1, p. 49 is a good study tool
 Plasma membrane
Composition:
Function:
-Regulates entrance and exit of molecules
 Nucleus (Fig 3.4, p.52)
Composition:
-Nucleoplasm
-Chromatin
Composition: Concentrated area of chromatin, RNA, and proteins
Function: Ribosomal subunit formation
Function:
 Ribosomes
Composition:
- Very small organelles: occur singly or in groups (polyribosomes) in the
cytoplasm
- Can be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Function:
-
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 What does the Endomembrane system consist of? (Fig 3.6, p.54)
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Lysosomes
 The Endoplasmic Reticulum (Fig 3.5, p. 53)
Composition:
Function:
-Synthesis and/or modification of proteins and other substances
 The Rough ER
Composition:
Function: protein synthesis
 The Smooth ER
Composition: having no ribosomes
Function:
 The Golgi Apparatus
Composition:
Function:
- Processing, packaging and secretion
- Distribution of ________ and __________
 Lysosomes
Composition:
- Membranous vesicle produced by Golgi apparatus
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Function:
- Intracellular digestion of: __________, ____________, ____________
 Vacuoles (note the difference between plant and animal cells)
Composition:
- Large membranous sac
- Vacuoles are much larger in plant cells than animal cells
- In plants, large central vacuole filled with water, sugars, salt, pigments and
toxins which provide support, color, and protection
Function:
-
 Peroxisomes (Fig 3.7, p. 55)
Composition:
- contains specific enzymes
Function:
- Results in the production of hydrogen peroxide molecules (since this is toxic,
an enzyme called catalase breaks it down into water and oxygen)
 Energy-Related Organelles (Fig 3.8, p. 56)
- Draw a flow chart between mitochondria and chloroplasts
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- Write the formulas for:
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
 Chloroplasts (Fig 3.8, p. 56)
Composition:
- Membranous Grana bound by two membranes
- Stroma=
- Thylakoids=
- Grana=
Function:
 Mitochondria (Fig 3.9, p. 57)
Composition:
- Double membrane
- Cristae=
- Matrix=
Function:
 The Cytoskeleton (Fig 3.10, 3.11, p. 58, Fig 3.12, 3.13, p. 59)
Composition:
Microtubules:
- Help evenly distribute __________________________________________
- Maintain shape and ____________________________________________
Intermediate filaments:
- Help support ___________________ and _______________________
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Actin Filaments:
- Formation of _____________
- Movement of cells and organelles (with the help of myosin)
Function:
- Movement of cell parts
 Centrioles (Fig 3.14, p. 60)
Composition:
Function:
- Formation of basal bodies 
- Microtubule formation
 Cilia and Flagella (Fig 3.15, p.61)
Composition:
- 9 + 2 pattern of microtubule doublets, surrounding 2 central microtubules
- Membrane bounded cylinders enclosing a matrix
Function:
-
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