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Transcript
Logistics of the Roman Grain Trade – Summary 1. Introduction – it explains the nature of the market in brief -> Meet the Roman empire and its extended land mass and enormously big population -> Grain/Wheat = 80% of the average caloric intake -> The problem of securing enough grain for the Romans -> it has led to the development of securing system 2. The Grain Trade to the city of Rome – the role of individual agents in supply and delivery -> Wheat-supplying process - ways and observations. Challenges: healthy wheat yields require suitable soil + sufficient rainfall per square meter + special storage conditions + long-distant water transportation -> The importance of maintaining control + formalized hierarchy of labor + established infrastructure for wheat storage and delivery (!!!) -> The “invisible” role of engineers, lawyers, judges, financiers, etc. 3. Roman Trade Structure and organizati on of the grain enterprise Tax in goods Tax in cash => monetize and integrate the Roman Economy -> Taxes collection from conquered provinces: -> Existence of goods in peripheral areas + money concentration in the center = circular monetization pattern -> Circular movement of goods and money created some kind of free market system 4. The harvesting of grain -> Egypt had turned into an important supplier-province due to the river of Nile and its properties -> Egypt + North Africa + Mediterranean world = enormous grain trade production source for the Roman Empire. As a result, a complex market system has developed to manage that trade. Globalization 5. Financing and organizing the grain trade – ways in which the trade was financed -> How were the logistics of grain trade managed? -> Vertical structure of the “investors” : Senators Knights Freedmen -> What kind of operations has been financed? Contracts signing, accounts maintaining, profit distribution payments, legally existing operations -> Companies were responsible for the arrangement of deliveries of grain Company Profile & Structure Staff + Ships Subcontracted Ships Accountants and employees at both ends of the supply chain Network of agents; local buyers, extra logistical staff, and overseers “Working Hand” Trade Associations Collegia -> Monopoly Physical Infrastructure Special technical details + logistical infrastructure A will to join the grain trade Information and expertise exchange environment has been created Ships were specially designed to transport grain Extra Assistance Satellite offices => extra distribution Structured to optimize the potential profit that existed locally elsewhere, but in Rome Transportation Complex functions of the whole Roman market system 6. Informational uncertainty and the Roman market – the main problem that drove the structural and organizational behavior of the grain networks -> Lack of information – the biggest constrain of that time => created issues in the functioning of the market -> Hierarchal structure to order and manage company`s operations -> Coordination of buying and selling was difficult to manage -> Legal agreements signing (terms and conditions) + supply chain supervision + state measures of assistance and support obtainment + receipts exchanging processes = mechanisms that controlled against moral hazard and/or fraud -> A network of TRUST was established 7. The Role of the State -> State = Roman Elite => state interests = Roman Elite interests -> Investment -> incentivisation -> Distribution