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Taxonomy Mr. Bonneau Advanced Biology So why do scientists classify? Varecia variegata variegata Common Lemur Why is Taxonomy Important? Unknown species discovered. Flora and Fauna New fossil Uncovered. The History of Classification Aristotle 384-322 BC Interested in biological classification. Patterns in nature. Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 AD Father of Biological Classification! I wrote a book on this stuff… Aristotle (4th century B.C.) - Devised a classification based on his observations of various animals - He watched appearance, behavior, and movement • Which ones fly, swim, or walk/crawl/run - He observed similarities and differences and grouped them together accordingly - Then used there differences to divide them into smaller subgroups Linnaeus (1790) - He used qualitative observations as basis of his system. - He placed organisms into various “taxon” based on observable features. SO WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARISTOTLE AND LINNAEUS THEN...? Linnaeus devised a naming system: Binomial Nomenclature What is Classification? Classification arranges objects, ideas, or information into groups by finding common traits or characters How Classification Works Groups are arranged in hierarchical order. Nine layers of Taxonomy - DOMAIN is first!!! - Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together. - When organisms share a common ancestor, they share an evolutionary history Define: 2 part naming system that uses Latin words to represent the organism. Usually down at the genus and species level of naming Genus Species Homo sapien Genus is always CAPITALIZED species is NOT. (If you can’t italicize, underline the genus and species!) http://www.youtube.com/watchv=dnF_UdPbJZ0&feature=related Using the Classification System Taxonomic Key (AKA. Dichotomous Key) - Statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms Taxonomic Key • • • • • • • • • • 1. Fruits occur singly ....................................................... Go to 3 1' Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ......................... Go to 2 2. Fruits are round ....................................................... Grapes 2' Fruits are elongate ................................................... Bananas 3. Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .............Oranges 3' Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 4 4. More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples 4' One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 5 5. Skin covered with velvety hairs .................... Peaches 5' Skin smooth, without hairs ........................... Plums Now it is your turn to try… Concreticus nailus- Concrete Nail Lupus eyeous- Loop Screw Stapli galvani- Looped Staple Screwus longus- Long Screw Screwus shortus- Short Screw Naili shinicus- Shiny Nail Naili copperus- Copper nail Pinus metali- Metal Shelf pin Pinus plastici- Plastic shelf pin Pinus brassicus- Brass shelf pin Wire insulati- Wire insulator Drywalli plugicus- Drywall plug