Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 1. 2. 4. The Moon's cycle of phases can be observed from Earth because the Moon A. is smaller than Earth B. is tilted on its axis C. rotates on its axis D. revolves around Earth Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graph below, which shows the maximum altitude of the Moon, measured by an observer located at a latitude of 43 N during June in a particular year. The names and appearance of the four major Moon phases are shown at the top of the graph, directly above the date on which the phase occurred. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a model of the Earth-Moon system as viewed from above the North Pole. The numbers 1 through 8 represent positions of the Moon as it revolves around Earth. The parts of the diagram lettered A through D show hoe the Moon's phases to an observer in New York State. Which diagram best represents the Moon's phase observed on June 11? A. B. C. D. The time required for the Moon to complete one cycle of phases is about one A. 3. day B. week C. month D. year An observer in New York State sees a crescent phase of the moon, as shown. 5. At which position is the Moon when this crescent is observed? A. position 6 B. C. position 8 D. position 4 Seasonal changes on Earth are primarily caused by the A. parallelism of the Sun's axis as the Sun revolves around Earth B. changes in distance between Earth and the Sun C. elliptical shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun D. tilt of Earth's axis as Earth revolves around the Sun position 2 6. During which Northern Hemisphere season is Earth closest to the Sun? A. page 1 spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter 7. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph represents the duration of insolation at four di erent latitudes on Earth on four di erent dates. 9. The accompanying diagram represents part of Earth's latitude-longitude system. What is the latitude and longitude of point L? The total number of daylight hours during an entire year is A. greatest at 41 N B. greatest at 41 S C. di erent at each of the four locations 10. 5 E 30 N B. 5 W 30 S C. 5 N 30 E D. 5 S 30 W The lines on which set of views best represent Earth's latitude system? A. D. the same at each of the four locations 8. A. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which represents the elliptical orbit of a planet traveling around a star. Points A, B, C, and D are four positions of this planet in its orbit. B. C. D. The gravitational attraction between the star and the planet will be greatest at position A. A B. B C. C D. D page 2 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 11. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage and map below. The map shows sections of the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. 13. Shipwreck Which map below shows the most likely storm track for a hurricane ( ) in the Atlantic Ocean? A. In 1641, the crew of the ship Concepcion used the Sun and stars for navigation. The crew thought that the ship was just north of Puerto Rico, but ocean currents had carried them o course. The ship hit a coral reef and sank o the coast of the Dominican Republic. The X on the map marks the location of the sunken ship. B. What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the sunken ship? 12. A. 20.5 N 70 E B. 20.5 N 70 W C. 20.5 S 70 E D. 20.5 S 70 W The diagram below represents a Foucault pendulum swinging freely for 8 hours. C. The pendulum appears to change its direction of swing because of Earth's A. tectonic plate movement B. C. rotation D. revolution D. force of gravity page 3 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 14. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graph below. The graph shows the recorded change in water level (ocean tides) at a coastal city in the northeastern United States during 1 day. 16. The diagrams below represent Earth's ocean tides at four di erent positions of the Moon. Which diagram shows the Moon position that will produce the highest high tides and the lowest low tides? (The diagrams are not drawn to scale.) Key E = Earth H = High tide M = Moon L = Low tide A. B. C. According to the pattern shown on the graph, the next high tide will occur on the following day at approximately A. 15. 12:30 am B. 2:00 am C. 3:15 am D. 4:00 am D. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the orbits of four planets and Halley's Comet. The period of revolution is shown for the comet. The orbital positions of Halley's Comet are shown for the years 1910, 1948, and 1986. At which of these points in its orbit does Halley's Comet have the greatest orbital velocity? A. A B. B C. C D. D page 4 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 17. 21. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the data tables below, and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows average planetary distance from the Sun in astronomical units (AU) and average orbital speet has been deliberately left blank. Table 2 lists the ve largest asteroids and their average distance from the Sun in astronomical units. A blank graph is provided for student use. Table 1 Planet Average Average Distance Orbital from Sun Speed (AU) (km/sec) Mercury 0.4 48.0 Venus 0.7 35.0 Mars 1.5 24.0 Earth Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto 1.0 Which atmospheric conditions would cause smoke from a camp re on a beach to blow toward the ocean? A. warm air over the land and cool air over the ocean B. humid air over the land and dry air over the ocean C. low-density air over the land and highdensity air over the ocean D. high air pressure over the land and low air pressure over the ocean 30.0 5.2 13.0 9.6 22. 10.0 19.0 7.0 30.0 39.0 4.7 Which two gases have been added to Earth's atmosphere in large amounts and are believed to have increased global warming by absorbing infrared radiation? Table 2 Asteroid Average Distance from Sun (AU) A. neon and argon Vesta 2.4 Ceres 2.7 2.8 B. chlorine and nitrogen 2.8 C. hydrogen and helium Juno Pallas Hygiea 3.2 D. methane and carbon dioxide The asteroids shown in table 2 are located between the orbits of 18. 19. 20. A. Mercury and Venus B. Earth and Mars C. Mars and Jupiter D. Neptune and Pluto 23. Ozone is concentrated in Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of 20 to 35 kilometers. Which atmospheric layer contains the greatest concentration of ozone? A. mesosphere B. C. troposphere D. stratosphere Under which atmospheric conditions will water most likely evaporate at the fastest rate? A. hot, humid, and calm B. hot, dry, and windy C. cold, humid, and windy D. cold, dry, and calm thermosphere Almost all of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere is contained in the A. mesosphere B. stratosphere C. troposphere D. thermosphere Which atmospheric conditions are necessary for condensation? A. saturated air and dewpoint temperature much lower than air temperature B. unsaturated air and dewpoint temperature much higher than air temperature C. saturated air and equal dewpoint and air temperatures D. unsaturated air and equal dewpoint and air temperatures page 5 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 24. Which pie graph correctly shows the percentage of elements by volume in Earth's troposphere? 26. What is the air pressure indicated on the weather station model shown? A. A. 900.6 mb B. 960.0 mb C. 1000.6 mb D. 1006.0 mb B. 27. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the weather station model shown below. C. What is the approximate wind direction and windspeed indicated by the station model? D. A. from the northwest at 15 knots B. from the southeast at 15 knots C. from the northwest at 25 knots D. from the southeast at 25 knots 28. 25. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the weather station model shown below. The accompanying station model shows the weather conditions at Massena, New York, at 9 am on a particular day in June. Which statement correctly describes the relative humidity at this station? A. The relative humidity is 0% because the cloud cover is 100%. B. The relative humidity is 100% because the air temperature and dewpoint are both 48 F. C. The relative humidity is 98.6% because 986 is the symbol for 98.6%. What was the barometric pressure at Massena 3 hours earlier on that day? A. 997.1 mb B. 999.7 mb C. 1003.3 mb D. 1009.1 mb D. The relative humidity is 50% because is the symbol for 50%. page 6 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which shows sea-level air pressure, in millibars, for a portion of the eastern coast of North America. Points A, B, C, and D are sea-level locations on Earth's surface. 31. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the graph below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows variations in air temperature and relative humidity for a spring day in Oswego, New York. What was the approximate relative humidity at 6:00 pm? A. 32. B. 47% C. 59% D. 71% At what time did the air most likely have the greatest capacity to hold water vapor? A. 33. 11% 5 am B. 10 am C. 5 pm D. 10 pm The accompanying diagram shows a cross section of a cold front. Which weather instrument was used to measure the air pressures? 30. A. thermometer B. wind vane C. sling psychrometer D. barometer The cross section below shows a weather front. The large arrow shows the direction of the movement of the cool air mass. The cloud formation and precipitation shown in the cross section are caused by Which type of weather front is shown? A. warm front B. C. occluded front D. stationary front A. cold air rising and warming B. cold air sinking and warming C. warm air rising and cooling D. warm air sinking and cooling cold front page 7 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 34. Which graph best shows the relationship between the probability of precipitation and the di erence between air temperature and dewpoint? 36. A. Adjacent water and landmasses are heated by the morning Sun on a clear, calm day. After a few hours, a surface wind develops. Which map best represents this wind's direction? A. B. C. D. B. 37. C. A. The cP air mass is warmer and less humid. B. The cP air mass is colder and more humid. C. The mT air mass is warmer and more humid. D. The mT air mass is colder and less humid. 38. What is the general movement of the surface winds around the center of this low-pressure area? A. counterclockwise and outward B. counterclockwise and inward C. clockwise and outward D. clockwise and inward D. 35. What is the di erence in the air temperature and humidity between the cP and mT air masses? The properties of an air mass are mostly determined by the A. rate of Earth's rotation B. direction of Earth's surface winds C. source region where the air mass formed D. path the air mass follows along a land surface page 8 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 39. The accompanying map shows partial weather conditions for weather stations A and B at 4 pm. A weather front is located between the two stations. 40. Which graph represents the temperature change that will most likely occur at station A as the front passes in the next three hours? A. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the weather map below showing part of the United States, and your knowledge of Earth science. The arrows in the cross sections below represent the general direction of air movement. Which cross section along a straight line between Cincinnati and Boston best represents the weather fronts, clouds, precipitation, and general direction of air movement shown in the map? B. A. C. B. D. C. D. page 9 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 41. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graph below, which shows the average daily precipitation for Paris, France, during an 8-year period. 42. The map below represents a satellite image of Hurricane Gilbert in the Gulf of Mexico. Each X represents the position of the center of the storm on the date indicated. Which days showed the greatest di erence in average precipitation during this 8-year period? Compared to its strength on September 16, the strength of Hurricane Gilbert on September 18 was A. Mondays and Tuesdays A. B. Wednesdays and Thursdays C. Thursdays and Fridays less B. greater C. the same D. Fridays and Saturdays page 10 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 43. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the weather map below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows weather systems over the central and eastern United States and weather data for several cities. Which map correctly shows the movement of surface air associated with the high-pressure and low-pressure systems? A. B. C. D. 44. Why are carbon dioxide and water vapor called the greenhouse gases? 46. A. They are found in varying amounts in Earth's atmosphere A. Earth's revolution around the Sun B. They are found in xed amounts in Earth's bedrock B. the changing phases of the Moon C. They are good re ectors of infrared radiation C. the gravitational attraction between the Moon and Earth D. They are good absorbers of infrared radiation 45. Ocean tides observed at coastal locations each day are primarily caused by D. seasonal changes in the compass location of sunrise Energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth mainly by A. molecular collisions B. density currents C. electromagnetic waves D. red shifts page 11 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 47. 48. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed from space on December 21. 50. The diagram below shows a solid iron bar that is being heated in a ame. The longest duration of insolation on December 21 will occur at The primary method of heat transfer in the solid iron bar is A. A. convection B. C. absorption D. advection 90 N B. 30 N C. 30 S D. 90 S How do the rates of warming and cooling of land surfaces compare to the rates of warming and cooling of ocean surfaces? A. Land surfaces warm faster and cool more slowly. B. Land surfaces warm more slowly and cool faster. C. Land surfaces warm faster and cool faster. 51. conduction The accompanying diagram shows the heating of water. D. Land surfaces warm more slowly and cool more slowly. 49. The accompanying table shows the duration of insolation at di erent latitudes for three di erent days during the year. Latitude Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Duration of Duration of Duration of Insolation Insolation Insolation (hours) (hours) (hours) 90 N 24 12 70 N 24 12 80 N 60 N 50 N 40 N 30 N 20 N 10 N 0 N 24 18 21 12 12 16 14 12 14 12 15 12 13 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 0 0 0 The main method of heat transfer occuring within the water is called 5 12 6 34 9 10 11 12 A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. insolation 11 12 12 Which dates are represented most correctly by Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3, respectively? A. March 21, September 22, December 21 B. June 21, September 22, December 21 C. September 22, December 21, March 21 D. December 21, March 21, June 21 page 12 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 52. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents four stations, A, B, C, and D, in a laboratory investigation in which equal volumes of sand at the same starting temperature were heated by identical light sources. The light sources were the same distance from each station, but at di erent angles to the surfaces. Two thermometers were used at each station, one just above the surface and the other just below the surface. The lights were turned on for 30 minutes and then removed for the next 30 minutes. Temperatures were recorded each minute for the 60 minutes. 53. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map and graph below. The map shows two cities, Arica and Rio de Janeiro, located on opposite coasts of South America. Both cities are near sea level. The graph shows the average monthly temperatures for the cities. Most of the energy from the light sources was transferred to the sand by the process of A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. transpiration Why does Arica have cooler average monthly temperatures than Rio de Janeiro? A. Rio de Janeiro receives insolation at a higher angle than Arica. B. Rio de Janeiro is in uenced by a warmer ocean current than Arica. C. Arica is farther north than Rio de Janeiro. D. Arica receives yearly insolation that is less intense than Rio de Janeiro. page 13 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 54. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse e ect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere. 56. The accompanying diagram shows the average yearly precipitation, in centimeters, at locations A through E across the State of Washington. Arrows indicate the direction of prevailing winds. Which statement best explains why location B and location E receive relatively low average yearly precipitation? Which type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases? 55. A. ultraviolet B. visible light C. infrared D. radio waves A. These locations are on the leeward side of mountain ranges. B. These locations are on the windward side of mountain ranges. C. These locations receive more insolation than the other locations. D. These locations receive less insolation than the other locations. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which shows North American air-mass source regions, the resulting air-mass names, and typical air-mass tracks. 57. The Canaries Current along the west coast of Africa and the Peru Current along the west coast of South America are both A. warm currents that ow away from the Equator B. warm currents that ow toward the Equator C. cool currents that ow away from the Equator D. cool currents that ow toward the Equator A maritime polar air mass approaching New York State would most likely bring A. cool, moist air from the north B. warm, moist air from the south C. cool, dry air from the southeast D. warm, dry air from the southeast page 14 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 58. The map below shows the locations of Virginia Beach, Virginia, and Spring eld, Missouri. 60. Arrows on the maps below show di erences in the direction of winds in the region of India and the Indian Ocean during January and July. Isobar values are recorded in millibars. January July Heavy monsoon rains usually occur in India during A. January, when winds blow from the land B. January, when winds blow toward high pressure C. July, when winds blow from the ocean D. July, when winds blow toward high pressure Virginia Beach experiences cooler summers and warmer winters than Spring eld because Virginia Beach A. is located closer to the Atlantic Ocean B. is located closer to the equator C. has a greater average yearly duration of insolation D. has a greater average yearly intensity of insolation 59. Which combination of climate factors generally results in the coldest temperatures? A. low elevation and low latitude B. low elevation and high latitude C. high elevation and low latitude D. high elevation and high latitude page 15 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 61. Which graph best represents the average monthly temperatures for one year at a location in the Southern Hemisphere? 62. A. 63. B. Which natural event temporarily slows or reverses surface ocean currents in the equatorial region of the Paci c Ocean, causing a disruption of normal weather patterns? A. monsoons B. volcanic eruptions C. El Ni~no D. deforestation Which event is inferred by most scientists to be responsible for a climate change that has recently led to a decrease in the size of most glaciers? A. a decrease in the rate of divergence of lithospheric plates along a mid-ocean ridge B. a decrease in the amount of insolation reaching Earth's surface C. an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere D. an increase in the amount of vegetative cover in the tropics 64. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which has lettered arrows showing the motions of Earth and the Moon. C. (Not drawn to scale) Key D. Arrow A B C D Motion Earth's rotation on its axis Earth's revolution around the Sun The Moon's rotation on its axis The Moon's revolution around Earth Which two motions are completed in about the same amount of time? A. page 16 A and B B. B and C C. C and D D. A and D Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 65. What causes many surface winds to de ect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere? 70. A. rotation of Earth on its axis A. barometric pressure B. B. unequal heating of Earth's surface C. relative humidity D. wind speed C. gravitational force of the Moon 71. D. gravitational force of the Sun 66. 67. Which weather variable can be determined by using a psychrometer? cloud cover The weather instrument below can be used to determine relative humidity. During which process does heat transfer occur because of density di erences? A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. re ection Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below of a weather instrument. Based on the temperatures shown, the relative humidity is Which weather variable is this instrument designed to measure? 68. A. visibility B. C. dewpoint temperature D. air pressure A. 19% B. 2% C. 33% D. 40% relative humidity 72. A weather instrument is shown below. Why have weather predictions become more accurate and reliable in recent years? A. Weather conditions now change more slowly than they did in the past B. More people today watch televised weather reports C. Scientists have developed better methods of controlling the weather D. Scientists have developed better technology to observe weather conditions 69. Which weather instrument has most improved the accuracy of weather forecasts over the past 40 years? A. thermometer B. sling psychrometer C. weather satellite D. weather balloon Which weather variable is measured by this instrument? page 17 A. wind speed B. precipitation C. cloud cover D. air pressure Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 73. What is the dewpoint temperature when the dry-bulb temperature is 12 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 7 C. A. 74. 24 C B. 5 C C. 6 C 76. D. 4 C Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the graph below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows variations in air temperature and relative humidity for a spring day in Oswego, New York. A student uses a sling psychrometer outdoors on a clear day. The dry-bulb (air) temperature is 10 C. The water on the wet bulb will most likely A. condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be higher than the air temperature B. condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be equal to the air temperature C. evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be lower than the air temperature D. evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be equal to the air temperature 77. The incomplete owchart below shows some of the changes that occur in warm air as it rises to form a cloud. Which statement should be placed in the empty box to accurately complete the owchart? Which change most likely caused the decrease in relative humidity between 6:00 am and 3:00 pm? A. The dewpoint increased B. The moisture content of the air increased C. The rate of evaporation increased The air warms as it expands. B. The air cools until it reaches the dewpoint. C. The air's relative humidity decreases to zero. D. The air enters the thermosphere. D. The air temperature increased 75. A. 78. A map view of surface air movement in a low-pressure system is shown. A dry-bulb temperature of 30 C and a wet-bulb temperature of 29 C were recorded at a weather station. What are the relative humidity and the most likely weather conditions? A. Relative humidity is 29% with clear skies. B. Relative humidity is 29% with a good chance of snow. C. Relative humidity is 93% with clear skies. D. Relative humidity is 93% with a good chance of rain. The air near the center of this low-pressure system usually will A. evaporate into a liquid B. reverse direction C. rise and form clouds D. squeeze together to form a high-pressure system page 18 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 79. 81. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the data table below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows a classi cation system for hurricanes. A storm surge is a dome of water 65 to 80 kilometers wide that sweeps ashore at the coast near the point where the storm center (eye) hits the land. Sa r-Simpson Hurricane Scale Hurricane Central Air Windspeed Category Pressure (km/hr) (mb) 1 2 3 over 979 965–979 119–153 154–177 1.2–1.5 1.6–2.4 low-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise B. low-pressure funnel clouds that spin counter-clockwise C. high-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise D. high-pressure funnel clouds that spin counterclockwise Expected Damage Minimal 82. Moderate In the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds around the center of a hurricane move 2.5–3.6 Extensive over 250 over 5.4 Catastrophic A. clockwise and inward Which characteristic must a tropical storm have to be classi ed as a hurricane on the Sa r-Simpson scale? B. clockwise and outward C. counterclockwise and inward A. enough strength to cause catastrophic damage D. counterclockwise and outward B. a storm surge of at least 2.0 m C. central air pressure over 980 mb 5 920–944 below 920 210–250 3.7–5.4 Extreme 83. D. a windspeed of at least 119 km/hr 80. A. 178–209 4 945–964 Expected Storm Surge Height (m) In the United States, most tornadoes are classi ed as intense Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which represents Earth revolving around the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth's location in its orbit on the rst day of the four seasons. NP represents the North Pole. The accompanying graph shows the total number of deaths per month caused by lightning in the United States between 1959 and 1990. Which location in Earth's orbit represents the summer in New York State? A. 84. Based on the information on the graph, which prediction about lightning deaths in the United States in the year 2000 would be most accurate? A. Most deaths will occur along the eastern coastline. B. The number of deaths will exceed 900. C. The greatest number of deaths will occur during summer. A B. B C. C rst day of D. D Clouds usually form when moist air rises because the air A. contracts and cools B. contracts and warms C. expands and cools D. expands and warms D. Most deaths will be the result of hurricanes. page 19 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 85. The accompanying cartoon shows a strong wind blowing from right to left. 87. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which shows Earth's planetary wind belts and pressure belts. The wind is blowing from right to left because the region to the right has a higher 86. A. air temperature B. C. relative humidity D. elevation The best inference that can be made from this diagram is that winds blow from regions of air pressure Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the weather map below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows surface weather conditions over the central United States at 1:00 am for a day in May. Shaded areas represent precipitation. A. high latitude to regions of low latitude B. high pressure to regions of low pressure C. high elevation to regions of low elevation D. high temperature to regions of low temperature 88. The accompanying map shows high-pressure and low-pressure weather systems in the United States. The boundary between the cP and the mT air masses shown on the map is called A. a warm front B. C. an isotherm D. an isobar Which two lettered positions on the map are most likely receiving precipitation? a cold front A. page 20 A and B B. B and D C. C and E D. A and D Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 89. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the weather map below, which shows the location of fronts and the temperature eld on a given day in the United States. The passage of a cold front most recently in uenced the weather of which two cities? A. Chicago and Boise B. Las Vegas and Salt Lake City C. Kansas City and Minneapolis D. Detroit and Cincinnati 90. Which map shows the two correctly labeled air masses that frequently converge in the central plains to cause tornadoes? A. B. C. D. page 21 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 91. The cross section below shows a house on the shore of Lake Ontario in August. 95. The diagram below represents a portion of the solar system. Under which conditions would the wind shown in the cross section most likely occur? A. at 2 AM, when the air over land is 70 F and the air over the lake is 80 F B. at 6 AM, when the air over land is 70 F and the air over the lake is 70 F C. at 2 PM, when the air over land is 80 F and the air over the lake is 70 F In addition to Earth, which planets are represented by the diagram? D. at 10 PM, when the air over land is 70 F and the air over the lake is 72 F 96. 92. 93. 94. Most surface ocean currents are caused by A. tides B. evaporation C. prevailing winds D. salinity di erences 97. Which ocean current cools the climate of some locations along the western coastline of North America? A. Florida Current B. C. Canaries Current D. Alaska Current A. Saturn and Pluto B. Mercury and Venus C. Uranus and Neptune D. Jupiter and Mars Which object is located at one foci of the elliptical orbit of Mars? A. the Sun B. C. Earth D. Jupiter Betelgeuse Which object is closest to Earth? A. the Sun B. Venus C. the Moon D. Mars California Current Which ocean current ows northeast along the eastern coast of North America? A. Gulf Stream B. North Equatorial C. California D. Labrador page 22 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 98. The symbols below are used to represent di erent regions of space. 100. Which photograph of star trails was taken by an observer facing directly north in New York State? A. Which diagram shows the correct relationship between these four regions? [If one symbol is within another symbol, that means it is part of, or included in, that symbol.] A. B. B. C. C. D. D. 99. 101. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables and on your knowledge of Earth science. Most scientists believe the Milky Way Galaxy is A. spherical in shape B. 4.6 billion years old C. composed of stars revolving around Earth Which model of a planet's orbit best represents the actual eccentricity of the orbit of Mars? (models are drawn to scale.) D. one of billions of galaxies in the universe page 23 A. B. C. D. Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 102. On which two dates could all locations on Earth have equal hours of day and night? A. September 23 and December 21 B. December 21 and March 21 C. March 21 and June 21 106. The accompanying diagram shows the Moon at four positions in its orbit around Earth as viewed from above the North Pole. D. March 21 and September 21 103. Which event is most predictable? A. The Sun rises. B. An earthquake occurs. C. A meteorite falls to Earth. D. Coral fossils are found on mountaintops. Beginning with the Moon at position X (the new-Moon phase), which sequence of Moon phases would be seen by an observer on Earth during 1 month? 104. To an observer in New York State, the Sun appears to rise each day somewhere along the A. northern horizon B. C. eastern horizon D. western horizon A. southern horizon B. 105. The accompanying diagram represents a student's constructed laboratory drawing. C. D. 107. How long does Earth take to complete one orbit around the Sun? A. 1 day B. 1 month C. 1 year D. 1 decade The student's drawing best represents the A. shape of Earth's Moon B. shape of an elliptical orbit C. path of an earthquake wave D. path of a projectile de ected by Earth's rotation page 24 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 108. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram shows a portion of the solar system. 110. The diagram below shows Earth and the Moon in four locations during their orbits. Arrows A through D represent di erent motions of Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. The actual orbits of the planets are Which arrow represents a rate of movement of approximately 1 per day? A. elliptical, with Earth at one of the foci A. B. elliptical, with the Sun at one of the foci C. circular, with Earth at the center A B. B C. C D. D 111. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagrams below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent four di erent mineral samples with di erent shapes and masses. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. D. circular, with the Sun at the center 109. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which shows a model of Earth's orbit around the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth's position at the beginning of each season. Which instrument was most likely used to nd the volume of each sample? A. graduated cylinder B. balance C. thermometer D. psychrometer 112. A student nds the mass of sample B to be 17.5 grams. What is the student's approximate percent deviation (percentage of error)? A. 1.5% B. 6.7% C. 8.8% D. 9.4% How many degrees will the Sun's vertical rays shift on Earth's surface as Earth travels from position C to position D ? A. 15 B. 23.5 C. 47 D. 365 page 25 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 113. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram and data tables below, and your knowledge of Earth science. 115. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram below represents a solid object with a density of 3 grams per cubic centimeter. The diagram shows a process that is used to separate gypsum from shale on the basis of density. Crushed rock is dropped into a mixture of liquid and small particles, called a slurry. The data tables show the mass and volume of three samples of gypsum and three samples of shale after they were separated by this process. What is the mass of this object? A. A student weights sample 3 of the shale and incorrectly determines the mass to be 16 grams. Which equation should be used to calculate the student's percentage of error (percent deviation)? 18 16 A. percentage of error = B. percentage of error = C. percentage of error = 18 16 100 D. percentage of error = 16 18 100 18 18 16 16 0.5 g B. 2g C. 18 g D. 36 g 116. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram and data tables below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram shows a process that is used to separate gypsum from shale on the basis of density. Crushed rock is dropped into a mixture of liquid and small particles, called a slurry. The data tables show the mass and volume of three samples of gypsum and three samples of shale after they were separated by this process. 100 100 114. The cartoon below presents a humorous look at science. What is the average density of the three samples of gypsum? A. The correct explanation of why ice oats is that, compared to liquid water, solid ice A. has less mass B. C. is less dense D. is more dense 0.5 g/cm3 B. 2.0 g/cm3 C. 3.0 g/cm3 D. 8.7 g/cm3 117. A rock sample has a mass of 16 grams and a volume of 8 cubic centimeters. When the rock is cut in half, what is the volume and density of each piece? has more mass page 26 A. 8 cm3 and 0.5 g/cm3 B. 8 cm3 and 1.0 g/cm3 C. 4 cm3 and 2.0 g/cm3 D. 4 cm3 and 4.0 g/cm3 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 118. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagrams below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent four solid objects made of the same uniform material. The volumes of the sphere and the bar are not given. 119. The accompanying graph shows the relationship between mass and volume for three samples, A, B, and C, of a given material. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown. What is the density of this material? A. 1.0 g/cm3 B. 5.0 g/cm3 C. 10.0 g/cm3 D. 20.0 g/cm3 What is the volume of the sphere? A. 15 mL B. 25 mL C. 40 mL D. 65 mL page 27 Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 Problem-Attic format version 4.4.218 c 2011–2014 EducAide Software _ Licensed for use by jim benedict Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 03/15/2015 1. Answer: D 21. Answer: D 2. Answer: C 22. Answer: D 3. Answer: B 23. Answer: B 4. Answer: C 24. Answer: A 5. Answer: D 25. Answer: B 6. Answer: D 26. Answer: C 7. Answer: D 27. Answer: C 8. Answer: A 28. Answer: C 9. Answer: D 29. Answer: D 10. Answer: B 30. Answer: B 11. Answer: B 31. Answer: B 12. Answer: C 32. Answer: C 13. Answer: B 33. Answer: C 14. Answer: B 34. Answer: C 15. Answer: D 35. Answer: C 16. Answer: A 36. Answer: A 17. Answer: C 37. Answer: C 18. Answer: D 38. Answer: B 19. Answer: C 39. Answer: D 20. Answer: C 40. Answer: D Teacher's Key 41. Answer: D 64. Answer: C 42. Answer: A 65. Answer: A 43. Answer: B 66. Answer: B 44. Answer: D 67. Answer: D 45. Answer: C 68. Answer: D 46. Answer: C 47. Answer: 69. Answer: C D 48. Answer: 70. Answer: C C 49. Answer: 71. Answer: C B 50. Answer: 72. Answer: D B 51. Answer: 73. Answer: A B 52. Answer: 74. Answer: D C 53. Answer: 75. Answer: C B 54. Answer: 76. Answer: C C 55. Answer: 77. Answer: B A 56. Answer: 78. Answer: D A 57. Answer: 79. Answer: D D 58. Answer: 80. Answer: C A 59. Answer: 81. Answer: B D 60. Answer: 82. Answer: C C 61. Answer: 83. Answer: B C 62. Answer: 84. Answer: C C 63. Answer: 85. Answer: B C Page 2 Teacher's Key 86. Answer: B 109. Answer: B 87. Answer: B 110. Answer: A 88. Answer: B 111. Answer: A 89. Answer: C 112. Answer: D 90. Answer: B 113. Answer: A 91. Answer: C 92. Answer: 114. Answer: C C 93. Answer: 115. Answer: C B 94. Answer: 116. Answer: B A 95. Answer: 117. Answer: C B 96. Answer: 118. Answer: B A 97. Answer: 119. Answer: C C 98. Answer: A 99. Answer: D 100. Answer: A 101. Answer: A 102. Answer: D 103. Answer: A 104. Answer: C 105. Answer: B 106. Answer: B 107. Answer: C 108. Answer: B Page 3