Download Mr. Rolfe/ Ms. GogolinEarth ScienceMeteorology Unit Name Date

Mr. Rolfe/ Ms. Gogolin
Name
Earth Science
Date
Meteorology Unit
Period
Global Climate Models Quiz Study Guide
1. Review of Atmosphere Layers
a. List the atmospheric layers in order from bottom to top.
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
b. Describe 2 facts/ features about the Tropopause.
1. Boundary between the Troposphere and Stratosphere
2. Boundary where convection cells stop in the atmosphere
c. Troposphere
i. Percentage of Mass: 99% of the atmosphere
ii. Features found in this layer:
Weather, Clouds, Convection Cells, where planes fly
iii. How does temperature change in the Troposphere?
As altitude increases, temperature decreases
iv. How does pressure change in the Troposphere?
As altitude increases, pressure decreases
d. Stratosphere
i. What does the presence of ozone do to temperature in this layer?
Causes temperature to increase with altitude
2. Review Heating in the atmosphere
a. How is heat transferred in the atmosphere?
i. Radiation: Sun’s rays heat up Earth’s surface
ii. Conduction: Air touches the surfaces and heats up
iii. Convection: Warm air rises and cold air sinks due differences in
temperature in the troposphere
b. Which is the ultimate source of energy for wind? The Sun’s radiation
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Mr. Rolfe/ Ms. Gogolin
Earth Science
Meteorology Unit
3. Unbalanced Heating
i. What does the shape and tilt of the Earth create?
Seasons
ii. Why is there unbalanced heating on Earth?
The Earth is a sphere with a tilted axis, this causes the angle of the sun in
the sky to change which causes different regions to have different
amounts of heat/ temperature.
iii. How does the atmosphere balance unequal heating?
Warm air is moved towards the poles and cold air is moved towards the
equator
4. Review Reflection and Scattering
a. Define Albedo: Reflection of radiation back into Space
b. What percentage of radiation is reflected back into space? 30% or 0.3
5. Equator
a. What are alternate names for the Equator?
i.
Doldrums
ii.
ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone)
iii.
Tropics
b. Name 2 reasons why the air over the equator rises?
i. The equator receives constant direct solar radiation (sunlight) heating
up the air around the equator
ii. Surface winds converge and create low pressure on the surface
c. What is the name of the Cell located between the equator and 30⁰N/S?
Hadley Cell
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Mr. Rolfe/ Ms. Gogolin
Earth Science
Meteorology Unit
6. Air Circulation in Atmosphere
a. What do differences in temperature and pressure produce? Wind
b. In convection: Hot Air Rises, Cold Air Sinks
c. Location of Convection Cells
i. Hadley Cell: 0⁰ to 30⁰N/S
ii. Ferral Cell: 30⁰N/S to 60⁰N/S
iii. Polar Cell: 60⁰N/S to 90⁰N/S
d. Identify Cell interactions as Divergent or Convergent for each location.
i. 2 Hadley Cells at the Equator:
Surface Winds: Convergent
Upper Level Winds: Divergent
ii. Hadley Cell and Ferral Cell at 30⁰N/S:
Surface Winds: Divergent
Upper Level Winds: Convergent
iii. Ferral Cell and Polar Cell at 60⁰N/S:
Surface Winds: Convergent
Upper Level Winds: Divergent
e. Why is warm air moved towards the poles (high latitudes) and cool air moved
towards the Equator?
Differences in temperature and pressure. Balances out the heat on Earth.
f. Explain how Hadley Cells are produced.
The equator receives direct sunlight from the sun, heating up the surface. The
air touching the surface heats up and rises up to the Tropopause. At the
Tropopause the air moves towards the Poles. At 30⁰N/S, the cold air sinks back
to the surface and moves back towards the equator. This cycle is continuous and
happens all of the time.
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Mr. Rolfe/ Ms. Gogolin
Earth Science
Meteorology Unit
7. Global Windsa. Identify the direction the Global Winds are Flowing and how it relates to
pressure
i. Prevailing Westerlies: Moves West to East; 30⁰N/S (Horse Latitudes) is
an area of HIGH pressure, wind moves up towards 60⁰N/S (Subpolar Low)
where there is low pressure.
ii. Polar Easterlies: Move East to West; 90⁰N/S (poles) area of HIGH Pressure
and move down towards 60⁰N/S (Subpolar Low) where there is LOW
pressure
iii. Trade Winds: Move east to West; 30⁰N/S (Horse Latitudes) is an area of
HIGH pressure and moves down towards the equator (ITCZ, Doldrums)
where there is LOW Pressure.
8. Jet Streams
a. What is a Jet Stream? Fast flowing, narrow air currents
b. Why do Jet Streams occur? Created by large differences in temperature caused
by Convection Cells.
c. Where do Jet Streams occur in the Atmosphere?
Found in the atmosphere between 7-12km
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