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Page 1 of 20 BEGINNINGS TO 1763 THEMES OF AMERICAN HISTORY STUDENT GUIDE TO THE CALIFORNIA STATE STANDARDS STRATEGIES FOR TAKING TESTS Part 1: Strategies for Studying History Part 2: Test-Taking Strategies and Practice WORLD ATLAS GEOGRAPHY HANDBOOK The Landscape of America Themes of Geography Map Basics Physical Geography of the United States Human Geography of the United States CHAPTER WITH HISTORY What happens when different societies meet? 1 Crossing to the Americas TECHNOLOGY OF THE TIME The Mound Builders 2 Societies of North America INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCE The Iroquois Great Law of Peace 3 Societies of West Africa 4 Societies of Europe 5 Early European Explorers HISTORY WORKSHOP Create and Decode a Pictograph CHAPTER WITH HISTORY Would you join a voyage of exploration? 1 Spain Claims an Empire ECONOMICS IN HISTORY Mercantilism 2 European Competition in North America 3 The Spanish and Native Americans 4 Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas viii 2 4 6 10 16 24 25 27 30 32 38 39 44 49 56 2 1492 –1700 European Exploration of the Americas INTERACT A1 1 Beginnings –1500 The World in 1500 INTERACT xxviii xxx S1 S2 S6 58 59 61 62 67 71 76 Page 2 of 20 CHAPTER 3 1585 –1732 The English Establish 13 Colonies INTERACT WITH HISTORY What dangers would you face as a settler? 1 Early Colonies Have Mixed Success INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Report from the New World 2 New England Colonies INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCES The Mayflower Compact/ The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 3 Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies CHAPTER WITH HISTORY Would you settle on a farm or in a town? 1 New England: Commerce and Religion 2 The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities 3 The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery GEOGRAPHY IN HISTORY Differences Among the Colonies 4 The Backcountry CHAPTER 85 90 92 98 100 106 107 109 114 119 124 126 5 1689 –1763 Beginnings of an American Identity INTERACT 83 4 1700 –1753 The Colonies Develop INTERACT 82 WITH 132 HISTORY What do you have in common with other British colonists? 1 Early American Culture 2 Roots of Representative Government CITIZENSHIP TODAY The Importance of Juries 3 The French and Indian War WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Biographical Narratives 133 135 141 142 146 153A Pontiac ix Page 3 of 20 1763 – 1791 CHAPTER 6 1763 –1776 The Road to Revolution INTERACT WITH HISTORY Would you join the protest? 159 163 INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Fight for Representative Government! 3 The Road to Lexington and Concord LITERATURE CONNECTIONS Johnny Tremain 4 Declaring Independence 168 170 174 176 INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCE The Declaration of Independence 182 HISTORY WORKSHOP Raise the Liberty Pole 188 7 1776 – 1783 The American Revolution INTERACT WITH HISTORY What would you sacrifice to win freedom? 1 The Early Years of the War CITIZENSHIP TODAY Exercising Free Speech 2 The War Expands 3 The Path to Victory TECHNOLOGY OF THE TIME Artillery of the Revolution 4 The Legacy of the War ECONOMICS IN HISTORY Free Enterprise x 157 1 Tighter British Control 2 Colonial Resistance Grows CHAPTER George Washington 156 190 191 193 198 200 206 208 211 214 Page 4 of 20 CHAPTER 8 1776 –1791 Confederation to Constitution INTERACT WITH HISTORY How do you form a government? 1 The Confederation Era GEOGRAPHY IN HISTORY The Northwest Territory 2 Creating the Constitution 3 Ratifying the Constitution INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCES The Federalist, “Number 51”/ Objections to the Constitution 218 219 221 226 228 234 238 CONSTITUTION HANDBOOK The Living Constitution Seven Principles of the Constitution INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCE The Constitution of the United States 242 CITIZENSHIP HANDBOOK The Role of the Citizen Building Citizenship Skills Practicing Citizenship Skills 280 WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Response to Literature 244 248 280 284 287 287A xi Page 5 of 20 1789 – 1844 CHAPTER 9 1789 –1800 Launching a New Republic INTERACT WITH HISTORY What kind of person would you choose to help you govern? 1 Washington’s Presidency ECONOMICS IN HISTORY How Banks Work 2 Challenges to the New Government CITIZENSHIP TODAY Obeying Rules and Laws 3 The Federalists in Charge CHAPTER 10 Image not available for use on this CD-ROM. Please refer to the image in the textbook. WITH 1 Jefferson Takes Office 2 The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration GEOGRAPHY IN HISTORY Native Americans on the Explorers’ Route 3 Problems with Foreign Powers 4 The War of 1812 HISTORY WORKSHOP Making Explorers’ Field Notes WITH 311 313 318 324 326 330 336 338 HISTORY How will new inventions change your country? 1 Early Industry and Inventions INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Run a Mill Town 2 Plantations and Slavery Spread 3 Nationalism and Sectionalism INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCE James Monroe, The Monroe Doctrine WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Research Reports xii 310 1800 –1844 National and Regional Growth INTERACT 293 296 298 300 303 HISTORY What dangers will you face on an expedition west? CHAPTER 11 291 1800 – 1816 The Jefferson Era INTERACT 290 339 341 346 348 354 360 363A Page 6 of 20 1810 – 1860 CHAPTER 12 1824 –1840 The Age of Jackson INTERACT WITH HISTORY What qualities do you think make a strong leader? 1 Politics of the People CITIZENSHIP TODAY Exercising the Vote 2 Jackson’s Policy Toward Native Americans 3 Conflicts over States’ Rights ECONOMICS IN HISTORY How Tariffs Work 4 Prosperity and Panic CHAPTER 13 WITH HISTORY What might you gain 1 Trails West INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Survive the Oregon Trail! 2 The Texas Revolution 3 The War with Mexico 4 The California Gold Rush TECHNOLOGY OF THE TIME Surface Mining WITH 391 393 398 400 406 412 415 California gold miner 1820 –1860 A New Spirit of Change INTERACT 369 372 374 379 380 384 390 and lose by going west? CHAPTER 14 367 1810 –1853 Manifest Destiny INTERACT 366 420 HISTORY What reforms do you think will most benefit American society? 1 The Hopes of Immigrants CITIZENSHIP TODAY Becoming a Citizen 2 American Literature and Art 3 Reforming American Society 421 423 427 429 433 INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCE Dorothea Dix, Report to the Massachusetts Legislature 438 4 Abolition and Women’s Rights GEOGRAPHY IN HISTORY The Underground Railroad HISTORY WORKSHOP Pack Your Trunk 440 446 450 WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Persuasive Writing 451A Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Page 7 of 20 1846 – 1877 CHAPTER 15 1846 –1861 The Nation Breaking Apart INTERACT WITH HISTORY How would you keep the nation together? 1 Growing Tensions Between North and South ECONOMICS IN HISTORY Trade 2 The Crisis Deepens 3 Slavery Dominates Politics CITIZENSHIP TODAY Debating Points of View 4 Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession CHAPTER 16 WITH 1 War Erupts LITERATURE CONNECTIONS Across Five Aprils 2 Life in the Army TECHNOLOGY OF 3 No End in Sight CHAPTER 17 THE TIME Ironclads WITH HISTORY What would inspire you to keep fighting? 1 The Emancipation Proclamation 2 War Affects Society 3 The North Wins GEOGRAPHY IN HISTORY Battle of Gettysburg 4 The Legacy of the War 481 486 488 492 493 500 501 503 507 512 514 520 524 HISTORY WORKSHOP Create a Medal of Honor 528 1865 –1877 Reconstruction WITH HISTORY How would you rebuild the Union? 1 Rebuilding the Union INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Rebuilding Richmond 2 Reconstruction and Daily Life 3 End of Reconstruction WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Business Writing xiv 479 INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCES Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address (1863)/ Second Inaugural Address (1865) CHAPTER 18 INTERACT 478 1863 – 1865 The Tide of War Turns INTERACT 457 458 462 466 469 471 HISTORY How might a civil war be worse than other wars? Abraham Lincoln 455 1861 – 1862 The Civil War Begins INTERACT 454 530 531 533 538 540 545 551A Page 8 of 20 1860 – 1914 CHAPTER 19 1860 –1900 Growth in the West INTERACT WITH 554 HISTORY How might your life change in the West? 555 1 Miners, Ranchers, and Cowhands 2 Native Americans Fight to Survive 3 Life in the West INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Stage a Wild West Show! 4 Farming and Populism ECONOMICS IN HISTORY Supply and Demand 557 562 568 572 574 576 CHAPTER 20 1860 –1914 An Industrial Society INTERACT WITH HISTORY Would you join the strike? Why or why not? 1 The Growth of Industry 2 Railroads Transform the Nation 3 The Rise of Big Business GEOGRAPHY IN HISTORY Industry in the Midwest 4 Workers Organize CHAPTER 21 WITH 583 585 590 594 598 600 1880 –1914 Changes in American Life INTERACT 582 606 HISTORY How will you make a home in your new country? 1 Cities Grow and Change CITIZENSHIP TODAY Community Service 2 The New Immigrants LITERATURE CONNECTIONS Dragonwings 3 Segregation and Discrimination INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCES Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice / Kee Low, Like Country Pretty Much 4 Society and Mass Culture HISTORY WORKSHOP Create an Exhibit WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Technical Writing 607 609 612 614 618 620 624 626 632 633A xv Page 9 of 20 1880 – PRESENT CHAPTER 22 1890 –1920 The Progressive Era INTERACT WITH HISTORY How would you solve one of these problems? 1 Roosevelt and Progressivism GEOGRAPHY IN HISTORY The National Parks Movement 2 Taft and Wilson as Progressives ECONOMICS IN HISTORY Types of Taxes 3 Women Win New Rights CHAPTER 23 WITH 1 The United States Continues to Expand 2 The Spanish-American War CITIZENSHIP TODAY Detecting Bias in the Media 3 U.S. Involvement Overseas TECHNOLOGY OF THE TIME How the Panama Canal Works WITH HISTORY How will you support the war effort? 1 War Breaks Out in Europe INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Survive Trench Warfare Queen Liliuokalani 656 657 659 662 664 668 671 1914 – 1920 World War I INTERACT 639 644 646 647 650 HISTORY When should you get involved in the affairs of another country? CHAPTER 24 637 1880 – 1917 Becoming a World Power INTERACT 636 2 America Joins the Fight 3 Life on the Home Front 4 The Legacy of World War I 676 677 679 684 686 691 695 INTERACTIVE PRIMARY SOURCE xvi Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points 699 HISTORY WORKSHOP Campaign for Liberty Bonds 702 Page 10 of 20 CHAPTER 25 EPILOGUE 1919 – PRESENT The United States Since 1919 INTERACT WITH 704 HISTORY How do you think the 21st century will differ from the 20th century? 1 2 3 4 Prosperity and the Great Depression The Rise of Dictators and World War II The Cold War Life in America Since 1945 705 707 712 717 722 INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGE Protecting the Environment WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Research Reports 728 731A SPECIAL REPORT: Ter rorism and the War in Iraq 732 HISTORIC DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT 738 REFERENCE SECTION Skillbuilder Handbook Facts About the States Presidents of the U.S. Gazetteer R1 R34 R36 R39 Glossary Spanish Glossary Index of Content and Skills Acknowledgments R43 R57 R71 R95 Buzz Aldrin xvii Page 11 of 20 Interdisciplinary CHALLENGE Report from the New World Fight for Representative Government! Run a Mill Town Survive the Oregon Trail! 90 168 346 398 Rebuilding Richmond Stage a Wild West Show! Survive Trench Warfare Protecting the Environment 538 572 684 728 124 226 324 446 Battle of Gettysburg Industry in the Midwest The National Parks Movement 514 598 644 30 208 415 Ironclads How the Panama Canal Works 492 671 38 98 98 182 238 239 248 360 Report to the Massachusetts Legislature, Dorothea Dix The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln Second Inaugural Address, Abraham Lincoln Crusade for Justice, Ida B. Wells Like Country Pretty Much, Kee Low The Fourteen Points, Woodrow Wilson 438 524 525 624 625 699 174 486 from Dragonwings by Laurence Yep 618 56 188 336 450 Create a Medal of Honor Create an Exhibit Campaign for Liberty Bonds 528 632 702 GEOGRAPHY in HISTORY Differences Among the Colonies The Northwest Territory Native Americans on the Explorers’ Route The Underground Railroad Technology OF THE Time The Mound Builders Artillery of the Revolution Surface Mining I NTERACTIVE P RIMARY S OURCES The Iroquois Great Law of Peace The Mayflower Compact The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut The Declaration of Independence The Federalist, Number 51, James Madison Objections to the Constitution, George Mason The Constitution of the United States The Monroe Doctrine, James Monroe Literature Connections from Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes from Across Five Aprils by Irene Hunt HISTORY WORKSHOP Create and Decode a Pictograph Raise the Liberty Pole Making Explorers’ Field Notes Pack Your Trunk xviii Page 12 of 20 CITIZENSHIP TODAY The Importance of Juries Exercising Free Speech Obeying Rules and Laws Exercising the Vote 142 198 300 372 Becoming a Citizen Debating Points of View Community Service Detecting Bias in the Media 427 469 612 664 62 214 296 380 Trade Supply and Demand Types of Taxes 458 576 647 68 94 101 149 199 229 237 305 Freedom of the Press The Star-Spangled Banner Political Parties Remember the Alamo! The Gettysburg Address Black Colleges Ragtime 307 332 386 402 513 541 629 Economics in History Mercantilism Free Enterprise How Banks Work How Tariffs Work America’s HERITAGE St. Augustine The First Thanksgiving The Log Cabin Acadians to Cajuns The First Flag Independence Hall Religious Freedom Washington, D.C., and Benjamin Banneker A M E R I C A ’ S HISTORY MAKERS Deganawida Christopher Columbus Hernando Cortés Montezuma Pocahontas William Byrd II Benjamin Franklin Samuel Adams John Adams Thomas Jefferson George Washington John Paul Jones James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Marshall Meriwether Lewis 37 50 64 64 88 121 140 166 166 181 194 205 230 295 316 321 William Clark Nat Turner John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Jim Beckwourth Juan Seguín Sam Houston Horace Mann Dorothea Dix Frederick Douglass Elizabeth Cady Stanton Stephen A. Douglas Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Clara Barton Ulysses S. Grant 321 353 370 370 394 404 404 436 436 441 444 461 482 496 510 516 Robert E. Lee Andrew Johnson William Jennings Bryan John D. Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie Jane Addams W. E. B. Du Bois Theodore Roosevelt Queen Liliuokalani Luis Muñoz Rivera Woodrow Wilson Franklin Delano Roosevelt Dwight D. Eisenhower Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 516 534 578 595 595 613 622 643 661 667 696 711 716 723 daily life Kachina Dances Names and Occupations The School of Manners Women and Protest Camp Life in Winter Spirituals Dinner on the Trail 35 116 138 164 202 351 396 Immigrant Culture Drill Sessions Inflation in the South Life of a Cowhand: The Roundup Railroad Camps The “Television War” 426 489 509 560 591 719 xix Page 13 of 20 HISTORY through ART School of Athens by Raphael Sugar: the greatest gift of the Old World to the New by Theodore de Bry The Trial of George Jacobs, August 5, 1692 by T. H. Matteson An Overseer Doing His Duty by Benjamin Henry Latrobe Interior of an 18th-century one-room schoolhouse (anonymous drawing) The Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776 by John Trumbull Signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 by Benjamin West Late 18th-century engraving of the Hamilton campaign Cinque-Têtes, or the Paris Monster: Political cartoon of 1798 on the XYZ Affair 47 73 97 122 137 180 212 236 The Trail of Tears by Robert Lindneux The Battle of the Alamo by Frederick C. Yohn White Swallow (advertisement) Kindred Spirits by Asher Durand The Tragic Prelude by John Steuart Curry Photograph by Mathew Brady His First Vote by Thomas Waterman Wood Custer’s Last Stand by Edgar S. Paxson Detail of Going to the Opera—Family Portrait by Seymour Guy Room in a Tenement Flat by Jessie Tarbox Beals Photograph by Lewis Hine Roosevelt and the Rough Riders The Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence Construction of the Dam by William Gropper 377 403 413 430 470 518 536 564 596 596 611 666 693 710 306 Now and then African Heritage Native American View of Columbus Killer Bees The Lumbee and the Lost Colonists Backcountry Sports Today Patriots’ Day Battle Tactics 42 52 75 86 128 173 207 Preserving the Constitution The President’s Cabinet The Supreme Court Today Cherokee People Today Mexican Land Rights Levi’s Blue Jeans Third-Party Candidates African Americans in the Military 233 294 317 375 411 414 467 African Americans in Congress The West in Popular Culture Modern Benefits Won by Unions Late 20th-Century Immigration Big Business and Competition Globo Cop? The Flu Epidemic U.S.S. Arizona Memorial 546 571 603 617 640 673 694 714 506 Connections TO Literature: Phillis Wheatley World History: Eyewitness to Revolution World History: Toussaint L’Ouverture Literature: “Civil Disobedience” World History: Expanding Slavery Math: Costs of the Civil War Literature: Walt Whitman Literature: Laura Ingalls Wilder STRANGE Science: Sod Houses Science: Iron vs. Steel Science: American Inventors, 1870–1900 Art and Music: Railroad Heroes Literature: Women Outside the Home Literature: Literature of World War I Math: Military Deaths in World War I 575 587 588 593 651 689 690 45 112 204 314 371 409 Gifts on Poe’s Grave Preston Brooks’s Cane Deadlier Than Bullets Wilmer McLean Fence-Cutting Wars From President to Chief Justice 432 465 490 519 561 648 but True Pepper Millionaires Blackbeard the Pirate The First Combat Submarine Hamilton-Burr Duel Adams and Jefferson Santa Anna’s Lost Leg xx 178 301 319 431 459 521 522 571 Page 14 of 20 Chapter 1 Chapter 5 Solveig Turpin, quoted in In Search of Ancient North America Rebecca González, quoted in “New Light on the Olmec,” National Geographic Dr. George MacDonald, at Bill Reid’s memorial service, March 24, 1998 Navajo Blessing Way, quoted in America in 1492 al-Bakri, quoted in The Horizon History of Africa Olfert Dapper, quoted in Centuries of Greatness Christopher Columbus, letter to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Christopher Columbus, quoted in Columbus and the Age of Discovery 27 29 32 33 39 43 51 52 The land is the finest for cultivation that I ever in my life set foot upon, and it also abounds in trees of every description. Henry Hudson, quoted in Discoverers of America Chapter 2 63 65 67 71 75 78 Chapter 3 John White, The New World William Bradford, quoted in The Pilgrim Reader John Winthrop, “Model of Christian Charity” Peter Stuyvesant, quoted in Peter Stuyvesant and His New York 85 92 94 139 141 142 145 148 151 James Otis, Jr., quoted in James Otis: The PreRevolutionist by J. C. Ridpath William Pitt, quoted in Patriots by A. J. Langguth John Dickinson, quoted in A New Age Now Begins by Page Smith George Hewes, quoted in A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-Party Patrick Henry, quoted in Patriots by A. J. Langguth Abigail Adams, quoted in Abigail Adams: Witness to a Revolution by Natalie S. Bober Thomas Paine, Common Sense Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence 159 162 164 167 172 176 179 181 Chapter 7 Thomas Paine, The American Crisis Benjamin Franklin, letter to his daughter Sally Marquis de Lafayette, quoted in Valley Forge: Pinnacle of Courage James P. Collins, quoted in The Spirit of Seventy-Six Joseph Plumb Martin, quoted in The Revolutionaries Elizabeth Freeman, quoted in Notable Black American Women 196 200 202 209 211 215 100 Chapter 4 Peleg Folger, quoted in The Sea-Hunters An observer in 1713, quoted in A History of American Life Elizabeth Ashbridge, Some Account . . . of the Life of Elizabeth Ashbridge Peter Kalm, quoted in America at 1750 George Mason, quoted in Common Landscape of America Edward Kimber, quoted in White over Black John Fontaine, quoted in Colonial Virginia A visitor to the Backcountry, quoted in A History of American Life 135 Chapter 6 A V O I C E F R O M T H E PA S T Antonio Pigafetta, quoted in The Discoverers Aztec poet, quoted in Seeds of Change Henry Hudson, quoted in Discoverers of America Huamán Poma, Letter to a King Bernardino de Sahagún, quoted in Seeds of Change Olaudah Equiano, quoted in Great Slave Narratives Sarah Kemble Knight, The Journal of Madam Knight Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Increase Mather, quoted in The Last American Puritan Magna Carta, translated in A Documentary History of England New-York Weekly Journal, quoted in Colonial America, 1607–1763 George Washington, “Journey to the French Commandant” Major General Jeffrey Amherst, quoted in The Conspiracy of Pontiac A V O I C E F R O M T H E PA S T 109 113 114 116 119 123 126 These, with the pictures, busts [sculptures of the head and shoulders], and prints (of which copies upon copies are spread everywhere), have made your father’s face as well known as that of the moon. Benjamin Franklin, letter to his daughter Sally 128 xxi Page 15 of 20 Chapter 8 Felix Walker, quoted in The Life and Adventures of Daniel Boone Edmund Randolph, quoted in Edmund Randolph: A Biography James Madison, The Federalist “Number 51” John Dickinson, quoted in Mr. Madison’s Constitution Samuel Huntington, quoted in Original Meanings Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist “Number 1” 221 228 230 231 234 235 Chapter 9 Charles Thomson, quoted in Washington’s Papers, Library of Congress Little Turtle, quoted in The Life and Times of Little Turtle Alexander Hamilton, The Works of Alexander Hamilton George Washington, Farewell Address 293 298 301 303 Chapter 10 James Callender, quoted in American Aurora Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address Meriwether Lewis, quoted in Undaunted Courage Stephen Decatur, 1816 Tecumseh, quoted in Tecumseh and the Quest for Indian Leadership Dolley Madison, from a letter sent to her sister Francis Scott Key, The Star-Spangled Banner 313 315 322 326 328 330 332 Chapter 11 “Letters from Susan,” quoted in the Lowell Offering Robert Fulton, quoted in Robert Fulton and the “Clermont” Catherine Beale, quoted in Slave Testimony 342 344 348 A VOICE FROM T H E PA S T I do not recollect of [remember] ever seeing my mother by the light of day. She was with me in the night. She would lie down with me, and get me to sleep, but long before I waked she was gone. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass xxii Wes Brady, quoted in Remembering Slavery Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Nat Turner, quoted in Nat Turner by Terry Bisson Henry Clay, quoted in The Annals of America Chief Justice John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) John Quincy Adams, speech before House of Representatives, July 4, 1821 351 352 353 354 356 359 Chapter 12 Margaret Bayard Smith, The First Forty Years of Washington Society Daniel Webster, Correspondence Anonymous traveler, quoted in the Advocate John G. Burnett, quoted in The Native Americans, edited by Betty and Ian Ballantine John C. Calhoun, quoted in John C. Calhoun: American Portrait by Margaret L. Coit Daniel Webster, a speech in the U.S. Senate, January 26, 1830 Nicholas Biddle, from a letter to Henry Clay, August 1, 1832 Andrew Jackson, veto message, July 10, 1832 369 372 374 377 379 382 384 385 Chapter 13 Jim Clyman, quoted in The West by Geoffrey C. Ward Catherine Sager, quoted in The West by Geoffrey C. Ward William Travis, “To the People of Texas and all the Americans in the World” John O’Sullivan, United States Magazine and Democratic Review Frederick Douglass, The North Star, January 21, 1848 Marching Song Louise Clappe, quoted in Frontier Women 393 396 403 407 409 409 414 Chapter 14 Gjert Hovland, letter to Torjuls Maeland, April 22, 1835 Charles Dickens, quoted in To Seek America Washington Irving, “Rip Van Winkle” Henry David Thoreau, Walden Anne Newport Royall, Letters from Alabama Harriet Hanson, quoted in A People’s History of the United States Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, “The Slave Mother” Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, 1848 Sojourner Truth, quoted by Marius Robinson, convention secretary 423 426 429 431 433 434 440 444 445 Page 16 of 20 Chapter 18 A V O I C E F R O M T H E PA S T George Julian, quoted in Grand Inquests Mill and Jule, quoted in We Are Your Sisters Bayley Wyat, quoted in Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution Robert B. Elliott, quoted in The Glorious Failure Joseph Rainey, quoted in The Trouble They Seen The red coat was changed for one of blue and buff, a sword was held in the hand instead of a sceptre [staff of authority], the head was decorated with a cocked hat, and underneath was painted in large characters, GENERAL WASHINGTON. Nat Love, The Life and Adventures of Nat Love Mark Twain, Roughing It Buffalo Bird Woman, quoted in Native American Testimony, edited by Peter Nabokov Abigail Scott Duniway, in her autobiography, Path Breaking Olaf Olsson, quoted in The Swedish Americans by Allyson McGill William Jennings Bryan, Democratic Convention speech, July 8, 1896 Frederick Jackson Turner, “The Significance of the American Frontier” Chapter 15 457 461 463 466 468 471 475 Chapter 16 Emma Holmes, The Diary of Emma Holmes 1861–1866 Major Peter Vredenburgh, Jr., quoted in Upon the Tented Field William Keesy, quoted in The Civil War Infantryman General George McClellan, quoted in Civil War Journal: The Leaders John B. Gordon, quoted in Voices of the Civil War 481 488 490 557 558 562 568 574 578 579 Chapter 20 Thomas Edison, quoted in Edison by Matthew Josephson Maxine Hong Kingston, China Men John Rodgers, quoted in Passage to Union 587 590 592 A V O I C E F R O M T H E PA S T From the time of the Chicago fire I became more and more engrossed [interested] in the labor struggle and I decided to take an active part in the efforts of the working people to better the conditions under which they worked and lived. Mary Harris Jones, Autobiography of Mother Jones 493 497 Chapter 17 Frederick Douglass, quoted in Battle Cry of Freedom Abraham Lincoln, from the Emancipation Proclamation Agnes, quoted in Reminiscences of Peace and War Union officer, quoted in The Civil War Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, quoted in The Civil War Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs Booker T. Washington, quoted in his autobiography, Up from Slavery Walt Whitman, This Dust Was Once the Man 542 545 546 Chapter 19 Washington Irving, “Rip Van Winkle” Alexis de Tocqueville, Journey to America Daniel Webster, quoted in The Annals of America Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Detroit Tribune, quoted in The Origins of the Republican Party Abraham Lincoln, Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858 Murat Halstead, Caucuses of 1860 Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address 537 540 503 504 507 510 512 519 521 522 T. Thomas Fortune, testimony to a Senate committee, 1883 Mary Harris Jones, Autobiography of Mother Jones A railroad worker, quoted in the Philadelphia Inquirer, July 23, 1877 597 600 601 Chapter 21 Carl Jensen, quoted in A Sunday between Wars Edward Corsi, In the Shadow of Liberty Sarah L. Delany and A. Elizabeth Delany, Having Our Say W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk Mary Ellen Chase, quoted in The Good Old Days—They Were Terrible! 609 614 620 622 626 xxiii Page 17 of 20 Chapter 24 Chapter 22 Nellie Bly, quoted in Nellie Bly: Daredevil, Reporter, Feminist Theodore Roosevelt, speech on April 5, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt, quoted in Yellowstone Eugene V. Debs, quoted in The Annals of America Lillian Wald, quoted in Always a Sister Jane Addams, quoted in Women and the American Experience 639 641 643 646 650 651 A V O I C E F R O M T H E PA S T [I was determined] to adopt an entirely contrary plan of proceedings from that of all others who had . . . visited Japan on the same errand. Louis Armstrong, quoted in Louis: The Louis Armstrong Story by Sandford Brown Franklin D. Roosevelt, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt, State of the Union speech, January 6, 1941 George C. Marshall, speech at Harvard University, June 5, 1947 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., from “I Have a Dream” Chapter 23 659 662 667 668 670 A V O I C E F R O M T H E PA S T I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., “I Have a Dream,” August 28, 1963 xxiv 683 686 690 691 693 695 696 Chapter 25 Epilogue Commodore Matthew Perry, Personal Journal A. T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1805 José Martí, quoted in José Martí, Mentor of the Cuban Nation From the Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League Commodore Matthew Perry, Personal Journal Theodore Roosevelt, from a letter sent to his son Woodrow Wilson, message to Congress, April 2, 1917 Eddie Rickenbacker, Fighting the Flying Circus William John Mason, quoted in The Lost Generation of 1914 Carrie Fearing, quoted in Women, War, and Work Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schenck v. United States, 1919 Henry Cabot Lodge, speech to the Senate, February 28, 1919 Woodrow Wilson, speech in Pueblo, Colorado, on September 25, 1919 707 710 714 717 723 Page 18 of 20 Rand McNally Atlas Human Emergence on Earth A2–A3 World: Political A4–A5 World: Physical A6–A7 North America: Physical A8 South America: Physical A9 Africa: Physical A10 Australia and Oceania A11 Europe: Physical A12–A13 Asia: Physical A14–A15 Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean: Political A16–A17 Native America A18–A19 United States: Political A20–A21 United States: Physical A22–A23 U.S. Outlying Areas A24–A25 North America 1783 A26 The United States 1775–1800 A27 U.S. Territorial Expansion A28–A29 Slavery in the United States 1820–1860 A30 Secession 1860–1861 A31 Western Frontiers 1860–1890 A32 The Civil War A33 U.S. Industries 1920 A34 The Great Depression 1929–1939 A35 Immigration 1820–1870 A36 Immigration 1880–1920 A36 Immigration 1960s–1990s A36 Immigration’s Impact 1910 A37 African American Migration 1940–1970 A38 U.S. Population Density A39 Geography Handbook Regions of the United States The Town of Boston, 1722 The War of 1812 Maps of Hemispheres Maps of Projections Land and Resources Climate Destruction of Original Forests Americans on the Move, 1970s Major League Sports in Southeast Cities California: Cross section at 38° N 2–3 4 7 8 9 11 12 17 18 20 21 Unit 1 Early Migration to the Americas North America, 1500 West African Empires, 800–1500 Exploration Leads to New Sea Routes, 1487–1504 Columbus’s First Voyage, 1492 European Exploration of the Americas, 1500–1550 Hudson’s Voyages Spain’s American Empire, 1700 The Columbian Exchange Early English Settlements, 1585–1607 28 33 40 51 55 63 67 72 74 87 New England Settlements, 1620–1636 95 The 13 English Colonies, 1732 102 The New England Colonies, 1750 110 Triangular Trade, 1750 111 The Middle Colonies, 1750 115 The Southern Colonies, 1750 120 Differences Among the Colonies 125 Backcountry, 1750 127 Claims in North America, 1750 131 French and Indian War, 1754–1763 148 European Claims in North America, 1754 and after 1763 150 French Explorers on the Mississippi 153 Unit 2 The Revolution Begins, 1775 United States and Britain, 1776 War in the Middle States, 1776–1777 War in the North, 1777 War on the Frontier, 1778 War in the South, 1778–1781 Postwar Boundaries, 1783 Battle of Yorktown, 1781 Western Land Claims, 1781 The Land Ordinance of 1785 Ratification in Middle States, 1790 Electoral College (1990 Census) 172 187 195 197 203 209 213 217 223 226 241 256 Unit 3 The Trans-Appalachian West, 1791–1795 Plan for Washington, D.C. United States, 1800 to 1816 The Louisiana Purchase and Explorations, 1804–1807 Native Americans on the Explorers’ Route The War of 1812 The Cotton Kingdom, 1840 Major Canals, 1840 U.S. Boundary Settlements, 1818 and 1819 The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821 Independence in Latin America, 1830 299 305 312 320 325 331 350 355 357 358 363 425 447 Unit 5 Free and Slave States and Territories, 1820–1854 464 The Election of 1860 473 Secession, 1861 477 The States Choose Sides, 1861 483 The Civil War, 1861–1862 494 Anaconda Plan, 1861 499 Battle of Gettysburg 514–515 The Civil War, 1863–1865 517 Siege of Vicksburg, 1863 527 Election of 1876 551 Unit 6 The Western Frontier, 1850–1890 Native American Lands in the West, 1850–1890 Western Cattle Trails Railroads of the Transcontinental Era, 1865–1900 Industry in the Midwest 558 563 581 592 598 Unit 7 The National Parks Today Woman Suffrage, 1919 Alaska, 1867 & Hawaii, 1898 The Spanish-American War: War in the Philippines The Spanish-American War: War in the Caribbean Imperialism in Asia, 1900 Panama Canal U.S. in Latin America, 1898–1917 A Divided Europe, Summer 1914 The Western Front, 1914–1918 Postwar Europe, 1919 Great Migration, 1910–1920 645 652 660 665 665 669 670 672 680 688 697 701 Epilogue World War II in Europe and Asia, 1942–1945 Cold War Hot Spots, 1945–1990 715 731 Special Report: Terrorism and the War in Iraq Unit 4 Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840 Trails West, 1850 The Oregon Trail Coahuila and Texas The Texas Revolution, 1836 Oregon, 1846 The War with Mexico, 1846–1847 Growth of the United States, 1783–1853 Settlement of Texas Immigration and Settlement, 1820–1860 The Underground Railroad 376 395 398 401 405 407 Flight Path of the Hijacked Airliners, September 11, 2001 732 408 410 419 xxv Page 19 of 20 Causes of the War of 1812 Impressment of U.S. Citizens Charts Cause and Effect: Causes of Exploration Slaves Imported to the Americas, 1601–1810 Cause and Effect: King Philip’s War, 1675–1676 Colonial Social Ranks Colonial Government Cause and Effect: Growing Conflict Between Britain and America U.S. Government, 1776–1787 The Great Compromise Federalists and Antifederalists Federalism Goals of the Preamble Federal Office Terms and Requirements Federalism Process for Amending the Constitution The Five Freedoms Reconstruction Amendments Responsibilities of a Citizen The First Political Parties Financial Problems, 1789–1791 Effects: Exploration of the West, 1804–1807 Causes of the War of 1812 The Effects of the War Cause and Effect: U.S. Expansion, 1846–1853 Free African Americans in the North and South Resources, 1860 Interference with American shipping British support of NativeAmerican resistance 48 81 96 136 144 171 224 232 235 245 248 250 262 263 266 271 283 304 309 323 329 333 416 442 484 Cause and Effect: The Civil War, 1861–1865 Reconstruction: Civil Rights Amendments and Laws Population of Western Cities The Business Cycle Growth of Cities, 1880–1910 The Progressive Amendments, 1909–1920 Effects of World War I on Europe Cause and Effect: The Cold War, 1945–1991 The American People Terrorism: A Global Problem 523 549 569 586 631 653 697 720 727 734 School Enrollment, 1840–1870 Costs of the Civil War U.S. Patents Issued, 1860–1909 U.S. Rails Produced, 1860–1909 U.S. Immigration, 1841–1900 Election of 1912 U.S. Trade Expansion, 1865–1915 Military Deaths in World War I Stock Prices, 1925–1933 449 521 589 605 615 655 675 690 709 Graphs Slaves Imported to the Americas, 1493–1810 Population of the Colonies The Middle Colonies, 1750 U.S. Slave Population Choosing Sides Military Deaths in the American Revolution Foreign Trade, 1800–1812 Voter Participation, 1824 & 1828 Elections Sources of Immigration, 1820–1860 Immigration to the United States, 1821–1860 77 105 117 120 193 213 335 389 425 425 CONNECTIONS TO MATH Military Deaths in the American Revolution Number of deaths* American Deaths 30,000 10,000 died in camp 25,000 (of starvation, exposure, or disease) 20,000 15,000 10,000 8,500 died in British prisons 5,000 0 7,200 died in battle British Hessians Americans * These figures are estimates. No figures available for French deaths. Sources: World Book Encyclopedia; An Outline History of the American Revolution xxvi Page 20 of 20 Time Lines Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Amendments 25 59 83 107 133 157 191 219 276 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 291 311 339 367 391 421 455 479 501 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Epilogue Steps to World War II, 1920-1939 531 555 583 607 637 657 677 705 713 Infographics The Rise and Decline of Feudalism Bostonians Paying the Taxman How a Bill Becomes a Law The Elastic Clause Roles of the President Judicial Review Checks and Balances Steps in the Naturalization Process Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Process The Talented Jefferson New England Textile Mill The Cotton Gin 46 162 252 254 258 260 261 281 285 315 343 349 Changes in Ideas About Democracy—Jeffersonian Democracy and Jacksonian Democracy Push–Pull Factors of Immigration Reformers’ Hall of Fame The Sharecropper Cycle of Poverty Native American Leaders Legends of the Old West American Inventors, 1870–1900 Building a Skyscraper Steps to World War I New Technology of War Convoy System Celebrities of the 1920s 373 424 443 543 565 570 588 610 680 681 687 708 The Rise and Decline of Feudalism In feudalism, nobles offered to protect peasants from invaders. In return, the peasants farmed the nobles’ lands. Feudalism made people feel safe enough to travel. Trade increased and towns grew. Then many peasants ran away to towns, where they could live more freely. Feudalism declined. Trade continued to grow. xxvii
