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Reflex arc
Somatic arc
Autonomic Nervous System
Visceral arc
Dorsal
Define—visceral motor neurons
Dorsal root
ganglion
Somatic sensory
ventral root
Visceral sensory
pre- and post-ganglionic
Visceral motor
Gray ramus
communicans
Somatic motor
Preganglionic
Postganglionic
White ramus
communicans
Sympathetic
ganglion
Ventral
fibers
Collateral ganglion
Reflex arc
Visceral arc—
Autonomic Nervous System
motor
Dorsal
Dorsal root
ganglion
Define—visceral motor neurons
Somatic sensory
ventral root
Visceral sensory
pre- and post-ganglionic
Visceral motor
Gray ramus
communicans
Somatic motor
Preganglionic
Postganglionic
White ramus
communicans
sympathetic
Sympathetic
ganglion
Ventral
Two contrasting systems
parasympathetic
fibers
Collateral ganglion
Autonomic
Nervous System
1
Autonomic
Nervous System
Sympathetic
Nervous System
Fight or
Flee
Sympathetic
chain ganglia
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
Exceptions:
Adrenal gland
Peripheral bv
Sweat glands
Neurotransmitter
Otto Loewi
• 1873—1961
Preganglionic to Postganglionic
2
Neurotransmitter
Adrenal gland—sympathetic,
preganglionic
Medical Implications
Raynaud’s Disease
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Preganglionic to Postganglionic
Dorsal
Dorsal root
ganglion
Types of Sensory Receptors
Somatic sensory
Visceral sensory
Visceral motor
Gray ramus
communicans
Somatic motor
Preganglionic
Postganglionic
White ramus
communicans
Interoceptors -- inside
Sympathetic
ganglion
Ventral
Exteroceptors -- outside
Proprioceptors – special interoceptors
fibers
Collateral ganglion
Motor connections cortex to primary motor neurons
Pain, temperature, tactile sensations to Thalamus
3
= Corticospinal
Medulla oblongata
Functions
roots of cranial nerves
ascending and descending pathways
centers (visceral, auditory, proprioceptive)
(e.g. respiration, heart beat)
Input
sensory nerves, hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Cerebellum
Functions—monitors & modifies
Equilibrium (touch, vision, hearing, etc)
4
Cerebellum
Cerebellum
Functions—monitors & modifies
Equilibrium (touch, vision, hearing, etc)
Refinement of motor action
Ataxia
Dysmetria
Cerebellum
OPTIC LOBES
(mesencephalon)
Anatomy
tectum—roof
sensory
tegmentum—floor
motor
Cerebellum
Functions—monitors & modifies
Equilibrium (touch, vision, hearing, etc)
Refinement of motor action
Evolution
fishes—acousticolateralis system
Evolution
(lateral line system)
tetrapods—proprioception from limbs,
body
Blindsight
transfer forward
THALAMUS
Blindsight
Epithalamus
pineal, habenular nucleus,
post. commisure
Hypothalamus
visceral brain center
(temp., water, appetite,
emotion, other)
Thalamus proper
relay center
5
CEREBRUM
Cerebral hemispheres
Pallium
medial
dorsal
lateral
Subpallium
Striatum
Septum
Morphological
PALLIUM
out dated (tired)
Descriptive (wired)
Medial ------------ Archipallium
(Hippocampus)
Dorsal
Neopallium
(Cerebral cortex)
Lateral
Paleopallium
(Piriform cortex)
Striatum
Corpus striatum
(Basal nuclei)
Septum
Septum
(Septal nuclei)
Cerebral
Cortex
SUBPALLIUM
(limbic system)
Morphological
PALLIUM
out dated (tired)
Descriptive (wired)
Medial ------------ Archipallium
(Hippocampus)
Dorsal
Neopallium
(Cerebral cortex)
Lateral
Paleopallium
(Piriform cortex)
Striatum
Corpus striatum
(Basal nuclei)
Septum
Septum
(Septal nuclei)
Cerebral
Cortex
SUBPALLIUM
(limbic system)
6
7
Limbic System
Reticular
Reticular
Formation
formation
Experimental Approaches
8
Circuitry
Circuitry
Nuclei
of CNS
Ablation/lesion
Corpus callosum
9
P.E.T.
Positron-emission tomography
Epileptic seizures
10