Download The Spread Of Islam

THE
SPREA
D OF
ISLAM
100%
Islam
CRISIS
• Muhammad dies in
632
• Muslims now had
to find a new leader
• Muhammad did not
name a successor
SOLUTION
• Muslims chose AbuBakr who was a
loyal friend of
Muhammad
• He became the first
Caliph
• Caliph – (kay-lif)
means successor or
deputy
ABU-BAKR
• After Muhammad died some
Muslims
• Refused to pay taxes
• Tried to say they were prophets
themselves
• Some tribes abandoned Islam
• In order to get things under
control, Abu-Bakr used the
military to get authority.
MUSLIM
STATE
• By the time Abu died, the Muslim state
controlled all of Arabia
• Under the next 2 caliphs they took:
• Syria
• Lower Egypt
• Parts of Persia
• By 750 they controlled from the Atlantic
Ocean to the Indus River (2x the width of
the USA!!)
MUSLIM
TROOPS
• They were successful
because they were
• Willing to struggle till
the end for Islam
• Well disciplined
• Expertly commanded
• Enemies were not used
to their style of
warfare
BYZANTINE
AND PERSIA
• The Byzantine and Persia were already
weak from long time conflicts
• The people welcomed Islam
TREATMENT
OF
CONQUERED
PEOPLE
• Muslims were tolerant of conquered people
• The Quran forbids forceful conversion
• They let others keep their religion if they paid a
poll tax
• People who did not convert were not allowed to
spread their own religions
INTERNAL
CONFLICT
• The 2 Caliphs after
Abu Bakr were
assassinated
• After their
assassinations, the
elective system of
choosing caliphs
ended
UMAYYADS
• A family that came to
power in 661
• They set up a
hereditary system of
getting new leaders.
• They moved the
Muslim capital to
Damascus
UMAYYADS
• Surrounded
themselves with
riches
• Some Muslims
did not agree
with the
Umayyads and
split.
THE SPLIT
• Muslims split into two groups:
SHI’A
• Believe the leader should be a
relative of Muhammad
SUNNI
• This group followed the Umayyad rule
and followed Muhammad’s example.
SUFI
• Another group who
reacted against the rich
life of the Umayyads
• They led a life of poverty
and devotion to the
spiritual life of Islam
• They meditated and
chanted
• Focused on the Quran