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SEMESTER 1 UNITS Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Science Chapter 1 – An Introduction to Environmental Science Chapter 2 – Environmental Ethics and Economics: Values and Choices Chapter 3 – Environmental Policy: Decision Making and Problem Solving o o o o o o What is Environmental Science? Experimental Design (independent vs. dependent variables) V.I. C. Economic Impacts (Cost-benefit analysis; externalities; marginal costs; sustainability) Pg. 634-644 I.V. G. Global Economics Globalization Pg. 633-635, 639-646 World Bank Pg. 334, 388, 394 Tragedy of the Commons Pg. 12, 659 Relevant laws and treaties Pg. 674-676, S6-S10 V. B. 1. Energy Consumption History Industrial Revolution Pg. 72, 511 Exponential growth Pg. 16-17, 116, 691 Energy crisis Pg. 372-379 IV. D. 4. Land conservation options Preservation Pg. 233-236, S6 Remediation Pg. 619-620 Mitigation Pg. 265-267, 636-638 Restoration Pg. 266-268 Also conservation, reclamation Unit 2: Basic Chemistry and Energy Concepts Chapter 4 – From Chemistry to Energy to Life Chapter 5 – Environmental Systems and Ecosystem Ecology (Pages 173-197) o o o V. A. Energy Concepts energy forms Pg. 44-47 power; units Pg. 414-418, S2 conservation Pg. 403-405 Laws of Thermodynamics Pg. 41-42 II. B. Energy Flow (Photosynthesis and cellular respiration) Pg. 54-57, 62-63 II. E. Natural Biogeochemical Cycles (Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water, conservation of matter) Pg. 59-63 Unit 3: Ecology Chapter 6 – Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology Chapter 7 – Species Interactions and Community Ecology Chapter 8 – Biodiversity and Conservation Biology o o o II. A. Ecosystem Structure biological populations and communities Pg. 58, 109-114 ecological niches Pg. 91-94, 103 interactions among species Pg. 103-104 keystone species Pg. 76, 94-96, 100 species diversity and edge effects Pg. 90-91 major terrestrial and aquatic biomes Pg. 148-160, 169-182 II. B. Energy Flow (food webs and trophic levels; ecological pyramids) Pg. 59-61 II. C. Ecosystem Diversity o o o biodiversity Pg. 79-81, 169, 170-177 natural selection Pg. 83-85 evolution Pg. 83-91 ecosystem services Pg. 234-242 II. D. Natural Ecosystem Change climate shifts Pg. 86, 507-517, 536-537 species movement Pg. 87-89, 191, 249-250, 268 ecological succession Pg. 109-110 III. A. Population Biology Concepts population ecology Pg. 109-110 carrying capacity; reproductive strategies Pg. 111-114 survivorship Pg. 111-113, 126-132 VII. C. Loss of Biodiversity Habitat loss; overuse; pollution; introduced species; endangered and extinct species Pg. 87-91, 190-194, 197-203, 231-232, 237-242, 249-250 Maintenance through conservation Pg. 237, 239-243, 304-305 Relevant laws and treaties Pg. 207-212, 235, 259-260, 298-299, 665-668, S8 Unit 4: Water Chapter 9 – Freshwater Resources: Natural, Human Impact, and Conservation Chapter 10 – Marine and Coastal Systems: Resources, Impacts, and Conservation o o o o I. C. Global Water Resources and Use freshwater/saltwater Pg. 169, 316, 319-321, 326, 329-330, 332-333, 335-343 ocean circulation Pg. 145-146 agricultural, industrial, and domestic use Pg. 310-321 surface and groundwater issues Pg. 178-182, 184, 319-321 global problems Pg. 169, 316, 319-321, 326, 329-330, 332-333, 335-343, 542-564 conservation Pg. 336-343 VI. A. 3. Water pollution types Pg. 544-570 sources, causes, and effects Pg. 545-570 cultural eutrophication Pg. 550-552 groundwater pollution Pg. 554-557 maintaining water quality; water purification Pg. 556-557 sewage treatment/septic systems Pg. 565-566 Clean Water Act and other relevant laws Pg. 557-558, 668 IV. F. Fishing fishing techniques Pg. 252-256 overfishing Pg. 256-257, 263-265 aquaculture Pg. 264-265 relevant laws and treaties Pg. 264 V. E. Hydroelectric Power dams Pg. 420-421 flood control Pg. 329-332, 344 salmon Pg. 269-270 silting Pg. 170, 420 other impacts Pg. 181, 420-421 NOTE: Dams as they relate to drinking water. Discuss pros and cons of dams in this unit – Will revisit hydroelectric power in Unit 9. Unit 5: The Atmosphere and Climate Change Chapter 11 – Atmospheric Science and Air Pollution Chapter 12 – Global Climate Change o o o o o o I. B. the Atmosphere composition Pg. 53, 475-476 structure Pg. 53, 475-476 weather and climate Pg. 145-146, 475, 507-510, S19-S23 atmospheric circulation and the Coriolis Effect Pg. 145-148 atmosphere–ocean interactions Pg. 145-148, S22 ENSO Pg. S20-S21 I. A. Earth Science Concepts (seasons; solar intensity and latitude) Pg. 145 VI. A. 1. Air pollution sources—primary and secondary; major air pollutants; measurement units Pg. 476-485 smog Pg. 148, 481-484 acid deposition—causes and effects Pg. 485-488 heat islands and temperature inversions Pg. 483-484 indoor air pollution Pg. 488-491 remediation and reduction strategies Pg. 493-496 Clean Air Act and other relevant laws Pg. 493-494, S8 VI. A. 2. Noise pollution (Sources; effects; control measures) Pg. 612-613 VII. A. Stratospheric Ozone formation of stratospheric ozone Pg. 53, 475-476 ultraviolet radiation; causes of ozone depletion; effects of ozone depletion; strategies for reducing ozone depletion; relevant laws and treaties Pg. 527-529 VII. B. Global Warming Greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect Pg. 53, 147, 507-508 impacts and consequences of global warming Pg. 516-524 reducing climate change Pg. 525-535 relevant laws and treaties Pg. 532-535 SEMESTER 2 UNITS Unit 6: Geology, Soil Science, and Fossil Fuels Chapter 13 – Geology Topics (Pages 198-201) Chapter 14 – Soil and Agriculture Chapter 15 – Fossil Fuels, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation o o o o o o o I.A. Earth Science Concepts geologic time scale Pg. 8, 83, 86 plate tectonics Pg. 86, 351-353 earthquakes Pg. 86, 364-369 volcanism Pg. 86, 364, S55 I. D. Soil and Soil Dynamics rock cycle Pg. 357-360 formation; composition Pg. 290, 351-352 physical and chemical properties; main soil types Pg. 290 erosion and other soil problems Pg. 288-290, 304-305 soil conservation Pg. 304-310 IV. A. Agriculture 1. irrigation Pg. 281 sustainable agriculture Pg. 269-309 IV. C. Rangelands overgrazing Pg.231-232 desertification Pg. 289-291 rangeland management Pg. 231-232 federal rangelands Pg. 233-236 IV. E. Mining mineral formation Pg. 353-356 extraction Pg. 357-361 global reserves Pg. 361-364 relevant laws and treaties Pg. 364-369 V. B. Energy Consumption 2. Present global energy use Pg. 376-379, S2 3. Future energy needs Pg. Pg. 432-436 V. C. Fossil Fuel Resources and Use formation of coal, oil, and natural gas Pg. 385-388 extraction/purification methods Pg. 361, 376-377 world reserves and global demand Pg. 372-374, 376-377, S56-S57 environmental advantages/disadvantages of sources Pg. 376-381 Unit 7: Human Population Growth, Agriculture, and Land Use Chapter 16 – Human Population Chapter 17 – Agriculture, Biotechnology, and the Future of Food Chapter 18 – Resource Management, Forestry, Land Use, and Protected Areas o III. B. Human Population 1. Human population dynamics Historical population sizes Pg. 111-113, 120, 123-130 distribution Pg. 111-113, S6 fertility rates Pg. 124-130 S45 growth rates and doubling times Pg. 124-130 S44 demographic transition Pg. 131-132, 134-135 age-structure diagrams Pg. 111-113, 132 2. Population size Strategies for sustainability; case studies; national policies Pg. 131-137 3. Impacts of population growth Hunger Pg. 137, 279-280, 287-299 disease Pg. 137, 443-444 economic effects; resource use Pg. 124, 137 habitat destruction Pg. 137, 249-250 IV. A. Agriculture 1. Feeding a growing population Human nutritional requirements Pg. 279 types of agriculture Pg. 283-283 Green Revolution Pg. 284-285 genetic engineering and crop production Pg. 285 deforestation Pg. 223-226 2. Controlling pests Types of pesticides Pg. 296-300 costs and benefits of pesticide use Pg. 296-297 integrated pest management Pg. 300-301 relevant laws Pg. 298-299, S7 IV. B. Forestry Tree plantations Pg. 219-220 old growth forests Pg. 219 forest fires Pg. 222-223 forest management Pg. 226-231 national forests Pg. 233-236 IV. C. Rangelands Deforestation Pg. 231-232 IV. D. Other land use 3. Public and federal lands Management Pg. 662-663, S8 wilderness areas Pg. 236-237, S8 national parks Pg. 233-236 wildlife refuges Pg. 210-211 forests Pg. 30, 220, 224 wetlands Pg. 181-182, 265-267 IV. D. 5. Sustainable land-use strategies Pg. 226-240, 242-243 o o o o o Unit 8: Toxicology and Waste Management Chapter 19 – Environmental Health and Toxicology Chapter 20 – Waste Management o o o VI Pollution Types A. 4. Solid waste Types Pg. 576-579 disposal Pg. 580-596 reduction Pg. 590-600 B. Impacts on the Environment and Human Health 1. Hazards to human health Environmental risk analysis Pg. 442-453 acute and chronic effects Pg. 443-457 dose-response relationships Pg. 458-459 air pollutants Pg. 479-488 smoking and other risks Pg. 466-467 2. Hazardous chemicals in the environment Types of hazardous waste Pg. 453-458 treatment/disposal of hazardous waste Pg. 590-596 cleanup of contaminated sites Pg. 596 biomagnification Pg. 458-459 relevant laws Pg. 595-596 Unit 9: Energy Alternatives Chapter 21 – Conventional Energy Alternatives Chapter 22 – New Renewable Energy Alternatives o o o o o V. D. Nuclear Energy Nuclear fission process; nuclear fuel; electricity production; nuclear reactor types; environmental advantages/disadvantages Pg. 389-396 safety issues; radiation and human health Pg. 395-396 radioactive wastes; nuclear fusion Pg. 396 V. E. Hydroelectric Power Dams Pg. 420-421 flood control Pg. 329-332, 344 salmon Pg. 269-270 silting Pg.170, 420 other impacts Pg. 181, 420-421 V. F. Energy Conservation Energy efficiency Pg. 400-436 CAFE standards Pg. 405-406 hybrid electric vehicles Pg. 406-407 mass transit Pg. 435, 615-619 V. G. Renewable Energy Solar energy Pg. 414-419, 632 solar electricity Pg. 417-419, S60-S61 hydrogen fuel cells Pg. 430-432 biomass Pg. 424-426 wind energy Pg. 421-423, 436, S62 small-scale hydroelectric Pg. 420 ocean waves and tidal energy Pg. 420-421 geothermal Pg. 427-430 environmental advantages/disadvantages Pg. 413-431 V. C. Synfuels Pg. 388 Unit 10: Sustainable Solutions Chapter 23 – Urbanization and Creating Livable Cities Chapter 24 – Sustainable Solutions o IV. D. Other Land Use 1. Urban land development Planned development Pg. 605-621 suburban sprawl Pg. 605-611 urbanization 605-615, 622-626 2. Transportation infrastructure Federal highway system Pg. 615-619 canals and channels Pg. 332-334 roadless areas Pg. 221 ecosystem impacts Pg. 221, 615-620