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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
WEATHER NOTES 1. __________________ of the earth is water. 2. The mass of air that surrounds the earth is the _________________________. 3. Water is found in the atmosphere in the form of ___________, snow,_______________, sleet, water vapor and the water _____________________ that make up clouds. 4. All these gases are held in the atmosphere by the earth’s ____________________________ pull. 5. There are _______________ layers to the earth’s atmosphere 6. The ___________________ is between ______________ miles from earth’s surface and contains _______________, weather, water and dust particles, flying animals, and _____________________________. 7. The _________________________ is _________ miles from earth, is 40 degrees, and contains the ______________ layer and _______________ planes. 8. The ____________________ is at ________________ miles. It is the _________________ part of the atmosphere (at –90 degrees) and only large helium ____________________ fly there. 9. The ______________________ is located _________________ miles from earth and is the _________________ layer (930-3,000 degrees). ___________________, Sputnik, and the ____________ can go there. 10. The ___________________ is any area in space over ________________ miles from earth. There are _________ atmospheric gases from earth in this layer. The _________________ and other spaceships can go there. 11. About halfway through the ________________ at _____________ miles, the atmosphere merges with the thin gases of ______________________space. This is where space begins. 12. _________________________ is the condition of the ______________________ layer of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. 13. We experience weather in ____________________, wind, ___________________________________, and humidity. 14. The _____________________ effect is the way the winds _____________________ around the earth because of its ____________________________. 15. This ____________________ of air is mainly responsible for the _____________________________conditions around the world. 16. The __________________________ movement of air in a specific direction over an area is called a __________________________. 17. There are _______________________ jetstreams that cover the ______________________________. 18. This causes the air in the United States to consistently __________________ in a ______________________direction. 19. One jetstream brings _____________________ air from the _______________________. The other brings _____________________ and moister air from the _____________________________. 20. These bands of moving air run from ______________ to _________________, basically ________________________the United States in _______________________________. 21. A ______________________ is a mass of billions of tiny ______________________ of waters or ice crystals floating above earth. 22. Clouds form when ___________________________________ air meets ________________________ air. 23. It is only when water droplets repeatedly _________________ and _______________________ together into large droplets, that they finally become __________________ enough to fall as _________________. 24. 3 basic types of clouds ___________________________, _______________________, ______________________________ 25. _______________________ are white ______________________ shapes in the sky made by ______________________when moisture from burning fuel meets cold air. 26. _________________________ is any kind of ________________ or ____________________ that falls from the ________________. 27. The _____________________ on earth is continually being _____________________ from one _________________ to __________________. 28. This change in the state of matter of water is called the _______________________. 29. There are _____________ steps to the ______________________. 30. STEP 1. Water in ________________and _______________ is ______________ by the sun’s energy and ________________ into the air (evaporation) 31. STEP 2. The _____________________ rises high enough to _________________ and form a ______________________ (condensation) 32. STEP 3 The ___________________ falls from the cloud as _______________, ____________________, _______________, or _________________________ (precipitation) 33. In areas of high ______________________, dirt particles contain ____________________________________. 34. When they attach to the water droplets in the cloud and fall to earth, they are called ______________________________. 35. There are over _________________ lightning strikes on earth every _________________________________. 36. In North America alone, about _________________ people a ______________________________are struck by lightning, a _____________________ of them _________________________. 37. Lightning is caused by __________________________ currents that pass between a ____________________ and the ______________________. 38. _______________________ are frequently caused by lightning strikes. When lightning is _______________ accompanied by _____________________, forest fires will quickly _____________________ over a large area. LIGHTNING STEPS 39. clouds have a __________________ charge 40. ground has a __________________ charge 41. ___________________ send their negative charge _______________ 42. __________________ sends its positive charge _____________ 43. _______________ occurs where the two charges ___________ 3 TYPES OF LIGHTNING 44. _________________________, _________________________, _____________________________ CLOUD –TO- AIR 45. _______________________ powerful 46. caused by too much ________________ charge in ___________ surrounding cloud CLOUD-TO-CLOUD 47. most _________________ type 48. travels _____________ a cloud or ______________ cloud to cloud 49. ____________ clouds, so too far away to hear ________________ CLOUD-TO-GROUND 50. _________________ charge in ___________________ travels to ______________________ charge from _____________________ 51. Lightning comes in many different ___________________. LIGHTNING COLORS 52. ________________ means _____________ in the cloud 53. ________________ means _____________ in the cloud 54. ________________ is caused by ________________ 55. _______________________ means low _________________ (most _______________________ are started by white lightning) 56. _________________________ is created because some of the tremendous _____________________ of lightning flashes is turned into ___________________ and then into ____________________ waves. 57. A ________________________ is a storm in which strong ___________________ whirl around a low-pressure center. 58. A hurricane is made of _____________________ of large ___________________________ that spiral around each other. 59. The ________________ blow at speeds of _____________ miles per hour or greater, sometimes reaching 200 miles per hour. 60. They occur in a narrow __________________between ___________________________on either side of the __________________________. 61. The reason for this that they require _____________________ temperatures of at least _______________degrees to form. 62. Hurricane-like storms in the ____________________ are called _____________________________. 63. A _____________________, or twister, is a ________________________ storm with ____________________ winds. 64. The winds make their way to earth as a spinning ______________________________cloud. 65. Tornados can occur ____________________ or in large ____________________________ as large as 100 to 150. 66. That conditions that create a tornado involve _______________________, ____________________ air meeting _____________________ air and ______________________, _____________________ air. 67. The ______________________ Tornado Scale is a scientific classification system to categorize the strength of a tornado. It ranges from _____________________. 68. Most tornadoes only rate ____________ on the Fujita scale meaning there is very ______________damage. 69. Only about _________________ of all tornadoes are rated _____________________________ on the scale, meaning that they are extremely destructive. 70. The _____________________ Wind Scale classifies a _______________________ strength. 71. A __________________________ is a tornado like structure that develops over the __________________________. 72. Unlike a tornado, a water spout forms from the ___________________ to the _________________. 73. ________________________ occur in ______________________ areas like the Middle East and the Southwestern parts of the U.S. (like Arizona) and are caused by ___________________ winds blowing over loose ______________ or __________________. 74. Poor ___________________ for driving and _____________________ problems can cause deaths. 75. ________________________ is the ______________________ weather in an area over a ____________________ period of time. 76. It is classified based on two factors: amount of ______________________and normal yearly __________________________. 77. Climate is categorized into _____________________ systems. ____________________ climate has permanent ________________ or _______________ and only light precipitation. The warmest month is 50 degrees. 78. _______________________________ climates have __________summers and _______________winters with a low of 27 degrees and an average rainfall less than 20 inches a year. 79. _________________________________climates have _____________ winters with the coldest month between 27 and 64 degrees. The average yearly rainfall is between 20-40 inches. 80. ______________________ climates average no less than 64 degrees at any time. The average _______________ in a year is _______________________, with 6-15 inches in the rainy season.. 81. ______________ climates are areas that average ____________________10 inches of rainfall a year. 82. The causes of climate change can be divided into ____________ categories - those that are due to ______________________ causes and those that are created by ___________________. 83. Land that was covered with _____________________ has been cleared to make way for _______________________. 84. _________________________resources are being used extensively for _________________________, industries, __________________________________, and consumption. CONSUMERISM 85. humans are daily creating mountains of ____________________. _______________________ could help greatly reduce the amount of ____________________________ that is collected each year. 86. ________________________ has increased to an incredible extent. 87. All this has contributed to a rise in _____________________ gases in the _______________________. GREENHOUSE GASES 88. Deforestation, land clearing, agriculture, and other activities have all led to a rise in the emission of __________________________. 89. _________________________ is another important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. 90. About _____________ of all methane emissions are said to come from domesticated _________________ such as dairy cows, goats, pigs, buffaloes, camels, horses, and sheep. 91. Methane is also released from ________ or _____________ fields. 92. Methane is also emitted from _________________and other waste dumps. 93. There are a number of _____________________ factors responsible for climate change. 94. Some of the more prominent ones are continental drift, _____________________, ocean currents, the _____________________________, and __________________ and meteorites. 95. _________________________ had an impact on the climate because it __________________ the physical ________________ of the landmass, their _____________________ position and the ________________of water bodies. 96. When a volcano _______________ it throws out large volumes of _______________________(SO2), water vapor, __________________, and __________________ into the atmosphere. 97. The large volumes of gases and ash can influence climatic __________________ for ____________________. 98. The gases and dust particles partially ________________________ the incoming rays of the _______________, leading to ___________________________. 99. Changes in the ____________ of the earth can affect the severity of the __________________ - ____________ tilt means warmer summers and colder winters; ______________ tilt means cooler summers and milder winters. 100. ___________________ is the distance above sea level. 101. As you go higher up a mountain, the air pressure ________________ and the gas molecules spread farther and farther apart and hold _____________ heat, so it becomes _______________________. 102. _________________ determines the amount of ____________________________ received by that region. 103. Regions close to the __________________ receive direct rays of the sun and therefore receive _______________ of the sun’s __________________________and are ____________________. 104. At the areas closer to the ____________________ the sun’s rays are at an angle so these areas receive ______________sun’s _________________ and are _____________________________. 105. ______________________, like air, moves around the earth as warm or cold winds and currents. 106. It moves in a ______________from ______________, to ____________, to ______________, and back to ______________________. 107. Water in the ocean travels in paths called ___________________. 108. Currents can either be ____________ or _________________. 109. The temperature of the ______________ affects the temperature of the _______________ above it. 110. If the ____________ is _____________, it _______________ the ________________ above it. 111. If it is _________________, it ____________ up the ___________________above it. 112. Ocean _________________ traveling away from the ____________________ are __________________. 113. Currents flowing ________________________ the equator are _______________________. These cooled air masses then flow over the regions in their path. 114. Much of the heat that escapes from the oceans is in the form of _____________________. 115. Water vapor contributes to the formation of ________________, which ________________the surface and have a net ____________________ effect. 116. It is important to us that the oceans stay ____________________. 117. They drive our ______________ and ___________________. 118. Oceans provide a ___________________for many _________________ of people worldwide through fishing, energy and mineral resources, shipping, and leisure activities 119. Oceans pose ______________through _______________, _________________________, storms, sea level change and coastal _________________. More than _____________the world’s population lives near the __________________. 120. Most _______________ eventually ends up in the oceans, with the result that ________________________ is a global problem - every part of every ocean is now affected. 121. The amount of ______________________in a region is affected by _______________________ ranges in that area. 122. Mountains cause ______________to ____________________. 123. __________________ air becomes ______________ dense allowing the ____________________of water. 124. __________________________ occurs. 125. _________________________ can greatly affect the amount of precipitation an area receives depending on the amount of ______________________ they are carrying. 126. These winds can move ________________ masses from the _____________ onto a _____________________ bringing _____________________________ onto the continent. 127. Or winds may move air ______________________________ from continent to the ocean, moving ______________________air from the continent. 128. These winds affect the _____________________ of an area. GREENHOUSE EFFECT 129. The greenhouse effect occurs when ________________________ levels in the air build up and hold _____________ in the earth’s _____________________. 130. It causes a _________________ in the _________________ layer and ____________________warming. 131. _____________________ measure the temperature at many different locations several times each day to determine how much the earth’s temperature is ___________________________. 132. We are __________________ in one of the _________________ periods in our earth’s _________________________. 133. Another way we are altering the weather in a dangerous way is by _____________________. ___________________pollutants in the air create _______________________ and __________________. 134. ________________ is a kind of _____________________ weather, a _______________________of _______________ and _____________ that is darker and heavier than normal fog. 135. ____________________ in the atmosphere open ______________ in the __________________ layer and allow ___________________ rays to reach earth’s surface. 136. This increase can ______________ the planet and __________________ the risk of __________________________.