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Topic
Cell structure
Materials
For each student:
Cell Mates rubber band book
#19 rubber bands
scissors
student pages
Key Question
What are some of the structures found in plant and
animal cells?
Learning Goals
Students will:
• identify some of the structures of plant and
animal cells,
• compare and contrast plant and animal cells, and
• identify the function of some plant and animal cell
structures.
For each student group:
Cell Mates Match game cards
Background Information
All living things are made of cells. Cells are
divided into two broad categories: prokaryotic cells
and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have
membrane-bound structures, while eukaryotic cells do.
Bacteria, algae, and other members of the Bacteria and
Archaea Kingdom are prokaryotic. Plant and animal
cells as well as protists and fungi are eukaryotic.
All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and
genetic material. Aside from those similarities, cells
can vary depending on the structures (organelles)
present and the function of the cell.
The two main categories of eukaryotic cells are
plant and animal. These cells have many structures
in common including a cell membrane, nucleus,
cytoplasm, and vacuoles. Plant cells contain two
key structures that most animal cells do not—a
cell wall and chloroplasts (in plant parts where
photosynthesis occurs).
This activity will provide an opportunity for
students to explore the structure plant and animal
cells and the function of their parts.
Guiding Documents
Project 2061 Benchmarks
• Materials may be composed of parts that are too
small to be seen without magnification.
• All living things are composed of cells, from just
one to many millions, whose details usually are
visible only through a microscope. Different body
tissues and organs are made up of different kinds
of cells. The cells in similar tissues and organs in
other animals are similar to those in human beings
but differ somewhat from cells found in plants.
NRC Standards
• Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and
function. Important levels of organization for structure and function include cells, organs, tissues, organ
systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems.
• All organisms are composed of cells—the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other
organisms, including humans, are multicellular.
Management
1. Prepare a set of Cell Mates Match game cards for
each student group. Copy the cards onto card
stock and laminate, if possible.
2.Student group sizes of three or four work well
with the match game portion of this activity.
3.Each student will need his or her own copy of the
plant and animal study prints pages and the Venn
diagram page. The page of plant and animal cell
structures can be shared among three students.
Science
Life science
cell structure
Integrated Processes
Observing
Communicating
Comparing and contrasting
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
4.The Cell Mates game can be played with students
selecting three cards that match (description,
name, picture). However, when students are just
beginning to learn the structures and functions of
the cell parts, it may be beneficial to remove one
of the three components so they are selecting
only two cards to match. Students should play
the game until they can match all three.
6. Play as many times as desired, rotating the player
who begins.
Connecting Learning
1.What are the structures found in animal cells?
[cell membrane, vacuoles, nucleus, cytoplasm]
2.What are the structures found in plant cells?
[cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm,
chloroplasts]
3.What are some ways that plant and animal cells
are alike? [both have cell membrane, vacuoles,
and cytoplasm]
4.What are some ways that plant and animal cells
are different? [Plant cells have cell walls and
chloroplasts. Animal cells are round or irregular
in shape, while plant cells are rectangular.]
5.Why do you think we learned about plant and
animal cell structures in different ways?
6.What are you wondering now?
Procedure
1.Ask the Key Question and state the Learning Goals.
2.Give each student a copy of the plant and animal
cell study prints. Ask the students to read the
rubber band book and take notes on the study
print pages.
3.Discuss with the students the information contained in the book and have them share what
they have recorded on their study print pages.
4. Direct a discussion and have the class describe each
part of the cell’s function with one or two words.
For example, the nucleus could be described as the
“brain” of the cell.
5.Distribute scissors, the Venn diagram sheet, and
the page of plant and animal structures.
6. Direct the students to cut apart the plant and animal
cell structure pictures and place the pictures in the
correct section of the Venn based on which structures are found in which kinds of cells.
7.Discuss what plant and animal cells have in
common and how they are different.
8.Tell the students that they will be playing a game
that will help them review what they have learned
about plant and animal cells.
9.Explain the rules of Cell Mates Match. Tell them
that they can use any notes or their Cell Mates
rubber band book for reference while they play.
10.Distribute the cards and encourage students to
play the game several times.
Extensions
1.Research other plant and animal cell structures
and the functions they serve. Add those structures to the study print drawings.
2.Make three-dimensional models of plant and
animal cells and label the parts.
Cell Mates Match Rules
1.Shuffle all the cards and lay them face down in a
rectangular array.
2.The person with the birthday closest to today’s
date goes first.
3.A player’s turn begins with turning over three
cards. The goal is to match the picture of the
cell structure with its name and description. If all
three cards match, the player removes the cards
from the game and turns over another three
cards. If they do not match, the player turn them
face down again. A player’s turn continues until
he or she does not get a match.
4.Play continues in a clockwise direction until all of
the cards are matched and removed.
5. The player with the most matched sets is the winner.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
Key Question
What are some of the
structures found in plant
and animal cells?
Learning Goals
Students will:
• identify some of the structures
of plant and animal cells,
• compare and contrast plant and animal
cells, and
• identify the function of some plant and
animal cell structures.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
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One way to help tell the difference
between plant and animal cells is how they
look. Plant cells are rectangular and box-like
in their shape. Animal cells are more rounded
or irregular.
Everything on the Earth is made up of
atoms and molecules. So what makes you
different from something like a rock? You,
like all living things, are made of cells. Cells
are the basic unit of life.
There are many other organelles in plant
and animal cells that work along with these
parts. There are also different types of
plant and animal cells, each with their own
unique structure and function.
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6
There are two main kinds of cells—prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells
have structures enclosed by a membrane. Prokaryotic cells do not. Bacteria and algae are two examples of living
things that have prokaryotic cells. You,
a cat, and a tree are all
examples of living things made of
eukaryotic cells.
Plant cells have two unique structures not
found in animal cells. The first is a cell wall.
The cell wall is found outside the cell membrane. It gives the plant cell support. The
other unique structure is the chloroplast.
Chloroplasts are the organelles in plants
where photosynthesis takes place.
Eukaryotic cells come in two kinds: plant and animal. Plant and animal cells have several features in common. They both have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and vacuoles.
• The cell membrane is like the skin of the cell. It holds everything together and controls
what comes into and goes out of the cell.
• The nucleus controls what the cell does, kind of like your brain controls what you do.
• Cytoplasm is a jelly-like liquid that fills most of the inside of the cell. The other cell
structures (called organelles) are located in the cytoplasm.
• Vacuoles are used as storage spaces for the cell. They store food coming into the cell and
waste materials that are leaving the cell. Vacuoles in plant cells are usually much larger than
the vacuoles in animal cells.
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4
Describe the functions of
the cell’s parts.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
Describe the functions of the cell’s parts.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
Vacuole
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell wall
Vacuole
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell wall
Vacuole
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Cell membrane
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
This structure in plant
cells controls all the
other structures and
cell activity.
This structure in animal
cells controls all the
other structures and
cell activity.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
This is the jelly-like
liquid that the
organelles inside the
plant cell are floating
around in.
This is the jelly-like
liquid that the
organelles inside the
animal cell are floating
around in.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
This structure in
plant cells controls
the movement of
materials in and out
of the cell.
This structure in animal
cells controls the
movement of materials
in and out of the cell.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
This structure
provides a storage
space for materials
in the plant cell.
This structure
provides a storage
space for materials
in the animal cell.
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation
This structure is found
in some plant cells and
some protists. This
structure is where
photosynthesis takes
place. Photosynthesis is
the process that plants
use to make food from
sunlight.
This is a unique
structure not found
in animal cells. It is
the only part of a
plant cell that is not
living. This structure
provides support for
the plant cell.
CO
N
NE
C T I NG
Connecting Learning
LEA
RN
1.What are the structures
found in animal cells?
G
IN
2.What are the structures
found in plant cells?
3.What are some ways that plant and
animal cells are alike?
4.What are some ways that plant and
animal cells are different?
5.Why do you think we learned
about plant and animal cell
structures in different ways?
6.What are you wondering now?
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© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation