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Māori Style Guide Contents What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4 New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4 Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5 Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5 Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5 Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 6 Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 7 Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7 Informative References ............................................................................................................. 7 Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 9 Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 9 Characters ................................................................................................................................ 9 Date .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Time ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 13 Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 18 Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 19 Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 19 Articles .................................................................................................................................... 20 Capitalisation .......................................................................................................................... 20 Compounds............................................................................................................................. 21 Gender .................................................................................................................................... 21 Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 22 Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 22 Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 23 Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 23 Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 23 Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 25 Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 26 Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 26 Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces........................................................................................... 26 Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 27 Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 28 Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 28 Audience ................................................................................................................................. 28 Style ........................................................................................................................................ 29 Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 29 Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 30 General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 30 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 30 Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 31 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 31 Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 32 Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 32 Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 32 Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 33 Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 33 Standardised Translations ...................................................................................................... 33 Unlocalised Items.................................................................................................................... 34 Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 36 Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 36 User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 36 Messages ................................................................................................................................ 37 Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 40 Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 46 Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 46 Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 46 What's New? Last Updated: February 2011 The entire Style Guide has been reworked and modifications have been made to all sections. Because of the new structure of this document, some sections of the previous Style Guide version had to be moved to different topics. New Topics The following topics were added: N/A Updated Topics The following topics were updated: Recommended Reference Material section: additional items added Measurement Units section updated in line with Te Reo Pāngarau (2010) 4 Introduction This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove out-dated and unnecessary content. It contains information pertaining to all Microsoft products and services. About This Style Guide The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localisation of Māori Microsoft products with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be localised. The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as stylistic criteria. It also presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardised, more structured, and easier to use as a reference. The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localise Microsoft products and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page. Scope of This Document This Style Guide is intended for the localisation professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to be a comprehensive coverage of all localisation practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference or deviates from standard practices for Māori localisation. Style Guide Conventions In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples. In Microsoft localisation context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g. a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph. References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements. Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database. 5 Sample Text Te Mātātahi Pūmanawa Rau Ka tae mai te rongo ki ō mātou taringa o Te Taura Whiri, e whakahaerehia ana tētahi pō, ā, ko te kaupapa o te pō, ko te kōrero i te reo Māori. E whakahaeretia ana te pō e tētahi rōpū rangatahi i tētahi wāhi inuinu, tētahi wāhi kanikani. Ka whakaaro mātou, me pēhea hoki e taea ai te rangatahi nei te kore e tautoko. Ka noho mātou ka tatari kia tae mai te pō me tō mātou whakawhiti kōrero ka pēhea rā te āhua o te whakahaere i te pō. Kua whakatau te hinengaro akene ka pēnei, akene ka pērā. Ka mea, ā, kua kainamu ki te ahiahi pō, kua horoia ngā kokonga katoa, kua āta whakakākahu, kua haere. E hoa mā, mārama ana te kite atu i te nui o te kaha i pau ki te whakatū i tēnā pō. Ko te tino mahi o te pō, ko te whakamātau i te mōhio o te tangata ā-patapatai nei ki ngā momo kōrero katoa e pā ana ki te ao Māori, me te tīmata mai i Ngā Mahi a ngā Tīpuna, ā, taka rawa mai ki tēnei rangi, tae atu ki te ao tākaro, ki te pātai anō hoki, ko wai te Minita Māori. Kātahi nā te pātai uaua ko tēneki. I te wairua ngahau o te pō me te mahi a te hohehohe me te pukukata, me whiri ngā waewae ki te pupuri i te mimi ka tika. Kua mataku hoki ki te haere ki te wharepaku, kei mahue noa iho he kōrero. Heoi anō, ko te mea i tino ora ai te ngākau, ko te kaha o te ū o te katoa ki te reo Māori. I roto i ngā tau e whai ana au i tō tātou reo, ka mutu, kua hia kē ēnā tau, mai anō i haere ai au ki tētahi huihuinga Māori tino kore nei i taumaha te noho, arā kē, ko te mutunga mai o te māmā. Mai anō i kite ai au i te tautoko a te tuakana i te teina, a te teina i te tuakana, a te tāne i te wahine, a te wahine i te tāne, a te pakeke i te rangatahi, a te rangatahi i te pakeke, a te iwi o mea i te iwi o mea, a te waka o mea i te waka o mea, kāore he tirotiro. Kātahi nā te huihuinga i kotahi ai te whakaaro o te katoa ki te reo Māori, me te haere o tēnā pō i runga i te wairua makoakoa, i te manaaki, me te poipoi tētahi i tētahi. Kei whea mai te pai o tēnā pō, te mutunga kē mai o te pārekareka. Ko te tino mea i ora ai te ngākau, ko te kite i te mahi a te mātātahi e ngākau nui ana ki tō tātou reo, ka mutu, kua tahuri ki te pīkau i te wāhi ka taea e rātou, arā, e taki kaha ana ki te kawe i tō tātou reo ki ēnā momo kokonga o tō tātou ao. Ko te mea e whai ana te hunga nei, kia kaua e noho mai tō tātou reo ki ngā marae anake, ki ngā momo kura anake, ki ngā momo wānanga anake, engari me heri ki ngā wāhi katoa e haere ana tātou. E whakapono ana au ki te pēnei tātou katoa huri i te motu, me te whai i runga i te whakaaro, kotahi tonu tō tātou reo, arā, ko te reo Māori, kotahi tonu te iwi ka taea e rātou tēnei taonga te whakahoki mai ki te ora tūturu, arā ko te iwi Māori nui tonu, kua whiwhi katoa ko ā tātou tamariki, ko ā tātou mokopuna, ā, haere ake nei. Ko te mātātahi ngā mātua o te tau rua mano neke atu, ā, anei rā ēnei o tēnei pito o te motu e whakapau ana i o rātou kaha e ora tonu ai tō tātou reo. He nui noa atu ngā take e whakamihia ai rātou engari ko te mea nui kē, anei rātou e mahi nei i tā rātou mahi me te tawhiti noa atu o ētahi i ō rātou ū-kaipō i ō rātou whenua tipu. He uaua ka pēnei ana. Nō reira kei te tamaiti, Atawhai, kōrua ko tō tuakana a Kōtuku, tae atu ki ō kōrua hoa ki a Holden, ki a Basil, ki a Jason, ki a Daniel, ki a Julian, tae atu anō hoki ki te hunga i tae ake ki te tautoko i te pō, tēnā rawa atu koutou o tēnā reanga i a koutou nā e kaha nei ki te kimi huarahi atu anō e noho mai ai tō tātou reo ki ngā kokonga katoa o 6 te mata o te whenua. E pupū ake ana te aroha ki a koutou, nā koutou hoki i whai hua katoa ai, i pārekareka katoa ai te haere atu ki tā tātou pō. Kia ora rawa atu koutou, ngā kanohi o ō koutou kuia, o o koutou koroua, e whakatinana tonu nei i a rātou i runga i te kaha, i runga i te mau tonu ki tēnei o ngā taonga i whakarērea iho ki a tātou. E mihi kau ana, e mihi kau ana, kei te mātātahi pūmanawa rau. Heoi anō e te iwi whānui, mēnā koutou ka hiahia whakatū pō pēnei mā koutou, e whakaae ana ngā tāhae nei kia tonoa mai ngā rauemi katoa kua oti i a rātou te hanga hei āwhina i a koutou. Me whakapā atu ki a Atawhai Tibble, # Te Tiriti o Princess, Newtown, Te Whanganui a Tara, +64 4 4710 244, ā, māna e whakamārama ka pēhea te whakamahi i ēnei rauemi. He tika, he pono taku kōrero nei, ka nui te whai hua, ka pārekareka katoa koutou. Nā Te Haumihiata Mason, He Muka 2000 I hangaia i te 21 Kohitātea 2007 i te 3:58 pm Recommended Reference Material Use the Māori language and terminology as described and used in the following publications. Normative References These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases. When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the Style Guide. 1. Microsoft Language Portal www.microsoft.com/language/en-us/default.aspx 2. Microsoft Glossary (2006) – Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori 3. Dictionary of the Māori Language (1971) – H.W. Williams 4. He Pātaka Kupu (2008) – Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori 5. Te Matatiki (1996) – Māori Language Commission 6. Ngā Aratohu Māori / Māori Orthographic Conventions (website of Te Taura Whiri) 7. Microsoft Māori Glossary (2005) – Wiha Te Raki Hāwea Stephens Informative References These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc. 1. English-Māori Dictionary (1993) – H.M. Ngata 2. Te Reo Pūtaiao – A Māori Language Dictionary of Science (2009) – He Kupenga Hao i te Reo 3. Te Reo Pāngarau – A Māori Language Dictionary of Mathematics (2010) – He Kupenga Hao i te Reo 4. A Dictionary of Māori Computer related terms (2006) – Karaitiana N. Taiuru 5. Reed Reference Grammar of the Māori Language (1997) – Winifred Bauer 6. A Māori Reference Grammar – Ray Harlow (2001) 7 7. Te Aka Māori-English, English-Māori Dictionary and Index (2005) – John C. Moorfield 8. Waka Reo http://www.reotupu.co.nz/wslivewakareo/default.aspx 8 Language Specific Conventions This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Māori. Country/Region Standards Characters Country/region New Zealand Lower-case characters a, ā, e, ē, h, i, ī, k, m, n, ng, o, ō, p, r, t, u, ū, w, wh Upper-case characters A, Ā, E, Ē, H, I, Ī, K, M, N, NG, O, Ō, P, R, T, U, Ū, W, WH Characters in caseless scripts n/a Extended Latin characters Ā, ā, Ē, ē, Ī, ī, Ō, ō, Ū, ū Note on alphabetical order Alphabetical order is similar to English, list micronised characters with nonmicronised characters in order i.e. ignore the macrons when putting in alphabetic order. ―Ng‖ is not a separately coded character but words beginning with ―ng‖ follow those beginning with ―n‖ alone. Total number of characters 20 (including micronised characters) Unicode codes a (0061); A (0041); ā (0101); Ā (0100); b (0062); B (0042); c (0063); C (0043); d (0064); D (0044); e (0065); E (0045); ē (0113); Ē (0112); f (0066); F (0046); g (0067); G (0047); h (0068); H (0048); i (0069); I (0049); ī (012B); Ī (012A); j (006A); J (004A); k (006B); K (004B); l (006C); L (004C); m (006D); M (004D); n (006E); N (004E); o (006F); O (004F); ō (014D); Ō (014C); p (0070); P (0050); q (0071); Q (0051); r (0072); R (0052); s (0073); S (0053); t (0074); T (0054); u (0075); U (0055); ū (016B); Ū (016A); v (0076); V (0056); w (0077); W (0057); x (0078); X (0058); y (0079); Y (0059); z (007A); Z (005A) Notes n/a Date Country/region New Zealand (Aotearoa) Calendar/Era Gregorian First Day of the Week Rāhina (Hi) 9 Country/region New Zealand (Aotearoa) First Week of the Year Week containing 1/1 is the first week of that year. Separator ―:‖ Default Short Date Format d/M/yyyy Example 17/3/2011 Default Long Date Format dddd, d MMMM yyyy Example Rāpare, 17 Poutū te rangi 2011 Additional Short Date Format 1 d/M/yy Example 17/3/11 Additional Short Date Format 2 n/a Example n/a Additional Long Date Format 1 n/a Example n/a Additional Long Date Format 2 n/a Example n/a Leading Zero in Day Field for Short Date Format no Leading Zero in Month Field for Short Date Format no No. of digits for year for Short Day Format 4 Leading Zero in Day Field for Long Date Format n/a Leading Zero in Month Field for Long Date Format n/a Number of digits for year 4 10 Country/region New Zealand (Aotearoa) for Long Day Format Date Format for Correspondence Example Notes d MMMM yyyy 17 Poutū te rangi 2011 n/a d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd = digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name) Abbreviations in Format Codes M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full name) y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits) Time Country/region New Zealand (Aotearoa) 24 hour format No Standard time format HH:mm:ss Standard time format example ―03:24:12‖ Time separator Colon ―:‖ Time separator examples 03:24:12 Hours leading zero Yes Hours leading zero example 03:24:12 String for AM designator i te ata String for PM designator i te ahiahi Notes n/a 11 Days Country/region: New Zealand (Aotearoa) Day Normal Form Abbreviation Monday Rāhina Hi Tuesday Rātū Tū Wednesday Rāapa Apa Thursday Rāpare Pā Friday Rāmere Me Saturday Rāhoroi Ho Sunday Rātapu Ta First Day of Week: Rāhina Is first letter capitalised?: Yes Notes: n/a Months Country/region: New Zealand Month Full Form Abbreviated Form Long Date Form January Kohitātea Kohi Kohitātea February Huitanguru Hui Huitanguru March Poutū te rangi Pou Poutū te rangi April Paengawhāwhā Pae Paengawhāwhā May Haratua Hara Haratua June Pipiri Pipi Pipiri July Hōngongoi Hōngo Hōngongoi August Hereturikōkā Here Hereturikōkā September Mahuru Mahu Mahuru October Whiringa ā-nuku Nuku Whiringa ā-nuku November Whiringa ā-rangi Rangi Whiringa ā-rangi December Hakihea Haki Hakihea 12 Is first letter capitalised?: Yes Notes: n/a Numbers Numbers beginning with kotahi, tekau or toko- must not be preceded by ―e‖. Examples: (+) ēnei rorohiko e toru (+) ngā tamariki tokoono (+) ngā pūkete tekau mā rua (-) e tekau mā rua aku tuāhine Phone Numbers Country/ region International Dialling Code Area Codes Used? Number of Digits – Area Codes Separator Number of Digits – Domestic Digit Groupings – Domestic New Zealand 64 yes 1; 2 ‗-‗ 9 (##) ### #### Country/ region Number of Digits – Local Digit Groupings – Local Number of Digits – Mobile Digit Groupings – Mobile Number of Digits – International Digit Groupings – International New Zealand 7 ### #### 9-11 (###) ### ##### 14 0064 ## #### #### (###) ### #### (###) ### ### Notes: n/a Addresses Country/region: New Zealand (Aotearoa) Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as fictitious information. Address Format: 1. [Title/Honorific] FirstName LastName 2. [CompanyName] 13 3. Address1 4. [Address2] 5.Suburb[PostalCode] + City 6. Country Example Address: Matua Hone Mete Mahia Te Mahi 5 Te Tiriti o Horomana Pouaka Poutāpeta 1234 Tawa 5249, Te Whanganui a Tara AOTEAROA Local Postal Code Format: xxxx Notes: n/a Currency Country/region New Zealand (Aotearoa) Currency Name dollar / tāra Currency Symbol $ Currency Symbol Position Precedes amount Positive Currency Format $12,345.67 Negative Sign Symbol ―( )‖ Negative Currency Format ($12,345.67) Decimal Symbol ―.‖ Number of Digits after Decimal 2 Digit Grouping Symbol ―,‖ Number of Digits in Digit Grouping 3 Positive Currency Example $123,456,789.10 Negative Currency Example ($123,456,789.10) ISO Currency Code NZD Currency Subunit Name cent / hēneti Currency Subunit Symbol c Currency Subunit Example 20 c 14 Digit Groups Country/region: New Zealand (Aotearoa) Decimal Separator: ―.‖ Decimal Separator Description: full-stop Decimal Separator Example: 123.45 Thousand Separator: ―,‖ Thousand Separator Description: comma Thousand Separator Example: 12,345 Notes: n/a Measurement Units Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes Temperature: Celsius Category English Translation Abbreviation Linear Measure Kilometer Manomita (Kiromita) km Meter Mita m Decimeter Tehimita dm Centimeter Mitarau (Henemita) cm Millimeter Mitamano (Mirimita) mm Hectoliter Heketōrita hl Liter Rita l Deciliter Tehirita dl Centiliter Ritarau (Henerita) cl Milliliter Ritamano (Miririta) ml Ton Tana t Kilogram Manokaramu (Kirokaramu) kg Pound Pauna lb Gram Karamu g Decigram Tehikaramu dg Capacity Mass 15 Category English Units of Measurement English Translation Abbreviation Centigram Karamurau (Henekaramu) cg Milligram Karamumano (Mirikaramu) mg Inch Īnihi ″ Feet Putu ′ Mile Maero m Gallon Karana g Notes: n/a Percentages Both % (60%) and ōrau (60 ōrau) are used in Māori. Sorting Sorting rules 1. Capital letters and lowercase letters are equal. Distinction is not made between them. 2. The extended characters Ā, ā, Ē, ē, Ī, ī, Ō, ō, Ū, ū are treated as separate letters of the alphabet. 3. The Characters Ä, ä, Ë, ë, Ï, ï, Ö, ö and Ü, ü are sorted as variants of Ā, ā, Ē, ē, Ī, ī, Ō, ō, Ū, ū 4. Other accented characters are equal with non-accented characters; so é and e are equal. 5. Non-alphabetical characters (i.e. symbols like @ ! #) sort before the letters of the alphabet. 6. Digits sort after the non-alphabetical characters and before the letters of the alphabet. 7. Double a (aa, Aa, AA, aA) sorts as Ā, most of the time, however there are times when they really are double characters. 8. ―Ng‖ is treated as a separate letter for alphabetical sequence and follows words beginning with ―n‖ alone. Character sorting order a (97); A (65); ā (257); Ā (256); b (98); B (66); c (99); C (67); d (100); D (68); e (101); E (69); ē (275); Ē (274); f (102); F (70); g (103); G (71); h (104); H (72); i (105); I (73); ī (299); Ī (298); j (106); J (74); k (107); K (75); l (108); L (76); m (109); M (77); n (110); N (78); o (111); O (79); ō (333); Ō (332); p (112); P (80); q (113); Q (81); r (114); R (82); s (115); S (83); t (116); T (84); u (117); U (85); ū (363); Ū (362); v (118); V (86); w (119); W (87); x (120); X (88); y (121); Y (89); z (122); Z (90) Examples of sorted words @ 1 ahau ātete 16 eke ēnei hahae hāruru heipū Ingarihi ipurangi irāmutu kahawai Kaikōura kākāriki koha kōhanga mahue manaaki māpuna muramura nunui nūpepa ngā ngahoro ngoio ngōio oho Ohoata ōwehenga paihikara panoni pānui poraka pōrakaraka Rakatūwhenua rākau ruri rūri taiapa tatau tātau tātāu totoka umere uruuruwhenua uruwhenua 17 wānanga wīwī whai whaiā whakaaro whakaea Whangārei whāmamao Geopolitical Concerns Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the localised product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region. Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in any of the following: Maps Flags Country/region, city and language names Art and graphics Cultural content, such as encyclopaedia content and other text where historical or political references may occur Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localiser to always have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved. A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures. Guideline As country/region and city names can change, please use the most up-to-date Māori list for every release of your product. 18 Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Māori language to Microsoft products and documentation. Adjectives In Māori, adjectives generally follow the noun they modify. Where there are two or more adjectives modifying a word, the noun may be repeated or the second adjective followed by ―hoki‖. Example: This is a secure private list (+) Ko tēnei he rārangi tūmataiti, he haumaru hoki Possessive adjectives Possessives should be in the neutral form (e.g. taku, tō, tana) unless the situation calls for a more formal tone e.g. (+) He aha tāu hei mahi mā te ruānuku? English tends to use the possessive ―their‖ after a singular noun to avoid the use of ―his/her‖. In Māori, the singular pronoun should be used in such cases, since it refers to either male or female. Example: To start an activity, select a contact or enter their email address in the results list. (-) Hei tīmata hohenga, tīpakohia tētahi hoapā, tāuru rānei ā rātou wāhitau ī-mēra ki te rārangi hua. (+) Hei tīmata hohenga, tīpakohia tētahi hoapā, tāuru rānei tana wāhitau ī-mēra ki te rārangi hua. Unlocalised Feature Names Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the English language and in Māori. Example: (+) Ki te tāpiri tangata koe ki Messenger, ka noho anō ia hei wāhi o tō whatunga i Windows Live. Localised Feature Names Translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in Māori Example: (+) Tangohia ngā tautuhinga Hotmail a tō tamaiti mai i Haumaru Whānau (+) Āwhinatia te whakapai ake i Hanga Whitiāhua Windows Live 19 Articles This section deals with articles for product and feature names. Articles For Unlocalised Feature Names Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the English language as well as in the Māori language. They are treated as proper names. Example: (+) Ngā painga a Active Desktop Localised Feature Names Translated feature names are used with a definite or indefinite article as they are not treated as proper names. Example: (+) Whakatuwheratia te Kaiwhakahaere Tūmahi. Capitalisation In almost all cases the capitalisation used for Māori should be consistent with the English capitalisation used. The correct and consistent use of capitals is very important as it determines the use or omission of passive suffixes with direct objects Use the Upper Case whenever it occurs in the English text. When an English Upper Case Term requires more than one Māori word, use Upper Case for both letters of the Māori word Example: Retry (+) Ngana Anō Data Source (+) Puna Raraunga Recover (+) Whakaora AutoSave (+) TiakiAunoa Changes (+) Ngā Huringa Note: Please ensure in particular that in commands, if English uses capitals the Māori should also be capitalised and the passive command used. Example: Save Movie (+) Tiaki Whitiāhua 20 BUT: Save movie (+) Tiakina te whitiāhua IMPORTANT NOTE: Please note that in localised Māori texts, ―Yes‖ is translated by ―Āe‖ and ―OK‖ by ―ĀE‖. The capitalisation of the Māori word is therefore most important in this case. Yes (+) Āe OK (+) ĀE Do not capitalise a word in Māori simply because it appears as the first word of a bullet point, phrase or sentence in English. Example: Log file (+) Kōnae rangitaki (-) Kōnae Rangitaki Long file name (+) Ingoa kōnae roa (-) Ingoa kōnae Roa Compounds Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long or complex compounds should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue. Compound words in Māori follow Māori rules i.e. the qualifier follows the noun. Example: The DirectShow audio (+) Te ororongo WhakaatuTorotika AutoSave (+) TiakiAunoa Gender Since the gender of pronouns in Māori is neutral, there is no need to replicate such constructions as ―him/her‖, ―his/her‖. Simply use ―ia‖, ―tana‖. Do not use rātou for ―their‖ when the source English text refers to only one person. Example: A person and their home. (+) Te tangata me tōna whare (-) Te tangata me ō rātou whare 21 Genitive For the use of a/o, nā/nō etc, refer to Harlow‘s Māori Reference Grammar (5.3.3 ff) and other standard Māori grammar reference sources. Note that for the possessive pronouns the macron is used as follows: Example: (+) Tirohia ā rātou mahi. BUT (+) Tirohia a rātou. Note the use in English of the possessive marker (‗s) in such phrases as: {0}'s Reports (+) Ngā Pūrongo a {0} Modifiers This section does not apply to Māori. Nouns General considerations It is often preferable to render English phrases such as ―Opening files is easy‖ by a noun construction in Māori. Example: Opening files is easy (+) He ngāwari te whakatuwhera kōnae. Inflection There are no grammatical inflections in nouns in Māori except in the plural form, see Plural Formation below. Plural Formation The only grammatical inflections in nouns in Māori are in those words with a different plural form: wahine/wāhine; tangata/tāngata; matua/mātua; tuahine/tuāhine; tuakana/tuākana; teina/tēina; tipuna/tīpuna; tamaiti/tamariki. 22 Prepositions Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many translators omit them or change the word order. See Harlow‘s Māori Reference Grammar page 76 ff for information on prepositions in Māori, and Bauer‘s Reed Reference Grammar (pp. 173-259). Avoid the use of ―i roto i/o‖ to translate ―in‖ when simply ―i te‖ or ―ki te‖ will do. Example: (-) Whakautua ngā pātai i roto i te reo Māori (+) Whakautua ngā pātai ki te reo Māori Pronouns Since the gender of pronouns in Māori is neutral, there is no need to replicate such constructions as ―him/her‖, ―his/her‖ or ―their‖. Simply use ―ia‖, ―tana‖. Example: Each translator has his/her own way of working or Each translator has their own way of working (+) Kei a ia kaiwhakamāori tana ake tikanga mahi. (-) Kei a ia kaiwhakamāori ā rātou ake tikanga mahi. Note that for the possessive pronouns the macron is used as follows: Example: (+) Tirohia ā rātou mahi. BUT for the personal pronoun: (+) Tirohia a rātou. Punctuation For detailed guidelines to Māori spelling conventions and punctuation, see the website of Te Taura Whiri i te Reo: http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/pub_e/conventions.shtml Comma No special rules different from English but note that ―arā‖ and ―ā‖ usually take a comma before and after: Example: (+) Whakamahia te momo kōnae tika, arā, pdf, xls rānei. (+) Ka tae mātau ki te marae, ā, ka tū ka tatari. 23 Colon Use colons to introduce lists and explanations. Do not capitalise the word following a colon unless (1) the colon is at the end of a heading or (2) the text following the colon is a complete quotation. Example: (+) Kua whakatuwheratia ngā kōnae e rua: te kōnae pdf me te kōnae xls. (+) Tuhipoka: Pāwhiritia te pātene Haere Tonu kia tīmata. (+) Hei tauira: Ko te kai a te rangatira he kōrero. Dashes and Hyphens Three different dash characters are used in English: Hyphen The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to connect the parts of an inverted or imperative verb form. Do not use hyphens in Māori to link adjectival or adverbial constructions simply to replicate English hyphenation. Example: Inset top-left (-) Kōkuhu runga-mauī (+) Kōkuhu runga mauī En Dash The en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after. The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around the en dash in this case. Example: (+) Whārangi 5-6 (+) Ngā tau 2009-2010 Em Dash In (US) English the em dash is used to emphasise an isolated element or introduce an element that is not essential to the meaning conveyed by the sentence. Do not replicate this style in Māori. Example: New computer software—even when purchased online—should be checked for bugs. In Māori use a hyphen or En dash with a single space before and after. Example: (+) Kāore i ārikarika ngā momo manu e noho ana ki a Aotearoa – he nui ake i te rua mano. 24 Ellipses (Suspension Points) The ellipsis is a triple-dot punctuation mark (…), which is also called a suspension point. Ellipses tend to apply to a colloquial register and wherever possible should be avoided in the Microsoft context. Period Insert only one space after a period. Generally follow the English use of the period in Māori. In bullet point lists make sure that the use of the period at the end of each line is consistent. English often uses a period only for the last one of a series of bullet points. This style can be followed in Māori. Quotation Marks Use exactly as used in English. Parentheses In Māori, as in English, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them. Example: (+) Whakamahia tēnei wāhi (mēnā e wātea ana) kia whakaaturia ngā kupu tika. Singular & Plural Definite Article - Singular Don‘t use ―Te‖ or ―te‖ before Upper Case Terms: Example: Delete File (+) Muku Kōnae (-) Muku Te Kōnae Use the singular definite article ―te‖ with passive verb construction in lower case strings when the English uses ―the‖, and when it is omitted but implied. Example: Delete the file (+) Mukua te kōnae Delete file (+) Mukua te kōnae 25 Definite Article – Plural Use the plural definite article ―Ngā‖ before upper case terms to indicate plurality. While the article may be omitted in the singular, plural nouns must be marked in Māori by ―Ngā‖ or ―ngā‖. Example: Account (+) Pūkete Accounts (+) Ngā Pūkete Delete Files (+) Muku Ngā Kōnae Use the plural definite article ―ngā‖ in lower case strings when the English uses ―the‖ (plural), and when it is omitted but implied. Example: Delete the files (+) Mukua ngā kōnae Delete files (+) Mukua ngā kōnae Split Infinitive This section does not apply to Māori. Subjunctive This section does not apply to Māori. Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces Replicate symbols from English text. Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‘t be localised. A list of Microsoft trademarks is available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm In HTML coding, the non-breaking space ( ) is a character entity which can create white space between words or web page elements, or stop the browser from breaking a line in the wrong place. Example for preventing a line break with a non-breaking space: (+) Hepi Te Heuheu Non-breaking spaces ( ) should only be used whenever they are present also in the US text. Otherwise it is recommended to use a blank space as non-breaking spaces can create functionality problems. 26 Syntax If there is a more idiomatic way of structuring a given sentence, use the natural Māori word order instead of translating word by word, as long as the key message is conveyed. Some examples of ways in which syntax may differ between Māori and English: The word ―You‖ does not always have to be specified. Example You are connected to the internet (+) Kua honoa (koe) ki te ipurangi. When you are done reviewing this document (+) Kia mutu te arotake i tēnei tuhinga Passive constructions are used more frequently in Māori than in English. Example: Hōne edited the text. (+) I whakatikaia e Hōne ngā kōrero Use the passive verb form in lower case commands before a direct object Example Delete the files that you…. (+) Mukua ngā kōnae………. To translate ―and/or‖ use ―hoki/rānei‖ at the end of the phrase. Example: (+) Whakarārangitia ngā pūkete, ngā pūtea hoki/rānei. Verbs Frequentative Verbal Form Use the /Verb + ai/ form to indicate frequent or habitual action Infinitive Verb in Commands Use the infinitive verb form in upper case commands before a direct object e.g. Delete File (+) Muku Kōnae e.g. Delete Files (+) Muku Ngā Kōnae Passive Verb in Commands Use the passive verb form in lower case commands before a direct object e.g. Delete the files that you…. (+) Mukua ngā kōnae………. 27 Avoid /Infinitive Verb + i + direct object/ in lower case commands e.g. Delete the files that……….. (-) Muku i ngā kōnae When ―me‖ is used as a command it should not be followed by the passive form of the verb. Example: (-) Me tiakina ngā kōnae. (+) Me tiaki ngā kōnae OR (+) Me tiaki i ngā kōnae. Continuous operations are usually expressed in English as follows: Rewinding tape... Translate as: (+) Whakahoki rīpene ana... Saving file... Translate as: (+) Tiaki kōnae ana... Word Order Follow natural and clear Māori word order, regardless of original English. To translate ―and/or‖ use ―hoki/rānei‖ at the end of the phrase. Example: (+) Whakarārangitia ngā pūkete, ngā pūtea hoki/rānei. Style and Tone Considerations This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice. Audience A product may be targeted at individual consumers, businesses, or internet audiences. When localizing a product, please always keep in mind the target user audience and address the intended user with the appropriate tone and level of grammar and formality, as well as reading level (e.g. technical register for IT professionals, children‘s register for children). Regardless of the level of formality or informality of the source text, the key consideration in Māori should be to make the text sound natural and clear, following the natural sentence structures of Māori, while at the same time using the standard terminology consistently. Example: Other programs can use BlogThis to start {0} to create blog posts from selected content. For example, you can create a post from a web browser containing content from a webpage. (+) Ka taea e ētahi atu papatono te whakamahi BlogThis kia tīmata a {0} hei waihanga tukunga rangitaki mai i te ihirangi i tīpakohia. Hei tauira, ka taea te waihanga tukunga mai i tētahi pūtiro tukutuku whai ihirangi mai i tētahi whārangi tukutuku. 28 Style Passive constructions tend to be used more frequently in Māori than in English. Example: Don't save changes (?) Kaua e tiaki ngā huringa (+) Kaua e tiakina ngā huringa Tone The tone should be respectful and semi-formal with the main emphasis on clarity. Example: (+) E haere ana koe ki te aha? (-) He aha tāu e haere nā? Voice Always address the reader as ―koe‖, but note that in Māori ―you‖ does not always have to be specified. Example: You are now connected to the Internet. (+) Kua honoa ki te ipurangi ināianei. 29 Localization Guidelines This section contains guidelines for localisation into Māori. General Considerations When localizing elements in Māori, keep in mind the fact that software and help documents, for example, shouldn‘t necessarily be handled in the same way. Always take into account the purpose of the text that is being translated. Abbreviations Common Abbreviations You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space. Abbreviations are only used for months and days. Use the following Māori abbreviations Days of the Month Mon Tue Hi Tū Wed Thu Apa Pa Fri Me Sat Ho Sun Ta Months of the Year Jan Kohi Feb Hui Mar Pou Apr Pae May Hara Jun Pipi Jul Hōngo Aug Here Sep Mahu Oct Nuku 30 Nov Rangi Dec Haki Don‘t abbreviate such words as ―hei tauira‖ for ― e.g.‖ Use ―arā‖ for ―i.e.‖ Accessibility Microsoft provides people with disabilities with more accessible products and services. Accessibility options and programs are designed to make the computer usable by people with cognitive, hearing, physical, or visual disabilities. Hardware and software components engage a flexible, customisable user interface, alternative input and output methods, and greater exposure of screen elements. Some accessible products and services may not be available in New Zealand. Please double-check with the appropriate resources. Acronyms Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random Access Memory). Use Māori forms or create Māori forms. Ensure that you are not using a form already used. Example: PIN (personal identification number - tau tāututanga whaiaro) = (+) TTW WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy - Tūmataitinga Taurite Whaiaho) = (+) TūTW If the form has been used, find an alternative close to what would have been used like the above example where the ‗ū‘ has been included to differentiate the TūTW form from the TTW form. Localised Acronyms List of common acronyms: CD – KK (Kōpae Kiato) Cc – P (Pānui) Bcc – Ph (Pānui huna) RAM – PUT (Pūmahara Uru Tupurangi) DVD – KAM (Kōpae Ataata Mamati) ID – TT (Tau Tāututanga) PC – RW (Rorohiko Whaiaro) 31 Unlocalised Acronyms The following are not localised: IM, URL Applications, Products, and Features Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way. Note: Mistakes with product names and trademarking are considered Sev 1 accuracy errors. Frequent Errors The most frequent error noted by reviewers is the failure to use a passive verb in commands with a direct object when text is lower case. Example: Create filters (-) Waihanga ngā tātari (+) Waihangatia ngā tātari Similarly, the rule that fully capitalised commands in English should be replicated in Māori is often not followed. Example: Create Filter (+) Waihanga Tātari Create Filters (+) Waihanga Ngā Tātari Glossaries See Recommended Reference Material listed above. You can find the translations of terms and UI elements of Microsoft products at Microsoft Language Portal (http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Default.aspx). 32 Fictitious Information Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localisation issue. Below is some basic information and contact points when dealing with fictitious content: Vendors and Localisers are not allowed to create their own fictitious names. You must either use the source names or use the list of legally approved names. Please contact your product team representative for further information on how to deal with fictitious companies, names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, etc. in your product. For technical products, you may also check with the product team representative whether localised fictitious content is required or not (e.g. Visual Studio). Recurring Patterns The following phrase appears many times and should be standardised as follows: … and try again (+) … ka ngana anō Please try again later. (+) Ngana anō ā muri ake. Standardised Translations The following terms have standard translations in Māori: Product name is localised in Māori Translation Windows Live Movie Maker (+) Hanga Whitiāhua Windows Live Windows Live Family Safety (+) Haumaru Whānau Windows Live Windows Live Sign-in Assistant (+) Kaiāwhina Takiuru Windows Live Windows Live Events (+) Ngā Takahanga Windows Live Windows Live Home (+) Kāinga Windows Live Windows Live Framelt (+) Taparehia Windows Live Windows Live Writer (+) Kaituhi Windows Live Windows Live Toolbar (+) Paeutauta Windows Live Windows Live Sync (+) Tukutahi Windows Live Windows Live Spaces (+) Ngā Mokowā Windows Live 33 Product name is localised in Māori Translation Windows Live Photo Gallery (+) Taiwhanga Whakaahua Windows Live Windows Live Mail (+) Mēra Windows Live Windows Live Groups (+) Ngā Rōpū Windows Live Windows Live Essentials (+) Ngā Tino Windows Live Windows Live Contacts (+) Ngā Hoapā Windows Live Windows Live Call (+) Waea Windows Live Windows Live Calendar (+) Maramataka Windows Live Windows Live Alerts (+) Ngā Matohi Windows Live Windows Live Devices (+) Ngā Pūrere Windows Live Windows Live Documents (+) Ngā Tuhinga Windows Live There are a number of other standardised translations mentioned in sections of this Style Guide. In order to find them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for you reference. Country/Region Standards: currency, numbers, dates, etc. Abbreviations: list of common abbreviations Unlocalised Items Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‘t be localised. A list of Microsoft trademarks is available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm. The following terms are not localised in Māori. Product name must not be translated Comment Microsoft Access Microsoft Excel Microsoft FrontPage Microsoft InfoPath Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Document Imaging Microsoft Office Live Meeting Microsoft Office Picture Manager 34 Product name must not be translated Comment Microsoft Office System Microsoft OneNote Microsoft Outlook Microsoft PhotoDraw Microsoft PowerPoint Microsoft Project Microsoft Publisher Microsoft Visio Microsoft Word Or any variations such as Microsoft Office Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Excel Microsoft FrontPage Microsoft InfoPath Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Document Imaging Microsoft Office Live Meeting Microsoft Office Picture Manager Microsoft Office System Microsoft OneNote Microsoft Outlook Microsoft PhotoDraw Microsoft PowerPoint Microsoft Project Microsoft Publisher Microsoft Visio Microsoft Word Or any variations such as Microsoft Office Access Windows Live Messenger Windows Live SkyDrive 35 Product name must not be translated Comment Windows Live Hotmail Using the Word Microsoft Do not use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft. Example: Please tell Microsoft about this problem. (+) Whakamōhiotia a Microsoft mō tēnei raru. Please see more information about using the word Microsoft for Windows Live here. Software Considerations This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently translated in the localised product. Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface guidelines (English). User Interface Typically, commands and menu items should be verbs or start with a verb. Commands and menu items can have more than one word but should be kept as short as possible Start with a capital letter, follow English formatting, articles should be lower case. Passive Verb in Commands Use the passive verb form in lower case commands before a direct object e.g. Delete the files that you…. (+) Mukua ngā kōnae………. Avoid /Infinitive Verb + i + direct object/ in lower case commands e.g. Delete the files that……….. (-) Muku i ngā kōnae. Use consistent terminology If the English term is capitalised, use the infinitive form of the verb e.g. Delete Files (+) Muku Ngā Kōnae If the English term is lower case use the passive form of the verb e.g. Delete the files (+) Mukua ngā kōnae 36 Messages Different types of messages can appear on screen and should be handled according to their function. Status Messages What is a Status Bar Message? A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below). Māori Style in Status bar Messages In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In Māori, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below. Name Edit Copy to Folder... New Māori Name (+) Whakatika Category English Status Bar message Māori Status Bar message menu Contains editing commands (+) He tono whakatika kei roto menu Copies the selected items to a new location (+) Tāruatia ai ngā tuemi kua tīpakohia ki tētahi atu wāhitau command Creates a new document (+) He hanga tuhinga hōu Make object visible? (+) Whakaaria mai te ahanoa? (+) Tārua ki te Kōpaki (+) Hōu Word is converting the document. Press Esc to stop. (+) E tahuri ana a Word i te tuhinga. Datasheet View (+) Tirohanga Pēhia te Esc kia tāpu. 37 Name Māori Name Category English Status Bar message Māori Status Bar message Rauraraunga Done (+) Kua oti The importance of standardisation In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same meaning. Try to avoid this in the localised Māori version. Use one standard translation as in the examples below: English term Correct Māori translation Press F1 to get Help (+) He whiwhi āwhina pēhia F1. If you want Help press F1 To get Help press F1 Not enough memory (+) He iti rawa te pūmahara Insufficient memory There is not enough memory Error Messages What Is An Error Message? Here is an example: Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer. Māori Style in Error Messages It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localised error messages, and not just translate as they appear in the US product. 38 Example: The video has been blocked by the content owner. (+) Kua āraia te ataata e te kaipupuri ihirangi. Standard Phrases in Error Messages When translating standard phrases, standardise. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the same thing. Examples: English Translation Cannot … Kāore e taea… Could not … Kāore i taea… I hapa te… Failed to … Failure of … Nā te hapa o… Unable to find … (+) I hapa te ākiri whakamaumahara. (+) Ka kino pea te kōnae taketake nā te hapa kōpae tino nui. Kāore i kitea He iti rawa te pūmahara (+) Kāore e taea te tango i te rongoa nā te mea he iti rawa te pūmahara, kāore rānei āu mana. Kāore e wātea ana (+) Kāore e wātea ana ēnei kōwhiringa Paewhiri Mana Unable to locate … Comment (+) Kāore e taea te whakahaere i te Rūānuku Tatū Whatunga i te pūnaha mahi o tēnei rorohiko. (+) Kāore a Outlook i taea te tono mō tētahi rīhīti S/MIME nā te mea kāore i kitea tētahi wāhitau SMTP mōu. Cannot find … Could not find … Example Not enough memory Insufficient memory There is not enough memory There is not enough memory available ... is not available ... is unavailable 39 Error Messages Containing Placeholders When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase. Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below: %d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number> %c means <letter> %s means <string> Examples of error messages containing placeholders: "Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>". "INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section". Example: {0} is processing your uploaded video.\r\nThis might take a while. E tukatuka ana a {0} i tō ataata tukuatu.\r\nKa hia pea te wā mo tēnei. Keys The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency, most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys, key combinations and key sequences. In Māori, as in English, references to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not in small caps). On the first mention, use the definite article and "pātuhi" in conjunction with the key name, for example, "te pātuhi HŌNEA". On all subsequent references, refer to the key only by its name, for example, "Pāwhiritia HŌNEA ". Use ―pātuhi‖, as in the first example below, if the key name appears alone in the sentence and the actual key name does not appear on the keyboard. In the second example, the name ALT appears on the key of the keyboard, so you don't need to follow it with ―pātuhi‖. Example three deals with a procedure involving the pressing of two or more keys simultaneously; note that you are not using the word Pātuhi in this case. Examples: (+) Whakamahia te pātuhi MANA mēnā kāore e taea e koe te mahi nei. (+) Pāwhiritia ALT. (+) Pāwhiritia ALT+O. The following key names have been approved for use in Microsoft Windows text. Key Name Māori ALT ALT 40 Key Name Māori BREAK -- CAPS LOC PŪMATUA MAU CTRL MANA DEL MUKU END -- ENTER TĀURU ESC HŌNEA HELP ĀWHINA HOME KĀINGA INS KŌKUHU NUM LOCK -- OPTION KŌWHIRI PAGE DOWN HEKE WHĀRANGI PAGE UP PIKI WHĀRANGI PAUSE -- PRINT SCREEN TĀ MATA RETURN (key pad) -- SCROLL LOCK MAU PANUKU SHIFT NEKE SPACEBAR PAEMOKOWĀ TAB RIPA 41 Access Keys/Hot keys Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly. Hot Key Special Options Usage: Is It Allowed? Notes "Slim characters", such as I, t, r can be used as hot keys yes Characters with downstrokes, such as g and p can be used as hotkeys yes Please avoid setting hot keys on letters with downstrokes like g and p. Only use them if no other letter is available. Extended characters (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū) can be used as hotkeys yes Please avoid setting hot keys on letters with accents like ē, ā, ō. Only use them if no other letter is available. An additional letter, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as hotkeys yes A number, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as hotkey yes A punctuation sign, appearing between brackets after item name, yes 42 Hot Key Special Options Usage: Is It Allowed? Notes can be used as hotkey Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when no other character is available yes No hotkey is assigned when no more characters are available (minor options only) yes Additional notes: n/a Arrow Keys The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control. Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behaviour within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control group using arrow keys. Numeric Keypad It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations. Shortcut Keys Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes given next to the command they represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen. Standard Shortcut Keys There are no standard translations for Shortcut Keys yet. US Command US English Shortcut Key Māori Command Māori Shortcut key General Windows Shortcut keys Help window F1 Help window F1 Context-sensitive Help Shift+F1 Context-sensitive Help Shift+F1 Display pop-up menu Shift+F10 Display pop-up menu Shift+F10 Cancel Esc Cancel Esc Activate\Deactivate F10 Activate\Deactivate menu bar F10 43 US Command US English Shortcut Key menu bar mode Māori Command Māori Shortcut key mode Switch to the next primary application Alt+Tab Switch to the next primary application Alt+Tab Display next window Alt+Esc Display next window Alt+Esc Display pop-up menu for the window Alt+Spacebar Display pop-up menu for the window Alt+Spacebar Display pop-up menu for the active child window Alt+- Display pop-up menu for the active child window Alt+- Display property sheet for current selection Alt+Enter Display property sheet for current selection Alt+Enter Close active application window Alt+F4 Close active application window Alt+F4 Switch to next window within (modelesscompliant) application Alt+F6 Switch to next window within (modeless-compliant) application Alt+F6 Capture active window image to the Clipboard Alt+Prnt Scrn Capture active window image to the Clipboard Alt+Prnt Scrn Capture desktop image to the Clipboard Prnt Scrn Capture desktop image to the Clipboard Prnt Scrn Access Start button in taskbar Ctrl+Esc Access Start button in taskbar Ctrl+Esc Display next child window Ctrl+F6 Display next child window Ctrl+F6 Display next tabbed pane Ctrl+Tab Display next tabbed pane Ctrl+Tab Launch Task Manager and system initialisation Ctrl+Shift+Esc Launch Task Manager and system initialisation Ctrl+Shift+Esc File Menu File New Ctrl+N File New Ctrl+N File Open Ctrl+O File Open Ctrl+O 44 US Command US English Shortcut Key Māori Command Māori Shortcut key File Close Ctrl+F4 File Close Ctrl+F4 File Save Ctrl+S File Save Ctrl+S File Save as F12 File Save as F12 File Print Preview Ctrl+F2 File Print Preview Ctrl+F2 File Print Ctrl+P File Print Ctrl+P File Exit Alt+F4 File Exit Alt+F4 Edit Menu Edit Undo Ctrl+Z Edit Undo Ctrl+Z Edit Repeat Ctrl+Y Edit Repeat Ctrl+Y Edit Cut Ctrl+X Edit Cut Ctrl+X Edit Copy Ctrl+C Edit Copy Ctrl+C Edit Paste Ctrl+V Edit Paste Ctrl+V Edit Delete Ctrl+Backspace Edit Delete Ctrl+Backspace Edit Select All Ctrl+A Edit Select All Ctrl+A Edit Find Ctrl+F Edit Find Ctrl+F Edit Replace Ctrl+H Edit Replace Ctrl+H Edit Go To Ctrl+B Edit Go To Ctrl+B Help Menu Help F1 Help F1 Font Format Italic Ctrl+I Italic Ctrl+I Bold Ctrl+G Bold Ctrl+G Underlined\Word underline Ctrl+U Underlined\Word underline Ctrl+U Large caps Ctrl+Shift+A Large caps Ctrl+Shift+A Small caps Ctrl+Shift+K Small caps Ctrl+Shift+K Paragraph Format Centered Ctrl+E Centered Ctrl+E 45 US Command US English Shortcut Key Māori Command Māori Shortcut key Left aligned Ctrl+L Left aligned Ctrl+L Right aligned Ctrl+R Right aligned Ctrl+R Justified Ctrl+J Justified Ctrl+J Document Translation Considerations Document localisation may require some specific considerations that are different from software localisation. This section covers a few of these areas. Titles In English the titles for chapters usually begin with "How to …" or with phrases such as "Working with …" or "Using …". In the Māori version of Microsoft documentation, use ―(+) Me pēhea …‖ or ―(+) Te whakamahi i …‖ . Copyright Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated. For information on how to deal with product, feature and component names, please refer to the section Applications, Products, and Features. Here are some examples of aspects on legal information and copyright which need to be taken into account: Competitions offered legally in the United States may be illegal in other countries The privacy laws and rules for storing personal information on Web sites vary from country to country Check if the following aspects need to be modified or deleted for your market: prices, special offers, product support services/offers, postal or email addresses, telephone numbers, accessibility services and competitive comparisons Each web page must contain the copyright statement using the correct calendar year - in Māori: "©2011 Microsoft Corporation. Kua rāhuitia ngā tika katoa." For Copyright and Trademark symbols, their ANSI codes, and their Microsoft standard names please refer to the section Special Characters. Disclaimer: Please note that the information provided in this section is for general information only. 46