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7-1 Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Factors and Greatest Common Factors Page 1 of 9 You Ready Chapter 07 Pre-test Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. Attendance Questions. True or False. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. 1. _____ 6 is a factor of 50. 2. _____ 7 is a factor 105. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 3. List the factors of 28. EXAMPLE 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM Tell whether each number is prime or composite. If the number is composite, write it as the product of two numbers. 4. 11 5. 98 Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor • I can write the prime factorization of numbers. • I can find the GCF of monomials. Common Core: CC.9-12.A.SSE.2 Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. For example, see x4–y4 as (x2)2 - (y2)2, thus recognizing it as a difference of squares that can be factored as (x2 – y2) (x2 + y2). 7-1 Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Factors and Greatest Common Factors Page 2 of 9 6. What is the factor of a number? Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 7. What is the fundamental theorem of arithmetic? EXAMPLE 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Remember! A prime number has exactly two factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one factor. Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM Video Example 1: Use the tree diagram and the ladder diagram to prime factorize 80. number 1 e because one ctor. prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) number. and Greatest Page 3 of 9 7-1of aFactors Common Factors Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. XAMPLE 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor Write the prime factorization of 60. The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. EXAMPLE The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Èä ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 2 · 3 · 5. £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1c. 49 Example 1. Prime 98.1b. 33 1a.factorize 40 1d. 19 ter 7 Factoring Polynomials 01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 Guided Practice: Prime factorize the following numbers. 8. 40 9. 33 10. 49 11. 19 7-1 Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Factors and Greatest Common Factors Page 4 of 9 12. What is the greatest common factor? Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. Video Example 2. A)List the factor of 45 and 60 to find the GCF . EXAMPLE 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Factors that are shared by two or more whole numbers are called common factors. The greatest of these common factors is called the greatest common factor , or GCF. Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 B)Use prime factorization to find the GCF of 24 and 36. Factors of 32: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 Common factors: 1, 2, 4 The greatest of the common factors is 4. AMPLE 2 Finding the GCF of Numbers Find the GCF of each pair of numbers. A 24 and 60 Method 1 List the factors. factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 List all the factors. factors of 60: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60 Circle the GCF. The GCF of 24 and 60 is 12. B 18 and 27 Method 2 Use prime factorization. 18 = 2 · 3 · 3 27 = 3·3·3 Write the prime factorization of each number. Align the common factors. 3·3=9 The GCF of 18 and 27 is 9. Find the GCF of each pair of numbers. 2a. 12 and 16 2b. 15 and 25 You can also find the GCF of monomials that include variables. To find the GCF 7-1 Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Factors and Greatest Common Factors Page 5 of 9 Example 2. Find the GCF of the following pairs of numbers. A. 100 and 60 B. 26 and 52 Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. EXAMPLE The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials Guided Practice: Find the GCF of the following pairs of numbers. 13. 12 and 16 14. 15 and 25 CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM Video Example 3: Find the GCF of the following monomials. A. 8x & 4x 2 B. 3a 2 & 5b 4 27 = 7-1 3·3·3 Align the common factors. 3·3=9 The GCF of 18 Guide and 27Factors is 9. and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Algebra: 7-1 Study Factors and Greatest Page 6 of 9 Common Factors Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. Find the GCF of each pair of numbers. 2b. 15 and 25 Helpful Hint 2a. 12 and 16 Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor If two terms contain the same variable raised to You can also find the GCF ofthe monomials include variables. To find the GCF different powers, GCFthat will contain that of monomials, write the prime factorization of each coefficient and write all variable raised to the lower power. powers of variables as products. Then find the product of the common factors. The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. EXAMPLE The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. AMPLE 3 Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Finding the GCF of Monomials Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ Find the GCF of each pair of monomials. ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 A 3x 3 and 6x 2 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each coefficient and write powers as products. Align the common factors. 3x 3 = 3·x·x·x 6x 2 = 2 · 3 · x · x Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 s contain ariable fferent e GCF will t variable he lower Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM Find the product of the common factors. 3 · x · x = 3x 2 The GCF of 3x 3 and 6x 2 is 3x 2. B 4x 2 and 5y 3 Write the prime factorization of each 4x 2 = 2 · 2 · x·x coefficient and write powers as products. 3 5y = 5· y · y · y Align the common factors. There are no common factors other than 1. 2 3 The GCF of 4x and 5y is 1. Find the GCF of each pair of monomials. Example 3. Find the GCF of the following pairs of numbers 3a. 18g 2 and 27 g 3 3 3b. 16a 6 and 9b 3c. 8x and 7v 2 3 2 2 A. 15x & 9x B. 8x & 7y 7-1 Factors and Greatest Common Factors 457 2/15/11 12:54:59 AM 7-1 Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Factors and Greatest Common Factors Page 7 of 9 Guided Practice. Find the GCF of the following pairs of numbers 15. 18g 2 & 27g 3 16. 16a 6 & 9b 17. 8x & 9v 2 Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. EXAMPLE The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM Video Example 4: Morgan is hanging framed photographs by Ansel Adams and 12 photographs by Dorothea Lange. The photos will be displayed in rows along a large wall with the same number in each row. How many rows will be there be if Morgan puts the greatest possible number of photographs in each row? 7-1 Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Factors and Greatest Common Factors Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. XAMPLE 4 Technology Application Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor Page 8 of 9 The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. Garrison is creating a Web page that offers electronic greeting cards. He has 24 special occasion designs and 42 birthday designs. The cards will be displayed with the same number of designs in each row. Special occasion and birthday designs will not appear in the same row. How many rows will there be if Garrison puts the greatest possible number of designs in each row? You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. EXAMPLE The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Party Time Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM The 24 special occasion designs and 42 birthday designs must be divided into groups of equal size. The number of designs in each row must be a common factor of 24 and 42. factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 factors of 42: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42 Find the common factors of 24 and 42. The GCF of 24 and 42 is 6. The greatest possible number of designs in each row is 6. Find the number of rows of each group of designs when there are 6 designs in each row. 24 special occasion designs ___ = 4 rows 6 designs per row 42 birthday designs __ = 7 rows 6 designs per row When the greatest possible number of designs is in each row, there are 11 rows in total. 4. Adrianne is shopping for a CD storage unit. She has 36 CDs by pop music artists and 48 CDs by country music artists. She wants to put the same number of CDs on each shelf without putting pop music and country music CDs on the same shelf. If Adrianne puts the greatest possible number of CDs on each shelf, how many shelves does her storage unit need? THINK AND DISCUSS 7-1 Algebra: 7-1 Study Guide Factors and Greatest Common Factors (pp 456-458) Factors and Greatest Common Factors Page 9 of 9 Example 4. A cafeteria has 18 chocolate-milk cartons and 24 regular-milk cartons. The cook wants to arrange the cartons with the same number of cartons in each row. Chocolate and regular milk will not be in the same row. How many rows will there be if the cook puts the greatest possible number of cartons in each row? Who uses this? Web site designers who sell electronic greeting cards can use the greatest common factor of numbers to design their Web sites. (See Example 4.) Objectives Write the prime factorization of numbers. Find the GCF of monomials. Vocabulary prime factorization greatest common factor The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called factors of that product. A number is divisible by its factors. You can use the factors of a number to write the number as a product. The number 12 can be factored several ways. &ACTORIZATIONSOF A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two positive factors, itself and 1. The number 1 is not prime because it only has one positive factor. EXAMPLE The order of the factors does not change the product, but there is only one example above that cannot be factored further. The circled factorization is the prime factorization because all the factors are prime numbers. The prime factors can be written in any order, and, except for changes in the order, there is only one way to write the prime factorization of a number. 1 Writing Prime Factorizations Write the prime factorization of 60. Method 1 Factor tree Method 2 Ladder diagram Choose any two factors of 60 to begin. Keep finding factors until each branch ends in a prime factor. Choose a prime factor of 60 to begin. Keep dividing by prime factors until the quotient is 1. Èä Ó Èä Î Îä Ó £ä x x £ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÎä £äÊÊÊÊÊÊÎ ÓÊÊÊÊÊÊÊx 60 = 2 · 3 · 2 · 5 60 = 2 · 2 · 5 · 3 2 The prime factorization of 60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5 or 2 · 3 · 5. Write the prime factorization of each number. 1a. 40 1b. 33 1c. 49 1d. 19 456 Chapter 7 Factoring Polynomials CC13_A1_MESE647036_C07L01.indd 456 5/2/11 1:00:27 PM 18. Guided Practice: Adrianne is shopping for a CD storage unit. She has 36 CDs by pop music artists and 48 CDs by country music artists. She wants to put the same number of CDs on each shelf without putting pop music and country music CDs on the same shelf. If Adrianne puts the greatest possible number of CDs on each shelf, how many shelves does her storage unit need? 7-1 Assignment (pp 459-461) 20, 26, 30, 31, 32, 36, 37, 42, 46, 48, 54, 56-58.