Download Life Science: Cells

Name:
_______________________________________________
Date:
__________________________
Section:___________
Life
Science:
Cells
Cells
are
the
basic
unit
of
life
and
contain
specific
parts
that
do
specific
jobs.
Seeing
Cells
•
•
•
LEARNING
GOALS:
By
successfully
completing
this
lab…
#1.
I
will
be
able
to
explain
the
differences
between
plant
and
animal
cells.
#2.
I
will
be
able
to
identify
what’s
inside
a
cell
and
explain
what
goes
on
there.
#5.
I
will
be
able
to
use
a
microscope
to
identify
the
parts
of
plant
and
animal
cells.
•
•
•
KEY
TERMS
Cell
Membrane‐
controls
which
substances
enter
or
leave
the
cell.
Cell
wall­
the
stiff
wall
that
surrounds
the
membrane
in
plant
cells.
Chloroplasts‐
structure
in
plant
cells
that
captures
energy
from
sunlight
that
is
used
to
produce
food.
Cytoplasm‐
jelly‐like
substance
between
the
cell
membrane
and
the
nucleus.
Endoplasmic
reticulum­
a
maze
of
passageways
that
allow
proteins
and
other
materials
to
be
carried
from
one
part
of
the
cell
to
another.
Golgi
body­
receives
and
distributes
proteins
and
materials
from
the
endoplasmic
reticulum
and
distributes
them
to
other
parts
of
the
cell.
Lysosomes­
contains
chemicals
that
break
down
large
food
particles
into
smaller
ones.
Mitochondria­
provides
energy
to
the
cell
from
food
molecules.
Nucleus­
controls
all
of
the
cell’s
activities.
Ribosomes­
located
in
the
cytoplasm;
makes
proteins
for
the
cell.
Vacuole­storage
area
inside
of
cells.
KEY
INFO
All
cells
are
similar
but
there
are
differences
in
structure
(how
the
•
cell
is
put
together)
because
of
the
cell’s
function
(its
job).
In
this
skills
lab
you
will
observe
different
types
of
cells;
one
from
your
mouth
and
the
others
from
plants.
•
Many
things
that
are
viewed
using
a
microscope,
particularly
•
cells,
can
appear
quite
transparent
under
the
microscope.
The
internal
parts
of
the
cells,
the
organelles,
are
so
transparent
that
•
they
are
often
difficult
to
see.
Biologists
have
developed
a
number
of
stains
that
help
them
see
the
cells
and
their
organelles
by
adding
color
to
their
transparent
parts.
•
Certain
stains
color
certain
parts
of
a
cell.
Scientists
choose
specific
stains
when
they
want
to
look
at
a
particular
part
of
a
cell.
You
will
be
experimenting
with
using
stains
to
see
which
parts
of
your
specimens
in
this
lab.
1
Pre­
Lab
SEEING
CELLS
[DO
THIS
PAGE
NOW!]
Self­Check
1. Can
you
name
all
the
parts
(organelles)
in
a
plant
cell?
_____
YES
_____
NO
2. Can
you
name
all
the
parts
(organelles)
in
an
animal
cell?
_____
YES
_____
NO
3. Can
you
prepare
slides
of
objects
to
be
viewed
under
a
microscope?
_____
YES
_____
NO
4. Do
you
know
how
to
stain
slide
specimens
for
easy
viewing?
_____
YES
_____
NO
5. Do
you
know
what
to
do
if
you
see
bubbles
under
the
cover
slip?
_____
YES
_____
NO
Put
an
X
in
the
boxes
to
show
which
organelles
are
in
the
different
types
of
cells
listed
in
the
LEFT
column:
Onion
cell
Plant
cell
Human
cell
Cell
membrane
Cell
Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles
Draw
and
label
all
the
parts
you
can
see
in
a
human
cheek
(inside
your
mouth)
cell
under
40X
magnification.
Draw
and
label
all
the
parts
you
can
see
in
an
onion
cell
under
40X
magnification.
2
Post­
Lab
SEEING
CELLS
[DO
THIS
PAGE
LAST]
Self­Check
1.
Can
you
name
all
the
parts
(organelles)
in
a
plant
cell?
_____
YES
_____
NO
2.
Can
you
name
all
the
parts
(organelles)
in
an
animal
cell?
_____
YES
_____
NO
3.
Can
you
prepare
slides
of
objects
to
be
viewed
under
a
microscope?
_____
YES
_____
NO
4.
Do
you
know
how
to
stain
slide
specimens
for
easy
viewing?
_____
YES
_____
NO
5.
Do
you
know
what
to
do
if
you
see
bubbles
under
the
cover
slip
?
_____
YES
_____
NO
Put
an
X
in
the
boxes
to
show
which
organelles
are
in
the
different
types
of
cells
listed
in
the
LEFT
column:
Onion
cell
Plant
cell
Human
cell
Cell
membrane
Cell
Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles
Draw
and
label
all
the
parts
you
can
see
in
a
human
cheek
(inside
your
mouth)
cell
under
40X
magnification.
Draw
and
label
all
the
parts
you
can
see
in
an
onion
cell
under
40X
magnification.
3
PART
1
PREVIEW
BEFORE
you
get
your
materials
and
start
procedures,
read
the
lab
preview
so
you’ll
be
better
prepared
and
less
apt
to
make
mistakes.
*
*
*
1.
Using
the
blunt
end
of
the
toothpick,
you
will
(gently)
rub
the
back
inside
of
your
cheek.
2.
Put
a
drop
of
iodine
stain
on
the
slide
&
smear
the
end
of
the
toothpick
around
in
the
drop
to
release
the
cells.
Q:
What
tool
should
be
used
for
this?
____________________________________________________________________
3.
Carefully
place
a
cover
slip
to
avoid
air
bubbles.
Q:
What
should
you
do
if
there
are
air
bubbles?
________________________________________________________
Hint:
Check
Microscope
Madness
lab.
4.
Observe
your
slide
under
4X
power
‐
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
‐
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
5.
Observe
your
slide
under
10X
power
‐
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
‐
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
6.
Observe
your
slide
under
40X
power
‐
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
‐
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
Q:
What
adjustment
knob
should
be
used
to
focus
the
specimen?
______________________________________
Here
is
the
procedure
for
making
a
wet
mount
slide
of
a
specimen
1.
Use
the
eyedropper
to
place
a
drop
of
water
or
stain
on
the
center
of
a
microscope
slide
2.
Use
the
tweezers
to
position
the
specimen
in
the
center
of
the
drop.
3.
Holding
the
cover
slip
at
a
45
degree
angle,
lower
it
slowly
over
the
drop
of
water/stain.
Teacher
Check:
________
4
Check
off
each
item
BEFORE
you
start.
ALWAYS
CARRY
A
____
Microscope
____
pencil
MICROSCOPE
IN
AN
____
Glass
Slide
____
Iodine
UPRIGHT
POSITION.
____
Cover
slip
____
Dropper
____
Toothpick
PROCEDURES
PART
1:
HUMAN
CHEEK
CELLS
 STEP 1: Go to the rubrics on the last 2 pages and read the criteria for drawings and answers.
 STEP 2: Set up your microscope in a secure location to avoid an expensive crash!
 STEP 3: Get a clean slide. Put a drop of methylene blue or iodine in the middle. 5. The ocular lens is marked with its magnification power. (This is how much larger the lens
makes objects appear.)
a. What is the magnification power of the ocular lens of your microscope?
Caution:
methylene
blue
and
iodine
will
stain
clothes
and
skin.
6. The three objective lenses are marked with their magnification power. The first number
marked on each lens is the magnification power of that lens.
b. What is the magnification of the lowest power lens of your microscope?
c. What is the magnification of the high power lens?
toothpick
7. To find the total magnification of your microscope as you are using it, multiply the ocular lens
scrapings
power
times the power of the objective lens that you are using. For example, if the ocular lens of
a
microscope has a power of 5x and you use an objective that is 10x, then the total magnification
of the microscope at that time is 50x (5x10=50).
2
drops
iodine
d. What is the total magnification of your microscope when using low power?
glass
slide
is the total magnification of your microscope when using high power?
e. What
 STEP
4:
GENTLY
scrape
the
inside
of
your
cheek
with
the
flat
side
of
a
toothpick.
Scrape
lightly,
this
is
Part II. Preparing and using a Wet Mount
8. Using a piece of newspaper or phone book, find a small, lowercase letter “e.” Cut a 1 cm
square with that letter “e” near the middle of the square. (Do not just cut out the letter e, or it will
be too hard to work with. The piece of paper that you cut out should be about the size of a
NOT
a
blood
cell
lab!
These
cells
are
constantly
being
shed
from
your
mouth
so
you’ll
never
miss
them.
fingernail.)
 STEP
5:
Smear
the
end
of
the
toothpick
around
in
the
stain
to
release
the
cells
and
then
throw
the
toothpick
away.
9. Place the square of paper in the middle of a clean glass slide. Position the square so that the
words are in normal reading position (in other words, don’t have the “e” turned sideways or
upside-down). With a pipette, put 1 drop of water on the paper square. Drop the water from
about 1 cm above the slide; do not touch the pipette to the paper square or the paper will stick
to the pipette.
Technique
Tip:
You
should
not
just
drop
the
cover
slip
onto
or
water
air
drop
bubbles
will
cover
get
slip.
10. the
Now,slide
cover the
with a clean
Thestudy.
best way
If
to do
thisdo
is shown
Figure 3. air
Hold
trapped.
This
makes
the
slide
very
difficult
to
you
trap
inseveral
the cover slip at a 45° angle to the slide and move it
bubbles,
remove
the
slip
and
try
again.
NEVER
PRESS
ON
THE
COVER
SLIP
TO
over the drop. As the water touches the cover slip, it
will start the
to spread.
Gently
the angle
of the
TRY
TO
REMOVE
AIR
BUBBLES.
This
will
break
cover
slip
lower
and/or
damage
cover slip to allow the water to evenly coat the under
surface, then let the slip drop into place.
your
specimen.
You should not just drop the cover slip onto the
slide or air bubbles will get trapped. This makes the

slide very difficult to study. If you do trap several air
bubbles, remove the slip and try again. Never
Figure 3
STEP
6:
Observe
your
slide
under
4X
power
‐
draw
what
you
see
on
the
data
press on the cover slip to try to remove air bubbles.
This will break the cover slip and/or damage your specimen.
sheet
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
‐
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.


11. On your microscope, move the low-power objective into place. You should always begin
studying a slide on low power, because this makes it easiest to find objects on the slide.
Position the diaphragm so that the largest opening is used. This will allow the maximum amount
STEP
7:
Repeat
step
6
under
10X
magnification.
of light to be used. Check your wet mount slide to be sure that the bottom of the slide is dry. (A
wet slide will stick on the stage of the microscope.) Sit so that the arm of the microscope is
closest to you, and place the slide on the stage with the “e” in a normal reading position for you.
STEP
8:
Repeat
Step
7
under
40X
magnification.
5
DATA
SHEET
Observe
your
slide
under
4X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
CHEEK
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
DID
YOU
USE
&
FOLLOW
THE
CHECKLIST?
ARE
YOU
CERTAIN?
Observe
your
slide
under
10X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
CHEEK
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
6
Observe
your
slide
under
40X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
CHEEK
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
Use
complete
sentences
and
key
terms
to
answer
the
following
questions:
1.Describe
the
shape(s)
of
the
cell
membrane.
Shapes
include
round,
square,
irregular,
jagged,
etc.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Were
all
the
cells
the
same
shape?
Explain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7
2.Explain
the
reason(s)
why
you
used
iodine
stain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What
would
it
have
looked
like
without
the
stain?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teacher
Check:
________
8
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!
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%&!'()*3!
Check
off
each
item
BEFORE
you
start.
K,()/!%+0!?&#*,!?+(2+!.#0!@&-*'.20*!.@&901!?#(%0!*&?)!%+0!20--!<.#%,!$&5!?0#0!4%)+.@-0!
ALWAYS
CARRY
A
!
____
Microscope
____
pencil
MICROSCOPE
IN
AN
%&!'()*3!
K,()/!%+0!/#00)!<0)2(-!()!$&5#!%#.$1!2&-&#!%+0!/#00)!20--!<.#%,!$&5!'&5)*3!
____
Glass
Slide
____
Iodine
UPRIGHT
POSITION.
!
!
____
Cover
slip
____
Dropper
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____
Onion
skin
____
Tweezers
!
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!
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FGHI.++HJK(+(9KLI+8MF+FGN+OI+89IMFIL+MFL+;I5(IL2+
@&*(0,+%&!8&90!()!%+0!2-0.#!?.%0#$!8.%0#(.-!&'!%+0!<-.)%A,!20--3!
PROCEDURES
+
!
+
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PART
2:
ONION
SKIN
CELLS
+
+
.
+
G4,%4+(P,4+8'&&6.+
+
+
STEP
1:
Get
a
small
piece
of
onion.
(You
will
find
parts
of
an
onion
in
water
)
Use
tweezers
to
peel
off
the
G4,%4+(P,4+8'&&6.+
J&5!?(--!'()*!<.#%,!&'!.)!%4,%4!()!?.%0#!&)!$&5#!%#.$3!
skin
from
the
underside
(the
rough,
white
side)
of
the
onion.
Throw
the
rest
of
the
onion
piece
away.
()'*+G4'.++D08&90!&)0!%+()!-.$0#!&'!%+0!&)(&)3!!
+
!!
J&5!?(--!'()*!<.#%,!&'!.)!%4,%4!()!?.%0#!&)!$&5#!%#.$3!
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()'*+G4'.++D08&90!&)0!%+()!-.$0#!&'!%+0!&)(&)3!!
onion
!!!!!!!!!
!!
()'*+H7<''.++O&-*!%+(,!&)(&)!-.$0#!,&!%+.%!%+0!25#90*!&#!#%4#"!'!,(*0!(,!'.2()/!$&53!!;0
STEP
2:
Carefully
hold
this
onion
layer
so
that
the
curved
or
concave
side
is
facing
you.
(See
picture)
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<(2%5#03!
!!!!!!!!!
!
()'*+H7<''.++O&-*!%+(,!&)(&)!-.$0#!,&!%+.%!%+0!25#90*!&#!#%4#"!'!,(*0!(,!'.2()/!$&53!!;00!
<(2%5#03!
STEP
3:
Tear
the
layer
into
two
parts.
You
should
see
a
clear,
paper­thin
layer.
!



 STEP
4:
Add
2
drops
of
iodine
to
the
slide.
 STEP
5:
Now
take
away
a
paper­thin
layer
from
the
onion
by
pulling
it
off
the
curved
side
of
the
onion.
(This
is
like
removing
dead
skin
after
a
sunburn.)
Make
it
smaller
than
the
thin
cover
slip
and
place
it
on
the
slide
as
shown
in
the
picture
below.
 STEP
6:
Slowly
lower
the
other
side
of
the
cover
slip
until
it
covers
the
onionskin
completely.
If
there
are
air
bubbles,
gently
tap
on
the
glass
to
“chase”
them
out.
cover
slip
 STEP
7:
Make
sure
the
lowest
power
lens
(the
shortest
lens)
is
in
place
over
the
stage
and
the
microscope
light
is
turned
on.
Place
the
slide
onto
the
stage
of
the
microscope.
 STEP
8:
Look
through
the
eyepiece
and
turn
the
coarse
focus
knob
(the
largest
knob)
until
an
image
comes
into
focus.
It
should
look
like
a
brick
wall
or
like
lizard
skin.
 STEP
9:
Now
use
the
fine
focus
knob
(the
smallest
knob)
to
make
the
image
as
focused
as
possible.
 STEP
10:
In
the
data
sheet,
draw
a
picture
of
what
you
see..
Label
as
many
parts
of
the
cell
as
you
can
see.
In
the
onion
cells,
you
should
be
able
to
see
centers
or
nuclei.
They
should
appear
as
round
dark‐stained
objects.
You
will
see
them
either
in
the
center
of
the
cell
or
at
the
edge
of
the
cell.
The
center
or
nucleus
is
the
control
center
for
the
cell.
This
means
that
the
center
can
control
everything
that
a
cell
does.
9
 STEP
11:
Looking
from
the
SIDE
of
the
microscope,
NOT
through
the
eyepiece,
rotate
the
lenses
to
the
next
powered
lens.
If
you
need
to,
use
the
fine
focus
knob
(the
smallest
knob)
to
get
the
image
into
focus.
DO
NOT
USE
THE
LARGE
KNOB!!
On
the
data
sheet,
draw
a
picture
of
what
you
see.
 STEP
12:
Again,
looking
from
the
SIDE
of
the
microscope,
rotate
the
lenses
to
the
highest
powered
lens.
If
you
need
to,
use
the
fine
focus
knob
(the
smallest
knob)
to
get
the
image
into
focus.
DO
NOT
USE
THE
LARGE
KNOB!!
On
the
data
sheet,
draw
a
picture
of
what
you
see.
 STEP
13:
Switch
to
the
lowest
power
lens
and
clean
up
your
materials.
Check
off
each
item
BEFORE
you
start.
ALWAYS
CARRY
A
____
Microscope
____
pencil
MICROSCOPE
IN
AN
____
Glass
Slide
____
Plant
leaf
UPRIGHT
POSITION.
____
Cover
slip
____
Dropper
&'!$(!)*'+,'(-.!#&'/0!
____
Tweezers
&'(()%*+,('%-.+),%*#..%/(%012)3%#)%+%42.,2'(%3#$"%1)%512'%,'+56%%7((-%,"(%*+,('%,"('(%
,#8($%2).($$%512%+'(%,+9#)&%+*+5%+%.(+06%%:119%+,%,"(%-.+),6%%%;+9(%$2'(%512%"+<(%+%
10%*+,('%1)%,"(%$.#3(%01'%,"#$%1)(%.(+06%%=>+<#)&%,"#$%*+,('%1)%,"(%$.#3(%#$%4+..(3%+%1&2!
*25?%%%
PROCEDURES
PART
3:
PLANT
CELLS
8*&0!!@2,%1)(%=A?%1'%,*1%=B?%3'1-$%10%*+,('%1)%512'%$.#3(6%%C12%31%)1,%*+),%,"(%.(+0%
418(%,11%3'56%

 STEP
2:
Add
one
drop
of
tap
water
to
the
slide.
 STEP
3:
Stand
a
thin
glass
cover
slip
on
its
edge
near
the
leaf,
next
to
the
drop
of
water.
Slowly
lower
the
91$0!!+9(%1)(%<('5%&'(()%.(+0%+)3%-2,%#,%#)%,"(%*+,('6%%D(%$2'(%#,$%,1-%#$%0+4#)&%2-%
STEP
1:
Tear
off
one
small
leaf
from
the
elodea
plants
floating
in
tank.
3$%,"(%4(#.#)&6%%:119%+,%,"(%-#4,2'(%/(.1*%,1%8+9(%$2'(%512%"+<(%#,%0+4#)&%,"(%'#&",%
other
side
of
the
cover
slip
until
it
covers
the
leaf
completely.
Make
sure
there
are
no
air
bubbles.
9,(&&0!!@.+4(%,"(%,"#)%&.+$$%$E2+'(F%+.$1%9)1*)%+$%+%+$:&(!.#-7F%1<('%,"(%.(+06%%%%%%
+,%,"(%4(..$%#)%,"(%.(+0%1)%;<5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"()%81<(%,1%=><6%

cover
slip
?$4(0!!:119%+&+#)%#)%,"(%8#4'1$41-(6%%%G+)%512%4.(+'.5%$((%,"(%.(+0%4(..$H%%I1*%
STEP
4:
Make
sure
the
lowest
power
lens
(the
shortest
lens)
is
in
%,"(%3#+.%,1%;><5!!!!!;+9(%$2'(%512%"+<(%+)1,"('%4.(+'%-#4,2'(%10%,"(%4(..$6%%
place
over
the
stage.
Place
the
slide
onto
the
stage
of
the
microscope.

STEP
5:Look
through
the
eyepiece
and
turn
the
coarse
focus
knob
(the
largest
knob)
until
an
image
comes
(+0%#$%8+3(%2-%10%,*1%=B?%.+5('$%10%4(..$6%%C12%1).5%*+),%,1%$((%+%.+5('%10%.+'&(%
into
focus.
It
should
look
like
small
green
bricks
or
like
lizard
skin.
%%
 STEP
6:
Now
use
the
fine
focus
knob
(the
smallest
knob)
to
make
the
image
as
focused
as
possible.
On
the
?-:&0%C12%$"12.3%/(%+/.(%,1%$((%,"(%01..1*#)&%0(+,2'($%1'%-+',$J!
data
page,
draw
a
picture
of
what
you
see.
Label
as
many
parts
of
the
cell
as
you
can
see.
You
should
be
able
to
see
the
following
features
or
parts:
@&##!A'##!B!!"#$%#$%,"(%,"#49%12,('%41<('#)&%10%(+4"%4(..6=,"(%3+'9%.#)($%/(.1*?%
•
Cell
Wall
­
This
is
the
thick
outer
covering
of
each
cell.(the
dark
lines)
@,#$($7#'.2.!B!!"($(%+'(%,"(%&'(()%1<+.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/13#($%512%$((%*"()%512%
•
Chloroplasts
­
These
are
the
green
oval
bodies
you
see
when
you
look
at
the
cell.
.119%+,%,"(%4(..6%
•
Cytoplasm
­
This
is
the
clear
watery
material
upon
which
the
green
oval
bodies
stay
on
top
or
float.
@C2$7#'.3!B!!"#$%#$%,"(%4.(+'%*+,('5%8+,('#+.%2-1)%*"#4"%,"(%&'(()%1<+.%/13#($%
 Vacuole
­
this
is
a
large,
clear
sac
or
pouch
that
is
filled
with
water.
It
can
be
found
in
the
middle
of
$,+5%1)%,1-%1'%0.1+,6%
@&##!3&3D('*&!K%L%8(8/'+)(%#$%+%,"#)F%$10,%.+5('%,"+,%41<('$%+)%1'&+)6%%M,%#$%
-2$"(3%+&+#)$,%,"(%#)$#3(%10%,"(%4(..%*+..6%%C12%*#..%*$2!$((%#,6%
E'+4$#&!B!,"#$%#$%+%.+'&(F%4.(+'%$+4%1'%-124"%,"+,%#$%0#..(3%*#,"%*+,('6%%M,%4+)%/(%
10
the
green
oval
bodies
or
chloroplasts.
It
fills
up
a
lot
of
the
cell.
It
can
only
be
seen
when
you
move
your
eyes
up
and
down
to
find
a
point
where
the
image
is
clear.
By
“clear”
I
mean
that
that
you
can
see
oval
green
bodies
appearing
only
around
the
edge
of
the
cell‐
the
rest
is
the
vacuole.
 STEP
7:
Looking
from
the
SIDE
of
the
microscope,
rotate
the
lenses
to
the
next
power.
If
you
need
to,
use
the
fine
focus
knob
(the
smallest
knob)
to
get
the
image
into
focus.
You
should
be
able
to
see
lots
of
small
green
dots
in
each
cell.
On
the
data
page,
draw
a
picture
of
what
you
see.
Label
as
many
parts
of
the
cell
as
you
can
see.
 STEP
8:
Again,
looking
from
the
SIDE
of
the
microscope,
rotate
the
lenses
to
the
highest
power
lens.
If
you
need
to,
use
the
fine
focus
knob
(the
smallest
knob)
to
get
the
image
into
focus.
The
little
green
dots
should
get
larger.
On
the
data
page,
draw
a
picture
of
what
you
see.
Label
as
many
parts
of
the
cell
as
you
can
see.
 STEP
9:
Switch
to
the
lowest
power
lens
and
THEN
remove
the
slide
and
clean
up.
11
Observe
your
slide
under
4X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
ONION
SKIN
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
DID
YOU
USE
&
FOLLOW
THE
CHECKLIST?
ARE
YOU
CERTAIN?
Observe
your
slide
under
10X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
ONION
SKIN
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
12
Observe
your
slide
under
40X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
ONION
SKIN
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
DID
YOU
USE
&
FOLLOW
THE
CHECKLIST?
ARE
YOU
CERTAIN?
Observe
your
slide
under
4X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
PLANT
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
13
Observe
your
slide
under
10X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
PLANT
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
DID
YOU
USE
&
FOLLOW
THE
CHECKLIST?
ARE
YOU
CERTAIN?
Observe
your
slide
under
40X
power
draw
what
you
see
‐
identify
&
label
cell
parts
and
write
a
brief
description
of
your
observations
&
magnification
next
to
each
drawing.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
PLANT
CELL
Mag.____________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Organelles
that
were
visible:
Organelles
that
were
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there:
14
Use
complete
sentences
and
key
terms
to
answer
the
following
questions:
1.Describe
the
shape(s)
of
the
cell
walls.
Shapes
include
round,
square,
irregular,
jagged,
etc.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Were
both
cells
the
same
shape?
Explain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Explain
the
reason(s)
why
you
used
iodine
stain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What
would
the
specimens
have
looked
like
without
the
stain?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAY
MORE
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15
SCIENTIFIC
DRAWING
CHECKLIST
 Did
you
use
a
sharp
pencil?
 Did
you
use
a
ruler
to
draw
the
pointing
line
and
a
second
line
for
the
name?
 Is
the
size
of
the
drawing
large
enough
so
you
can
 Are
all
labels
and
the
title
printed
only?
include
labels
and
titles?
 Is
there
a
title
of
the
object
on
the
top
line
or
just
 Are
all
labels
outside
the
object
and
parallel
to
above
the
object
in
capital
letters?
the
bottom
of
the
page
(not
written
sideways
or
at
an
angle?)
 Did
you
label
all
the
different
parts/structures
that
 Are
all
lines
sharp,
crisp
and
clear?
you
observed?
 Do
the
lines
used
for
labeling
point
directly
at
the
o
 If
you
used
colors,
are
they
realistic
and
as
close
as
possible
to
the
actual
colors
of
the
specimen?
part
you
are
naming
and
not
cross
each
other?
INCORRECT
CELL
DRAWING
CORRECT
CELL
DRAWING
(colors
not
shown)
M
O
R
E
16
SCORING
RUBRIC
4
Yes,
and
in
addition…
1.
Each
of
the
nine
drawings
follows
the
checklist.
16­15
pts
A+
(98%)
9
pts
C+
(78%)
14
pts
A
(95%)
8
pts
C‐
(75%)
13
pts
A‐
(90)
7pts
C‐
(70%)
2
Yes,
but…
1
Not
yet
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
S_______
T_______
2.
Each
of
the
nine
drawings
has
a
full
and
scientifically
S_______
accurate
description
that
includes:
 The
shape
and
color
of
the
cell(s)
T_______
 The
structures
that
are
visible,
and
 The
structures
that
are
NOT
visible
but
should
be
there
3.
Each
answer
to
the
questions
is
written
in
complete
S_______
sentences
that:
 Begin
w/capital
letters
T_______
 Have
space
between
each
word
and,
 Have
a
subject
and
a
verb
4.
Each
answer
to
the
questions
is
scientifically
accurate
and
has
supporting
details
that
use
key
terms
and
info
which
is
S_______
legible
and
spelled
correctly.
!
3
Yes
Scoring
Key
12
pts
B
+
(88%)
6
pts
D
+
(68%)
11pts
B
(85%)
5
pts
D
(65%)
10
pts
B‐
(80%)
4
pts.
D‐
(63‐60%)
Total
(S)
____________
Total
(T)
___________
!"#$%%&'(#$)*+,*(-&.#
!"#/01-2)232.(#$)*+,*(-&.#
40*+25#6"!#$%&''&()!7"!*++,!8"!-&&,.!/012+3&0&()!9"!-+)!4%%&1)45'&#
# 65! 6! &$%&&,&,! )9&! +5A&%)/3&.! 4(,! '&42(/(?! ?+4'.! +>! )9/.!
#65#6!7+28&,!+(!)9&!)4.8:'45!;()/'!/)!74.!%+01'&)&,<!!
6! 1;.9&,! 0=.&'>! )+! %+()/(;&! 7+28/(?! &3&(! 79&(! 6! ?+)! '&..+(:'45<!6!)+)4''=!?+)!)9&!?+4'B.CD!
,/.)24%)&,@!,/>>/%;')/&.!42+.&!+2!4!.+';)/+(!74.!(+)!+53/+;.<!
6! 3/&7&,! ,/>>/%;')/&.! 4.! +11+2);(/)/&.! )+! .)2&(?)9&(! 0=!
;(,&2.)4(,/(?<!
75! 6! 7+28&,! +(! )9&! )4.8:'45! ;()/'! /)! 74.! %+01'&)&,<! 6!
7E! 6! 0&)! 4''! )9&! +5A&%)/3&.! 4(,! '&42(/(?! ?+4'.! +>! )9/.!
1;.9&,!0=.&'>!)+!%+()/(;&!7+28/(?!+(!)9&!)4.8!&3&(!79&(! '&..+(:'45<!
,/>>/%;')/&.!42+.&!+2!4!.+';)/+(!74.!(+)!+53/+;.<!
# 8E! 6! 1;)! .+0&! &>>+2)! /()+! )9&! )4.8:'45! 5;)! 6! .)+11&,!
# 8E! 6! 0&)! .+0&! +>! )9&! +5A&%)/3&.! 4(,! '&42(/(?! ?+4'.! +>!
7+28/(?!79&(!,/>>/%;')/&.!42+.&!4(,!74/)&,!>+2!)9&!)&4%9&2! )9/.!'&..+(:'45!5;)!,/,!(+)!?&)!4''!+>!)9&0<!
+2!+)9&2.!)+!,+!/)!>+2!0&<!
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