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SECTION 3 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM The integumentary system has many important functions, such as (1) Skin waterproofs the body and prevents fluid loss. Skin also helps the immunologic system by acting as a barrier to organisms. (2) Sebaceous glands, which are oil glands, lubricate the skin and discourage the growth of bacteria. (3) Sudoriferous glands, which are sweat glands, help to regulate body temperature and water content. (4) Hair helps control loss of body heat and acts as a receptor for the sense of touch. (5) Nails help protect the surface end of the last bone of each finger and toe. The integumentary system consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous, and sudoriferous glands. Word Elements (We will first look at some of the word elements that might be used in this system. Listen as each word element is being pronounced. Practice these word elements several times before going on to the next section.) -algia (a_l’ je_ a_) means pain algia bas/o (ba_ so_) means bottom or lowest part baso carcin/o (kar _ si_ no_) means cancerous carcino cheil/o (ki_ lo_) means lip cheilo cili/o (si_l e_ o_) means eyelash or microscopic hairlike projections cilio corne/o (kor ne_ o_) means cornea, horny or hard corneo cry/o (kri_ o_) means cold cryo cutane/o (ku_ ta_’ ne_ o_) means skin cutaneo cut/o (ku_ to_) means skin cuto cyt/o (si_ to_) means cell cyto decub (de_ ku_b) means to lie down decub dermat/o (de_r ma_ to_) means skin dermato derm/o (de_r mo_) means skin dermo -e_ is a noun suffix. In some words it also means that the word is an instrument. e epi- (e_p _i ) means upon, over, at, in addition to epi erythr/o (e_ ri_th ro_) means red erythro granul/o (gra_n u_ lo_) means little grain granulo hidr/o (hi_ dro_) means sweat hidro hyper- (hi_ pe_r) means excessive, above, over hyper integument- (i_n te_g u_ me_nt) means the skin integument -itis (i_’ ti_s) means inflammation itis kerat/o (ke_r a_ to_) means horny, hard, cornea kerato leuk/o (lu_ ko_) means white (also spelled leuco) leuko lip/o (li_ po_, li_p o_) means fat or lipid lipo melan/o (me_l a_ no_) means black or darkness melano myc/o (mi_ ko_) means fungus myco -oid (oyd) means like or resembling oid -ology (o_l o_ je_) means the study of ology -oma (o_ ma_) means tumor or neoplasm oma onych/o (o_n _i ko_) means nail onycho -osis (o_ si_s) means condition osis pil/o (pi_ lo_) means hair pilo scler/o (skle_ ro_) means hard or the white of the eye. The white of the eye is known as the sclera. sclero seb/o (se_b o_) means oil (sebum) sebo squam/o (skwa_ mo_) means scale squamo sub- (su_b) means under, below, beneath sub sudor/o (su_ do_ ro_) means sweat sudoro trich/o (tri_k o_) means hair tricho xanth/o (za_n tho_) means yellow xantho xer/o (ze_ ro_) means dry xero Integumentary System Words alopecia (al” _o pe_’ she_ a_) means hair loss alopecia basal cell carcinoma (ba_’ sa_l cell ka_r” si_ no_’ ma_) is a malignancy of the skin that rarely metastasizes basal means pertaining to base carcin/o means cancerous -oma means tumor basal cell carcinoma cheilitis (ki_ li_’ ti_s) means inflammation of the lip cheil/o means lip -itis means inflammation cheilitis ciliary (si_l’ e_ e_r” e_) means pertaining to eyelashes cili/o means eyelash ciliary cryosurgery (kri_” o_ se_r’ je_r e_) means use of extreme cold to freeze or destroy tissue cry/o means cold cryosurgery decubitus ulcer (de_ ku_’ bi_ tu_s) means bedsore decub means lying down decubitus ulcer dermatitis (de_r” ma_ ti_’ ti_s) means inflammation of the skin, usually accompanied by redness, itching, and/or lesions of the skin dermat/o means skin -itis means inflammation dermatitis dermatology (de_r” ma_ to_l’ o_ je_) is the study of the skin and its diseases dermat/o means skin -ology means study of dermatology epidermis (e_p” _i de_r’ mi_s) is the outer layer of skin epi- means upon, over derm/o means skin epidermis erythralgia (e_r” _i thra_l’ je_ a_) is a condition of painful redness of the skin erythr/o means red -algia means pain erythralgia excoriation (e_ks ko_ re_ a_’ shu_n) is the removal of the epidermis or the covering of an organ by trauma, chemicals, burns, or other causes excoriation hyperhidrosis (hi_” pe_r hi_ dro_’ si_s) means excessive sweating hyper- means excessive hidr/o means sweat -osis means condition hyperhidrosis integumentary (i_n te_g u_ me_n’ ta_ re_) means relating to the skin integument means skin integumentary keratosis (ke_ a_ to_’ si_s) means a horny growth kerat/o means horny -osis means condition keratosis leukoplakia (lu_” ko_ pla_’ ke_ a_) means a formation of white spots leuk/o means white leukoplakia melanin (me_l a_ ni_n) is pigment that gives color to hair and skin melan/o means black or darkness melanin scleroderma (skle_r” o_ de_r’ ma_) is a disease that causes hard skin scler/o means hard derm means skin scleroderma sebaceous (se_ ba_’ shu_s) glands are oil-producing glands seb/o (oil) sebaceous glands squamous cell carcinoma (skwa_’ mu_s cell ka_r” si_ no_’ ma_) is a malignant tumor of the epidermis composed of squamous cells squam/o means scale carcin/o means cancerous -oma means tumor squamous cell carcinoma subcutaneous tissue layer (su_b” ku_ ta_’ ne_ u_s) is the third layer of tissue covering the body sub- means under cutane/o means skin subcutaneous tissue layer sudoriferous (su_ dor _i f’ e_r u_s) glands are the sweat-producing glands sudor/o means sweat sudoriferous glands systemic lupus erythematosus (si_s te_m’ _i k lu_’ pu_s e_r _i the_’ ma_ to_ si_s) is a chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue that may cause injury to the kidneys, nervous system, skin, joints, etc.) systemic means pertaining to systems erythema means red systemic lupus erythematosus xanthoma (za_n tho_’ ma_) means yellow growths caused by deposits of fat in the skin xanth/o means yellow -oma means tumor xanthoma xerosis (ze_ ro_’ si_s) means abnormal dryness of the skin xer/o means dry -osis means condition xerosis This ends the section on the Integumentary System. If you have any questions, please ask your instructor for further clarification or refer to your textbook. You should repeat this section as many times as you feel is necessary to keep as comfortable pronouncing these words as you are spelling them.
