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Chemical Treatment of Ponds and Lakes Integrated Lakes Management Rich Daly & Sarah Denny A peak in the pond management “tool box” • Chemical applications • Bacteria and Enzyme applications • Alum applications • Pond dye applications • Aeration installation • Sediment removal • • • • • Shoreline restoration Native plantings Wildlife control Manual removal Community education The Good and The Bad Why Chemical Applications are good: 1. Control invasive species 2. Cost effective 3. Quick results Why Chemical Applications are bad: 1. Overused and misused 2. Leads to unrealistic expectations 3. Can be environmentally harmful Chemical Treatment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Problem and Solution Identification Plant ID Chemical Selection Application Monitoring Step #1 What is the problem? What is the solution? • Chemical treatment? – Only if other options don’t work or aren’t practical – Only in conjunction with other management techniques – only when appropriate to solve the problem • Nutrient reduction? • Light limitation? • EDUCATION Step #3 Plant Identification • THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP • Hundreds of algal species – Several of which are copper‐resistant • Dozens of common aquatic plants – Several different morphological characteristics • (Rhizomes, tubers, spores, etc) Algal Growth Hydrodictyon (Net Algae) Pithophora Horse‐hair algae, very course, not slimy COPPER RESISTANT Spirogyra Mostly found in the spring Oscillatoria Planktonic Algae Cladophera • Slimier than Pithophera, easier to control Step #4 • Chemical Selection • Two types of chemicals – Systemic • Pros‐ “preventative treatment”, multiple targets • Cons‐ non‐target damage, costly, precise measurements, monitoring for target concentration, slow acting • Ex. Flouridone and 2,4‐D – Contact • Pros‐ minimal non‐target damage (if applied appropriately), less costly, spot treatments • Cons‐ will not kill root systems, will not prevent re‐growth • Ex. Diquat and Endothal Resources • http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/index.htm • http://www.mapms.org/plant_reference.pdf • http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/ How to Decide? • Target plant • Desired results • Treatment Area – Water volume, and size and shape of water body • Irrigation and Water Use Restrictions • Water Movement Non‐Pesticide Applications • Pond Dye • Alum • B&E Step #5 Application • READ THE LABEL – Safety requirements – Method of application – Restrictions – Storage and clean‐up • Test the water before treatment – DO – Alkalinity – pH Fish Kills • The vast majority of fish kills resulting from chemical applications are a results in a drop in DO, not chemical toxicity – Decaying plant matter consumes oxygen – Less material available to photosynthesis • All copper compounds can be toxic to fish if used above labeled rates and can be toxic in soft or acidic waters even at label rates How to prevent a drop in DO • Apply early in AM • If heavy growth, only treat ½ or 1/3 of water at a time • Do not treat if water is less than 5mg/l DO • Keep aeration on during the night Monitoring • • • • Photo Document Watch for non‐target damage Listen to stake holders Determine what is a “successful” treatment