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Name:____________________________________________Date:_______________Period:__________ Greek Theater Guided Notes The origins of drama: *The earliest origins of drama are ancient ________________, called ____________________. These were sing in honor of the god Dionysus. These hymns were later adapted for __________________processions in which participants would dress up on costumes and masks. Word Origin: *The modern word “________________” comes from the Greek word dran meaning “_____________________”. Definition: *__________________________: a poem, chant, or hymn of ancient Greece sung by revelers at the festival in honor of the god ______________________. Greek Theater: *Greek _________________________and _________________________were always performed in _________________________theaters. *Early Greek theaters were probably little mores than open areas in city _____________________or next to ______________________where the audience, standing or sitting, could watch and listen to the chorus singing about the exploits of a god or hero. *From the late ______________century BC to the 4th and 3rd centuries BC there was a gradual evolution towards more elaborate theater structures, but the basic layout of the Greek theater remained the same. Parts of a Greek Theater: *______________________: (literally, “dancing space”) A circular and level space where the chorus would dance, sing, and interact with the actors who were on the stage near the skene. *______________________: (literally, “viewing place”) this is where the spectators sat. The theatron was usually part of hillside overlooking the orchestra. *______________________: (literally, “tent”) The skene was directly in back of the stage, and was usually decorated as a palace, temple, or other building, depending on the needs of the play. It had at least one set of doors, and actors could make entrances and exits through them. *______________________: (literally, “passageways”) The paths by which the chorus and some actors made their entrances and exits. The audience also used them to enter and exit the theater before and after the performance. Theater of Dionysus: *The first plays were performed in the Theatre of ________________________, built in the shadow of the _______________________in Athens at the beginning of the 5th century. *These theatres proved to be so __________________________they soon spread all over Greece. Word Origin: *The modern word “________________”comes from the Greek word theatron meaning “seeing place”. Why Dionysus? *In Greek Mythology Dionysus was the son of _____________________. He is the only god born of one god and one ______________parent. *He was the god of _________________, fertility, and ________________________. *He was raised by _________________, killed, ,dismembered, and resurrected (was actually reborn.) *Other gods had temples, the cult of Dionysus met in the _______________. *It was believed that he could liberate and __________________man. It was also believed that he could endow man with divine ______________________. Dionysus, thus, cam to be considered a patron of the arts. The “City Dionysia”: *In the sixth century BC, the Athenian ruler, ___________________________, established the ‘City Dionysia’, a festival of entertainment held in honor of the god Dionysus. *This festival featured ______________________________in music, singing, dance, and ____________________. *The most remarkable of all the winners was said to be a wandering ________________named Thespis. Word Origin: *Does the name ___________________remind you of anything? Can you guess which modern word goes back to this early actor’s name? *________________________: Of or relating to drama; of or relating to Thespis. Four Qualities of Greek Drama: *1. Performed for _________________________occasions (festivals). Athens had four festivals worshipping Dionysus. *2. _________________________-prizes were awarded. Actors and playwrights competed. *3._________________________-There was singing; the chorus was made up of men (from 3 to 50). The chorus sang, moved, and danced. They moved the ____________________along. *4. The stories were based on __________________or history. Essential pieces of Greek drama: *the ____________________ *the____________________ *the____________________ The Play: Types of Greek Drama *_____________________ *____________________ *____________________________ *Comedy and Tragedy were the most popular types of plays in ancient Greece. Hence, the modern popularity of the comedy and tragedy ______________to symbolize theater. Comedy: *not admitted to Dionysus festival till ________-__________BC late *The first comedies were mainly _____________________and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness. *The first master of comedy was the playwright __________________________. *exaggerated, __________________, sensual pleasures *Structure of comedy: *______________________-leading character conceives a “happy idea” *______________________-entrance of the chorus *______________________-dramatized debate between proponent and opponent of the “happy idea”. *______________________-chorus addresses audience on poet’s view on topic *______________________-“happy idea” is put to practical application The Greek tragedy: *late point of ______________________ *______________________ and death offstage *frequent use of __________________________to relate information *usually continuous time of _______________________ *usually ________________place *stories based on _________________ or history, but varied interpretations of events *focus is on __________________________and _________________attributes of characters, rather than physical and sociological. *Tragedy dealt with ____________, _________________, pride, the abuse of power, and the ________________ relationships between men and gods. *Typically the main _________________of a tragedy commits some terrible crime without realizing how foolish and arrogant he has been. Then, as he slowly realizes his error, the world crumbles around him. *The three great playwrights of tragedy were Aeschylus, ________________________, and Euripides. *Structure of Greek Tragedy: *______________________-which described the situation and set the scene *______________________-an ode sung by the chorus as it made its entrance *Five _______________________scenes-each followed by a Komos, an enchange of laments by the chorus and the protagonist *__________________________-the climax and conclusion *Tragedies were often presented in ____________________________. Interspersed between three plays in the trilogy were ______________________plays, in which satyrs (men dressed as half-goats) made fun of the characters in the surrounding tragedies. *Tragic flaw: *a flaw or ____________________that brings about the downfall of the hero of a tragedy *the Greek term “_____________________________”, typically translated as “tragic flaw”, actually is closer in meaning to a “mistake” or and “error”, “failing” rather in an innate flaw. *the character’s flaw must result from something that is also a central part of their ______________, which goes somewhat arwry, usually due to a lack of knowledge. Satyr Plays: *These were ______________plays performed between the acts of tragedies. They made fun of the plight of the tragedy’s characters. *The ___________________were mythical half-human, half-goat servants of Dionysus. Word Origin: *Does the term ___________________remind you of any modern day term? *The Satyr and the Satyr plays spawned the modern word ____________________________. The Actors: *All of the actors and playwrights were ___________________. Women were not allowed to participate. *The actors played __________________roles, so a mask was used to show the change in character or mood. *____________________and body movements were controlled and stately. *if playing ____________________role-need for female appearance-wore the ________________________before the chest and the _______________________before the belly. The Chorus: *an __________________: gives advice, asks, takes part *establishes _______________________framework, sets up standard by which action will be judged *ideal ___________________-reacts as playwright hopes audience would *sets ____________and heightens dramatic effects *adds __________________________, spectacle, song, and dance *rhythmical _________________-pauses/paces the action so that the audience can reflect. Sophocles (Please write down at least five facts about Sophocles) *_______________________________________________________________________ *_______________________________________________________________________ *_______________________________________________________________________ *_______________________________________________________________________ *_______________________________________________________________________