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PHYSICS FORMULAS I. Motion a. General Velocity v avg x t Straight line motion with constant acceleration Acceleration aavg x 12 (v i v f )t v f v i at v t x v i t 12 at 2 v f 2 v i 2 2a x 1 vavg (v f vi )t 2 II. Force a. General F ma III. Work a. Done by constant force WNet FNet d(cos ) b. Equilibrium F 0 b. Work-Energy Theorem WNet K.E. IV. Energy a. Kinetic energy b. Gravitational Potential Energy c.Elastic Potential Energy K.E. 12 mv 2 Ugrav mgh Uelastic 12 kx2 d. Conservation of Mechanical Energy M.E.i M.E. f e. Power W P t or P Fv V. Momentum a. General b. Impulse-Momentum Theorem c. Conservation of Momentum p mv p Ft mv f mvi pi p f VI. Angular Motion a. Angular Displacement b. Angular Speed c. Angular Acceleration s avg avg r t t d. Tangential Speed e. Tangential Acceleration f. Centripetal Acceleration v2 v t r at r ac t r 2 r g. Centripetal Force h. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity i. Friction Gm1m2 mvt2 Fk / s k / sFN Fg F C r 2 r j. General Torque Fd sin VII. Fluid Mechanics a. Mass Density m v b. Buoyant Force c. Pressure F P A FB Fg mg d. Fluid Pressure as a Function of Depth e. Bernoulli’s Equation P Po gh constant P 12 v 2 gh VIII. Heat and Thermodynamics a.Conservation of Energy b. Specific Heat Capacity c.Ideal Gas Law Q Cp mT PV nRT P.E. K.E. U 0 d. Work done by a Gas W PAd PV f. Combined Gas Law P1V1 P2V2 T1 T2 st e. 1 Law of Thermodynamics U Q W g. Efficiency of Engines W eff out W in IV. Harmonic Motion a. Hooke’s Law b.Period of Simple Pendulum c.Period of Mass-Spring m L Felastic kx T 2 T 2 K g d. Period and Frequency 1 2 T f X. Sound a. Intensity b. Velocity on Rope FT p v I 2 m /L 4r c. Harmonic Series Vibrating String Open Pipe at both Ends Pipe Closed at one end nv nv nv fn fn fn n 1,3,5,... 2L 2L 4L XI. Waves a. General Speed v f XII. Light a. Speed C f d. Index of Refraction c n v g. Destructive Interference d(sin) (m 12 ) b. Mirror 1 1 1 2 do d i f R e. Snell’s Law c. Magnification h' d M i h do f. Critical Angle n sinC r ni ni sini nr (sinr ) h. Constructive Interference d(sin) m XIII. Electricity a. Electric Field Strength 1. General Felecrtic qE 2.Between 2 charges 3. Point Charge qq q Felectric kC 1 2 2 E kC 2 r r b. Electric Potential 1. Uniform Electric Field Uelec qEd 2. Pair of Charges qq U elec kC 1 2 r c. Potential Difference 1. General U electric or U V qV q 2. Uniform Field 3. Point Charge and Infinity q v Ed v kC r d. Capacitance 1. General 2. Parallel 3. Work to move charge across capacitor Q A 1 C C o W CV 2 V d 2 e. Potential Energy Stored in a Capacitor P.E.elec 12 QV f. Electric Current g. Ohm’s Law h. Electric Power i. Battery Voltage Q I V I R P IV V IR t j. Resistance 1. In Series 2. In parallel 3.Resistance 1 1 1 1 ... L Req R1 R2 R3 R Req = R1+ R2+ R3 + … A k. Capacitors 1. In Series 1 1 1 1 ... Ceq C1 C2 C3 2. In parallel Ceq C1 C2 C3 ..... IX. Magnetism a. Magnetic Field Strength b. Magnetic Field Around Wire Fmag I B or Fmag qvBsin B o qV sin 2r c. Force on current-carrying conductor perpendicular to magnetic field Fmag BIl sin d. Faraday’s Law of Magnetic Induction AB cos emf N N NBlv t t XV. Quantum a. Rest Energy and Mass b. Binding Energy of Nucleus 2 ER = mc c. Half-Life 0.693 T1 2 EBIND = mc2 d. Energy of light Photon E hf e. Kinetic Energy of photoelectron(Work function) f. Radioactive Decay Rate E KE hf Wo g. Wavelength and Frequency of Matter Waves h h E f p mv h XVI. Modern a. Time Dilation t v2 L Lo 1 2 c v2 c2 t No e b. Length Contraction to 1 N No e t ln 2 T1/ 2