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Chapter 3 Name__________________ Solids, Liquids and Gases Section 1 States of Matter • Solids, liquids and gases may be ____________________________________ • • _________________ that a substance can exist Depends on ___________ particles of matter are moving due to _____________ and how much _____________ they have Atoms and molecules • • Small ____________ that make up matter Always _________________ Solids • Definite _____________________ • Particles ______________________ • Vibrate in place (_________________) Amorphous solids • Atoms _______________________ • Ex: ___________________________ Crystalline Atoms arranged in orderly fashion with ______________________________________ Liquid • Definite volume, ____________________________ • Fluid-- substance that ___________________ • Move fast enough to overcome _____________________________________________ • Loosely connected and can slide and __________________ • Particles are close together, difficult _______________ Used in __________________ Properties of liquids • Surface tension • Force acting on particles _____________________ (inward attractive pull) of the liquid that cause liquid to ______________________________ • Viscosity • Liquids resistance to flow, more __________, ________ to flow Gas • No definite _______________________ • Takes the shape of _____________________ • Particles move fast enough to completely break away from each other (_______________________________) • Empty space between particles- _____________________ • Particles are free to move independently and _____________ Plasma • • • • Most common state of ______________________. _____________________ made of plasma No definite ________________________ Particles break away from each other, AND particles ______________________________ (charged particles +,-) • Conduct _________________________ • On Earth: _______________________ natural plasmas • Artificial: ____________________ (electric charge pass through gases) Name__________________ Section 2 Changes of State • Change from a _____________________ or • Change from a __________________________ • Is a “change of state” or “_________________” • Conversion of substance from one _______________ to another • Physical change • Identity of substance does not change (________________) • Ex: Water: water vapor( gas), liquid water, ice • Energy of substance changes (_______________) • More _________, particles move _____________ • Gas has more energy than __________, which has more energy than _____________ _________________ is the transfer of energy • Causes _____________________________ • Can lead to a _________________________ • Temperature is measure of speed of particles or _______________________ Melting • Change of state from _______________________ • Ex: Ice to liquid water • Melting point:________________ at which substance changes from solid to liquid • Different for different substances • Heat is absorbed Is ____________ (endo= into) (them=heat) • Heat energy causes the particles to increase motion until ___________________________________ of particles Freezing • Change of state from _________________ • Temperature at which substance freezes is the freezing • point • Heat energy is removed is _______________ (exo=out of) • Enough heat is removed to cause particles to slow down and pulled into more ______________________ • Freezing and melting point is the ___________________! • 0 degrees C for ________________ Vaporization • • Change of state from _____________________ Is ______________________ Boiling: • Vaporization that occurs ___________________________ • Occurs at boiling point • Different substances have different boiling points • Fresh water boils at 100 C at sea level (atmospheric pressure is _________________ Pa (Pascal SI unit for pressure) • 1_________= 1Pa • Atmospheric pressure increases at ________________ (more air), less at ____________________ • Water boils at less than 100 degrees at high elevation • Less air pressure, easier for _______________________ Evaporation • • Vaporization occurs at __________________________ Occurs _______________ boiling point Condensation • • • • Change of state from a _____________________ Same as boiling point Is _________________, energy released Particles clump together when __________________ overcomes their motion Sublimation • • Change of state from a _____________________ ______________________ When substance ____________________ either • _________________ changes • _______________ changes • While a substance changes state, the temperature does not change until ___________________________ • The heat transfer during a phase change is used to break or make the attractive forces between particles _____________________________________________ Section 3The behavior of gases • When working with gases, it is helpful to know: • 1) Volume:_______________________________ • 2)Temperature: measure of average _________________ of particles • 3) Pressure: force of gas ____________________ of the container Pressure • Amount of _____________________ • Pressure is _____________________ of balloons, basketballs, and all containers with gas inside • Gases will move from an ____________________ to an area of low pressure • Units of Pa= Pascals= force/area= __________________ Charles’s Law • A fixed amount of gas a constant pressure will increase in _____________________________________ • (Increase of temperature causes particles ________________, colliding with the sides of the container more often with a _____________, pushing it outward) • Increase T, _________________ Boyle’s Law • A fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature will ________________ as the pressure decreases and vice versa • Increase V, ____________________
