Download Final Exam II - Web review File

Physics First II - Web Practice
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
____
1. A closed circuit has a break in it. _________________________
____
2. An ohm is the unit of measurement for current. _________________________
____
3. Electric current will flow easily through a conductor. _________________________
____
4. A sound wave is an example of a longitudinal wave. _________________________
____
5. When a wave bounces off a wall and changes direction, its interaction with the wall is called diffraction.
________________________
____
6. The frequency of a fire siren sounds high while the frequency of a bass drum sounds low. A term
commonly used to describe how we hear these frequency differences is rhythm.
_________________________
____
7. As the temperature of a gas increases the speed of sound increases. _________________________
____
8. We see most objects around us because they refract light. _________________________
____
9. As light bounces off a surface, it is described as being refracted. _________________________
____
10. An object that appears red in sunlight is illuminated by green light.The color of the object appears green.
_________________________
____
11. An optical instrument that forms images by reflecting light is called a lens. _________________________
____
12. A lens that is thicker on the edges and thinner in the middle will cause light rays to converge.
_________________________
____
13. The term for smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of the element is molecule.
_________________________
____
14. The electromagnetic spectrum includes visible light, ultraviolet light, and radio waves.
_________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
15. The expression mgh represents _________________________ energy.
16. The kinetic energy of an object depends upon two things: ____________________ and
____________________.
17. “Energy can never be created or destroyed, just transformed from one form to another” is a statement of the
law of ______________________________ (three words).
18. The expression
represents ____________________ energy.
19. A complete path through which electricity travels is called a ____________________.
20. A shorthand method of describing a real circuit using electrical symbols is called a
_________________________ (two words).
21. A device used to create an intentional break in a circuit to stop the flow of current is a
____________________.
22. Fuses protect a circuit from too much current by creating a break in the circuit but must be replaced. A
device that may be reset while providing the same protection is a _________________________ (two
words).
23. According to Ohm’s law, resistance is the ratio of ____________________ to ____________________.
24. The distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the next wave is called the
____________________.
25. A unit used to measure the loudness of sound is the ____________________.
26. The color of visible light with the lowest energy is ____________________.
27. The cover on a book appears blue in white light because it ____________________ blue light and
____________________ the other colors of light.
28. An accurately drawn sketch showing how light rays interact with lenses, mirrors, and other optical devices
to form an image is called a ____________________ (two words).
29. Protons and neutrons are located in the tiny ____________________ at the atom’s center.
30. The proton’s ____________________ is equal and opposite to the electron’s.
31. The _________________________ (two words) is equal to the number of protons and is different for each
element.
32. The _________________________ (two words) of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons
in the nucleus.
33. The outer electrons in an atom that participate in forming chemical bonds are called
____________________ electrons.
Matching
For the following element, match the letter with the type of information given.
____
____
____
34. name of element
35. symbol
36. atomic number
Short Answer
37. A ball is thrown from position (1) to a height of 5 meters above at position (2), giving the ball potential
energy. The ball then falls to position (3). Assuming there is no loss of energy due to friction:
A. Name the height at which the kinetic energy of the ball would be exactly the same its potential energy?
B. Compare the potential energy at (3) to the kinetic energy at (2).
C. Compare the kinetic energy at (1) to the potential energy at (2).
38. While sitting next to a campfire, Anya noticed several different forms of energy being transformed from the
potential chemical energy of the wood. Name two of the forms of energy she noticed.
39. Explain how a potentiometer is different from a fixed resistor.
40. List the following waves in order of their speeds from fastest to slowest and give their approximate speed.
a. sound waves
b. light waves
c. water waves
41. How many waves are represented in this diagram?
42. Indicate the color the apple appears for each of the following lights:
a. A pure red apple illuminated by white light.
b. A pure red apple illuminated by red light.
c. A pure red apple illuminated by blue light.
43. Classify each of the following materials as being mostly transparent, translucent, absorbing, or reflecting.
1) a black t-shirt
2) tissue paper
3) a shiny stainless steel spoon
4) clear plastic wrap
5) wax paper
6) black velvet curtains
44. Examine the ray diagram of the lens. Identify each part of the diagram, A-D.
45. For the nucleus shown below, do the following:
A. Name the element.
B. Give the mass number.
C. Give the number of electrons.
46.
How many energy levels would be completely filled by an atom of neon (Ne)? How many electrons would
be left over?
47. When the wavelength and frequency for each of the colors (listed in the table below) is multiplied, each
product yields approximately the same answer. What is the significance of this “coincidence”? In what units
does the answer appear?
Color
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Wavelength (nanometers)
650
600
580
530
470
400
Frequency (Thz)
462
500
517
566
638
750
Problem
48. An automobile uses 75,000 joules of chemical energy from gasoline to produce 10,000 joules of useful
output energy. How much energy is lost to the system, and where did that energy go?
49. Calculate the efficiency for a machine that requires 400 joules of input energy to produce 300 joules of
useful output work.
50. Which of the circuits pictured below is an open circuit?
51. What should the voltmeter read (approximately)?
52. A miniature light bulb with a resistance of 3 ohms is connected to a 6-volt source. How much current will
flow through the bulb?
53. If the current moving through the filament of a light bulb is 0.5 amps when the voltage across the bulb is
120 volts, what is the resistance of the bulb?
54. Typically, household appliances operate at 120 volts. What is the current flowing in the circuit of a
microwave when the resistance of the microwave oven is 30 ohms?
A simple circuit is pictured in Figure 13-1. A light bulb is connected to a 9-volt battery that causes 3 amps
of current through the bulb:
55. What is the resistance of the light bulb in the circuit shown in Figure 13-1?
56. If the light bulb in the circuit shown in Figure 13-1 is replaced with a light bulb having a resistance of 9
ohms, what would the new current in the circuit be?
57. If a second 9-volt battery is stacked with the battery shown in the circuit in Figure 13-1, what would the
new current in the circuit be?
58. This is a graph of the current that flows through a mini-bulb as the voltage is changed. Use the graph and
your knowledge of Ohm’s Law to determine the resistance of the bulb.
59. A 120-volt household circuit has a fuse that breaks the circuit if more than 10 amps of current passes
through it. What is the minimum amount of resistance in the circuit required to keep the fuse from blowing?
60. Middle C on a piano has a frequency of about 264 hertz. If the wavelength in air of this note is 1.31 meters,
what is the speed of sound in air?
61. A string 3.0 meters long is vibrating at 50 hertz at the 4th harmonic. Calculate the speed of the wave on the
string.
62. Using a protractor and straight edge, complete the ray diagram below by drawing the normal and the
reflected ray.
Essay
63. Describe a resistor and its function in a circuit.
64. Describe each of the following using at least one complete sentence.
a. reflection
b. refraction
c. diffraction
d. absorption
65. Describe how you hear the frequency of a fire truck siren change as the sound passes by you. What is this
effect called?
66. Why do musicians wear earplugs when playing in concerts?
67. Describe the differences between images formed by a converging lens and a diverging lens.
Other
The circuit pictured contains a light bulb connected to a voltage source that causes 2 amps of current
through the bulb.
Figure 13-2
68. Draw a circuit diagram to represent the circuit in Figure 13-2 using electrical symbols.
69. Identify the wave interaction represented by each diagram.
a.
b.
c.
70. Two pulses are traveling on a rope as shown in the diagram. The two pulses meet for an instant.
a. Name the type of interference that occurs at that instant.
b. Draw a diagram that would represent the rope at the instant the pulses meet.
Physics First II - Web Practice
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: F, open
PTS: 1
2. ANS: F, resistance
DIF:
basic
REF: section 13.1
PTS:
3. ANS:
REF:
4. ANS:
REF:
5. ANS:
DIF:
basic
REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
DIF:
basic
PTS:
DIF:
basic
DIF:
basic
DIF:
basic
1
T
section 13.3
T
section 20.1
F, reflection
PTS: 1
6. ANS: F
1
DIF:
basic
REF: section 20.2
DIF:
basic
REF: section 21.1
PTS: 1
pitch
PTS:
7. ANS:
REF:
8. ANS:
1
T
section 21.2
F, reflect
PTS: 1
9. ANS: F, reflected
DIF:
basic
REF: section 22.1
PTS: 1
10. ANS: F, black
DIF:
basic
REF: section 22.1
PTS: 1
11. ANS: F, mirror
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 22.3
PTS: 1
12. ANS: F, diverge
DIF:
basic
PTS: 1
13. ANS: F, atom
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 23.3
PTS: 1
14. ANS: T
DIF:
basic
REF: section 23.1
REF: section 7.1
PTS: 1
REF: section 24.1
COMPLETION
15. ANS:
potential
gravitational potential
PTS: 1
16. ANS:
DIF:
basic
REF: section 3.3
PTS: 1
DIF: basic
17. ANS: conservation of energy
REF: section 3.3
PTS: 1
18. ANS: kinetic
DIF:
basic
REF: section 3.3
PTS: 1
19. ANS: circuit
DIF:
basic
REF: section 3.3
PTS: 1
DIF:
20. ANS: circuit diagram
basic
REF: section 13.1
PTS: 1
21. ANS: switch
DIF:
basic
REF: section 13.1
PTS: 1
DIF:
22. ANS: circuit breaker
basic
REF: section 13.1
PTS: 1
DIF:
23. ANS: voltage, current
basic
REF: section 13.2
PTS: 1
24. ANS: wavelength
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
25. ANS:
DIF:
basic
REF: section 20.1
DIF:
basic
REF: section 21.1
mass, speed
mass, velocity
velocity, mass
speed, mass
decibel
dB
PTS: 1
26. ANS: red
PTS: 1
27. ANS:
DIF:
basic
REF: section 22.2
PTS: 1
28. ANS: ray diagram
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 22.3
PTS: 1
29. ANS: nucleus
DIF:
basic
REF: section 23.1
PTS: 1
30. ANS: charge
DIF:
basic
REF: section 9.1
PTS: 1
DIF:
31. ANS: atomic number
basic
REF: section 9.1
PTS: 1
32. ANS: mass number
DIF:
basic
REF: section 9.1
PTS: 1
33. ANS: valence
DIF:
basic
REF: section 9.1
1
DIF:
basic
REF: section 9.2
34. ANS: C
35. ANS: A
36. ANS: B
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
reflects, absorbs
reflects, subtracts
PTS:
MATCHING
basic
basic
basic
REF: section 9.2
REF: section 9.2
REF: section 9.2
SHORT ANSWER
37. ANS:
A. At a height of 2.5 meters above position (1) the kinetic energy will equal the potential energy.
B. They both will be zero at those two positions.
C. They both will be the same and at their maximums.
PTS: 1
38. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 3.3
Answers will vary. Correct answers include:
Thermal energy (or heat)
Radiant energy (or light)
Sound energy
PTS: 1
39. ANS:
DIF:
basic
REF: section 10.1
A potentiometer can be adjusted to give a range of resistance; a fixed resistor has a resistance that cannot be
changed.
PTS: 1
40. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.3
sound: 600 miles per hour, 1,000 km/hr, 300 m/sec
light: 186,000 miles/sec, 300,000 km/sec, 300,000,000 m/sec
water: a few miles per hour, a few kilometers per hour
PTS: 1
41. ANS:
DIF:
basic
REF: section 20.1
DIF:
basic
REF: section 20.1
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 22.3
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 23.1
4 1/2
PTS: 1
42. ANS:
a. red
b. red
c. black
PTS: 1
43. ANS:
1) absorbing
2) translucent
3) reflecting
4) transparent
5) translucent
6) absorbing
PTS: 1
44. ANS:
A. The focal length
B. The lens
C. The focal points of the lens
D. The optical axis of the lens
PTS: 1
45. ANS:
DIF:
basic
REF: section 23.3
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 9.2
A. carbon
B. 13
C. 6
PTS: 1
46. ANS:
The neon atom has two filled energy levels and no electrons left over.
PTS: 1
47. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 9.2
The product of wavelength times frequency is equal to the speed of a wave. The speed of light in a vacuum
is the same for all colors of light, 3  108 m/sec or 3  105 km/sec. It is given in units of kilometers per
second in this case.
PTS:
1
DIF:
advanced
REF: section 24.1
PROBLEM
48. ANS:
input power – output power = amount lost to the system
75,000 W – 10,000 W = 65,000 watts lost to the system
This energy is converted to waste heat, friction, idling, and accessories. The energy is transformed into
unusable forms of energy.
PTS: 1
49. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 10.2
PTS: 1
50. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 10.2
DIF:
basic
A
PTS: 1
51. ANS:
REF: section 13.1
voltage of cell #1 + voltage of cell #2 = voltage of meter
1.5 volts + 1.5 volts = 3.0 volts
PTS: 1
52. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.2
PTS: 1
53. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
54. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.3
resistance = voltage current (or) R = V I
current = voltage resistance = 6 volts 3 ohms = 2 amps
PTS: 1
55. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
56. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
57. ANS:
DIF:
advanced
REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
58. ANS:
DIF:
advanced
REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
59. ANS:
DIF:
advanced
REF: section 13.3
PTS: 1
60. ANS:
DIF:
advanced
REF: section 13.3
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 20.1
resistance = voltage  current (or) R = V I
resistance = (+4 volts - 0 volts) (+2 amps - 0 amps) = 2 ohms
346 m/sec
PTS: 1
61. ANS:
75 meters/second
Frequency is given as 50 hertz. In the 4th harmonic, there are two complete waves on the 3.0 meter string.
Wavelength is therefore 1.5 meters.
PTS: 1
62. ANS:
DIF:
advanced
REF: section 20.1
PTS:
1
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 23.1
ESSAY
63. ANS:
A resistor is an electrical component that is designed to have a specific resistance over a wide range of
currents. Resistors are used to control the amount of current in a circuit.
PTS: 1
64. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.3
a. Reflection occurs as a wave meets a boundary and bounces off (is turned back at) the boundary in a new
direction.
b. Refraction occurs as a wave moves through a boundary. The wave may change direction.
c. Diffraction occurs as a wave travels around an obstacle or through a small opening at a boundary. The
direction of the wave front is altered.
d. Absorption occurs as a medium takes up some of the energy of a wave upon entering the medium. As a
result, the amplitude of a wave continues to decrease as it passes farther into the new medium.
PTS: 1
65. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 20.2
As the fire truck approaches you, the frequency you hear increases. As the fire truck is right next to you,
you hear the same frequency as someone on the fire truck hears. As the fire truck moves away from you, the
frequency you hear decreases.
This is called the Doppler effect.
PTS: 1
66. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 21.1
The ear is sensitive to damage by loud noises. The chances that damage will occur increases with the length
of exposure. Since musicians are exposed to loud music for extended periods of time, they wear earplugs to
reduce the volume of the music and decrease the risk of damage.
PTS:
1
DIF:
basic
REF: section 21.3
67. ANS:
Diverging lenses always produce images that are smaller than the object and right-side-up. The image from
a diverging lens cannot be projected on a screen; it is virtual.
The images produced by a converging lens vary depending on the distance of the object from the lens.
When the object is beyond the focal length of the lens, the image is real and upside-down. The image
increases in size from smaller than the object to larger than the object as the object is moved closer to the
focal point. The image is the same size as the object when the object is at two times the focal length. When
the object is inside the focal length the image is magnified, virtual, and right-side-up. In theory, if the object
is at the focal point, no image is formed.
PTS:
1
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 23.3
PTS: 1
69. ANS:
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 13.1
DIF:
basic
DIF:
intermediate REF: section 20.3
OTHER
68. ANS:
a. refraction
b. reflection
c. diffraction
PTS: 1
70. ANS:
REF: section 20.2
a. constructive
b. (See diagram below)
PTS:
1