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Name: _________________________________________ Per: ______ Date: _____________
Tissues Webquest
Types of Tissues
There are four types of tissue that make up every single organ and organ system in your body. However,
there are many, many different subtypes of those tissues that you will learn about. The information below is
a list of all the tissues and subtypes, to help you organize your learning.
A. Epithelial tissue
a. Covering and lining epithelium
i. Simple epithelium
1. Simple squamous epithelium
2. Simple cuboidal epithelium
3. Simple columnar epithelium (nonciliated and ciliated)
4. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (nonciliated and ciliated)
ii. Stratified epithelium
1. Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized and nonkeratinized)
2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
3. Stratified columnar epithelium
4. Transitional epithelium
b. Glandular epithelium
i. Endocrine gland
1. (Examples include pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. We will not be learning
much about these glands during this unit and will learn about them during the
endocrine system unit).
ii. Exocrine glands
1. Structural classification:
a. Simple glands
i. Simple tubular
ii. Simple branched tubular
iii. Simple coiled tubular
iv. Simple acinar
v. Simple branched acinar
b. Compound glands
i. Compound tubular
ii. Compound acinar
iii. Compound tubuloacinar
2. Functional classification:
a. Merocrine glands
b. Apocrine glands
c. Holocrine glands
B. Connective tissue
a. Embryonic connective tissue
i. Mesenchyme
ii. Mucous connective tissue
b. Mature connective tissue
i. Loose connective tissue
1. Areolar connective tissue
2. Adipose tissue
3. Reticular connective tissue
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ii. Dense connective tissue
1. Dense regular connective tissue
2. Dense irregular connective tissue
3. Elastic connective tissue
iii. Cartilage
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
iv. Bone tissue
v. Liquid connective tissue
1. Blood tissue
2. Lymph
C. Muscular tissue
a. Skeletal muscle tissue
b. Cardiac muscle tissue
c. Smooth muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
a. Neurons
b. Neuroglia
Important note: as you can see, there are a lot of different subtypes of tissues in your body! You will not
need to learn and know everything about every subtype of tissue. You will be learning the different
categories, what makes them different, some locations in your body where these are found, among other
information but please don’t feel overwhelmed as we start this unit and you see all the different subtypes.
Epithelial tissue
1. Epithelial tissue is also called epithelium- you will see both words throughout this unit. The pleural
form is epithelia.
2. Definition/description of epithelium:
3. Describe the three major functions of epithelium:
1.
2.
3.
4. There are three different sides to each epithelial tissue cell, which differ in structure and have
specialized functions. Describe the three sides:
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a. Apical (free) surface:
b. Lateral surfaces:
c. Basal surface:
5. The __________________________ is a thin extracellular layer that commonly consists of two
layers: the basal lamina and reticular lamina. The basal lamina is closer to and is secreted by
epithelial cells. It contains proteins like laminin and collagen and attaches the epithelial cells to the
basement membrane. The reticular lamina is closer to the connective tissue that underlies or is deep
to the basal lamina and also contains various proteins such as collagen and functions as a point of
attachment and support for the epithelial tissue.
6. Draw and label a picture of an epithelial cell including each surface and the two parts of the basement
membrane.
7. Epithelial tissue is avascular- what does that mean? What process allows substances such as nutrients
and waste products to enter and exit epithelial tissue?
8. Epithelial cells are repeatedly subjected to physical stress and injury. Because of this, epithelium is
the type of cells in your body that reproduce and create new tissue the quickest of all types of tissue
cells.
9. The roles that epithelium plays in your body includes protection, filtration, secretion, absorption, and
excretion. In addition, when combined with nervous tissue they form special organs for smell,
hearing, vision, and touch.
10. Explain the difference between covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium:
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Covering and Lining Epithelium
11. Two things characterize covering and lining epithelia: the shape of the cells and the arrangement in
layers. Complete the following chart to describe these types of cells.
Arrangement of cells in layers
Name
Description
Functions
Draw a picture
Simple epithelium
Pseudostratified
epithelium
Stratified epithelium
Cell shapes
Squamous cells
Cuboidal cells
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Name
Description
Functions
Draw a picture
Columnar cells
Transitional cells
12. Combining the cell shapes and arrangements, there are 8 specific subtypes of epithelia, as listed in the
beginning of this webquest and below:
i. Simple epithelium
1. Simple squamous epithelium
2. Simple cuboidal epithelium
3. Simple columnar epithelium (nonciliated and ciliated)
4. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (nonciliated and ciliated)
ii. Stratified epithelium
1. Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized and nonkeratinized)
2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
3. Stratified columnar epithelium
4. Transitional epithelium
13. Each subtype of covering and lining epithelia is found in specific locations in the body and has
specific functions. Fill in the chart below to briefly summarize this information.
Name
Simple squamous
epithelium
Description
Locations
Functions
Filtration, diffusion,
osmosis, and secretion in
serous membrane
Single layer of flat cells
Simple cuboidal
epithelium
Covers surface of ovary,
lens of the eye,
pigmented portion of the
eye, kidney tubules,
pancreas
Simple columnar
epithelium
Nonciliated: lines the GI
tract, gallbladder.
Ciliated: lines smallest
tubes of respiratory tract,
fallopian tubes
Nonciliated: secretion
and absorption. Ciliated:
moves mucus and other
substances by ciliary
action
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Names
Description
Pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
Locations
Not truly stratified, the nuclei
are at different levels which
gives the appearance of
stratification but all cells are
attached to the basement
membrane though not all
reach the apical (top) surface
Stratified squamous
epithelium
Protection
Ducts of sweat glands
and esophageal glands
and part of male urethra
(where urine comes out)
Stratified cuboidal
epithelium
Stratified columnar
epithelium
Functions
Several layers of
irregularly shaped cells,
only the apical layer has
columnar cells
Transitional epithelium
Protection and secretion
Lines urinary bladder
and portions of ureters
and urethra (tubes in
urinary system)
Permits distension
(expansion)
Glandular Epithelium
14. The function of glandular epithelium is ____________________, which is accomplished by grouping
individual glandular epithelium cells into clusters deep to the covering and lining epithelium. These
clusters are called ____________- they consist of a single cell or group of cells that secrete
substances into ducts (tubes), onto a surface, or into the blood.
15. There are two categories of glands. Describe each type below and list some examples.
-
Endocrine glands:
-
Exocrine glands:
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16. We will focus on exocrine glands in this section and will learn more about endocrine glands in a later
unit. Exocrine glands are classified as either unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular.
A. An example of a unicellular gland is a goblet cell that works by __________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
B. Multicellular glands are composed of many cells that form a distinctive, microscopic structure or
macroscopic (larger) organs. Examples include ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
C. Multicellular glands are categorized in two different ways: structural classification and functional
classification. The structural classification system puts exocrine glands into different groups
according to two characteristics: whether their ducts are branched or unbranched and the shape of
the secretory portions of the gland. Explain these types:
o Simple gland:
o Compound gland:
o Tubular gland:
o Acinar gland:
o Tubuloacinar gland:
D. Combinations of the two characteristics give a total of 8 types of multicellular exocrine glands
based on structure:
a. Simple glands
i. Simple tubular
ii. Simple branched tubular
iii. Simple coiled tubular
iv. Simple acinar
v. Simple branched acinar
b. Compound glands
i. Compound tubular
ii. Compound acinar
iii. Compound tubuloacinar
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E. The functional classification system of exocrine glands is based on how their secretions are
released. Complete the following chart to describe these glands.
Name
Description
Locations in body
Merocrine glands
Apocrine glands
Holocrine glands
Connective Tissue
17. Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body and has many
functions such as:
18. There are two basic elements in each type of connective tissue: extracellular matrix and unique cells.
Components of extracellular matrix include ground substance and protein fibers. Types of cells found
within connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, white blood cells, macrophages,
and plasma cells.
19. Organizational list of connective tissue components:
A. Connective tissue
a. Extracellular matrix (ECM)
i. Ground substance
ii. Protein fibers
1. Collagen fibers
2. Elastic fibers
3. Reticular fibers
b. Various cells
i. Fibroblasts
ii. Adipocytes
iii. Mast cells
iv. White blood cells
v. Macrophages
vi. Plasma cells
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20. Extracellular matrix (ECM).
A. Definition of extracellular matrix:
B. As listed above, there are two components to ECM: ground substance and fibers.
a. Describe ground substance:
b. There are three main types of protein fibers in ECM: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and
reticular fibers. Describe each of them below:
- Collagen fibers:
- Elastic fibers:
- Reticular fibers:
21. Match the name of the cells found
in connective tissue to their
description.
____ 1. Fibroblasts
____ 2. Adipocytes
____ 3. Mast cells
____ 4. White blood cells
____ 5. Macrophages
____ 6. Plasma cells
A. Develop from types of white blood cells called monocytes, they
have an irregular shape with short branching projections and can
engulf and eat/kill bacteria and cellular debris. Some are fixed
within the connective tissue and others wonder throughout the
tissue.
B. Cells that produce histamine, a chemical that dilates small blood
vessels as part of the inflammatory response from injury or
infection. They are found next to blood vessels within connective
tissue and can also kill bacteria.
C. Also called fat cells or adipose cells, they store triglycerides (fats).
They are found deep to the skin and around organs such as the
heart and kidneys.
D. Cells that are not usually found in large numbers in connective
tissue but migrate there from the blood stream to perform certain
functions such as fixing infections or responding to allergies.
E. Small cells that develop from white blood cells called B
lymphocytes, they secrete antibodies that attack and kill foreign
substances and are part of your immune response.
F. Large, flat cells with branching processes and are the most
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numerous. They migrate through the connective tissue and secrete
the fibers and other components of the ECM.
22. Classification of connective tissue: there are variations in how scientists classify connective tissue.
We will follow our textbook’s classification scheme, which is:
- Connective tissue
a. Embryonic connective tissue
i. Mesenchyme
ii. Mucous connective tissue
b. Mature connective tissue
i. Loose connective tissue
1. Areolar connective tissue
2. Adipose tissue
3. Reticular connective tissue
ii. Dense connective tissue
1. Dense regular connective tissue
2. Dense irregular connective tissue
3. Elastic connective tissue
iii. Cartilage
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
iv. Bone tissue
v. Liquid connective tissue
1. Blood tissue
2. Lymph
23. Embryonic connective tissue is only found in embryos and fetuses prior to birth. Mesenchyme
develops into the other types of mature connective tissue and mucous connective tissue is mainly
found in the umbilical cord.
24. Briefly describe each type of mature connective tissue in the following chart.
Name
Description
Locations in body
Functions
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar connective tissue
Consists of all 3 types of
fibers and most types of
c.t. cells in a semifluid
ground substance.
Skin, mucous
membranes, around
blood vessels, nerves,
and body organs.
Reduces heat loss
through skin, energy
source, support,
protection.
Adipose tissue
A network of intertwined
reticular fibers and
reticular cells.
Reticular connective
tissue
Strength, elasticity, and
support.
Framework of liver,
spleen, lymph nodes, red
bone marrow; basement
membrane, and around
blood vessels and
muscles.
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Name
Description
Locations in body
Functions
Dense Connective Tissue
Forms tendons and
ligaments.
Dense regular connective
tissue
Dense irregular
connective tissue
Made mostly of collagen
fibers randomly arranged
and a few fibroblasts.
Lung tissue, walls of
some arteries, trachea,
vocal cords.
Allows stretching of
various organs.
Elastic connective tissue
Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Made of ground substance
with thin, fine collagen
fibers and chondrocytes
(cells of mature cartilage);
most abundant type of
cartilage.
Cushion where hip bones
join together, discs
between vertebrae, knee,
parts of tendons.
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Chondrocytes in a
thread-like network of
elastic fibers within the
ECM.
Support and fusion.
Epiglottis (lid on top of
voice box), part of
external ear and ear
canals.
Bone Tissue
Bone tissue
Two types: compact
bone that is very
organized and has very
few spaces and spongy
bone that is less
organized and has
multiple open spaces.
All of the bones in the
body.
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Name
Description
Locations in body
Functions
Liquid Connective Tissue
Transports oxygen and
carbon dioxide, involved
in allergic reactions and
immune response,
clotting of blood
Blood tissue
Extracellular fluid that
flows in lymphatic
vessels; composed of
clear liquid ECM and
many types of cells.
Lymph
Lymphatic vessels,
lymph nodes.
Drains extra interstitial
fluid, transports lipids
and proteins, carries out
immune responses.
Muscular Tissue
Note: we will only be learning a few brief things about muscular tissue right now and will learn many more
details in our unit on the muscular system.
25. Muscular tissue consists of elongated cells called ______________________ or _________________
that use ATP to generate force.
26. Functions:
27. There are three types of muscular tissue, based on their location in the body and their characteristics.
Choose the correct descriptions that match each type of muscular tissue. Some descriptions will be
used more than once.
_______________ Skeletal muscle tissue
_______________ Cardiac muscle tissue
_______________ Smooth muscle tissue
A. Has striations (alternating light and dark regions)
F. Found in the heart
B. Attached to bones of the skeleton
G. Has no striations
C. Voluntary
H. Branched
D. Involuntary
I. Has a thick middle portion and tapered ends
E. Found in the walls of hollow organs such as
blood vessels, airways to the lungs, intestines,
and bladder.
J. Cylindrical in shape
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Nervous Tissue
Note: we will only be learning a few brief things about nervous tissue right now and will learn many more
details in our unit on the nervous system.
28. There are only two main types of nervous tissue cells: neurons and neuroglia. There are many
differences found in types of neurons and there are many subtypes of neuroglia.
29. Functions of neurons:
30. Functions of neuroglia:
31. What does it mean that neurons and muscle fibers have electrical excitability and are called excitable
cells?
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