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Topics for AP Environmental Science Weeks 1.5 weeks 2.0 weeks 2.5 weeks 1.5 weeks 1.5 weeks Unit 1 2 3 4 5 Topic(s) Introduction to Environmental Science The Three Themes of Environmental Science Tragedy of the Commons Elwha Ecosystem Restoration Project Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Value of Nature International Challenge Overcome: The Ozone Layer World Biomes and Ecosystem Processes World Weather and Climate Patterns Biogeochemical Cycles Hubbard Forest Brook Experiment Importance of Microclimates and Soil Types Importance of Aspect and Elevation World Biomes and Ecosystems Ecosystems of North America Ecosystems of the Desert Southwest Primary and Secondary Succession Ecosystem Structure and Biodiversity Forest Management and Fire Ecology Forest Management Practices Habitat Fragmentation and the Edge Effect Fire Adapted Ecosystems Fire Suppression and Fuel Loads Catastrophic Fires and Urban/Wildland Interface Current Techniques in Fire Regime Management Four Forests Restoration Initiative (4FRI - Arizona) Ecological Processes Characteristics of Populations and Communities Food Chains/Webs Trophic Levels and Energy Movement Nutrient Cycling and Eutrophication Biomanipulation – Lake Vesijarvi, Finland Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification Plastics and Endocrine Disruptors Great Pacific Garbage Vortex Bioremediation – Mining/Industrial Site Reclamation Community Ecology Fundamental and Realized Niches Competitive Exclusion and Resource Partitioning Competition and Symbiosis Species Richness and Biodiversity Mycorrhizal relationships Generalist and Specialist Species Indicator and Keystone Species Island Biogeography Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation Labs and Activities Activity: Tragedy of the Commons Movie: HOME Lab: Soil Quality Lab: Plant Adaptations Field Trip: Walnut Canyon National Monument Project: Developing a Comprehensive Forest Management Plan Lab: Pond Ecology Movie: Plastic Paradise Project: Community/ Keystone Species Poster Demo: Island Biogeography Topics for AP Environmental Science 2.0 weeks 6 1.5 weeks 7 3.0 weeks 8 1.5 weeks 18 weeks 9 Changing Landscape Use Patterns Historic and Modern Land Use Patterns Homestead Act of 1862 and Railroad Grants External Threats to Protected Areas Habitat Corridors and Connectivity Impacts of Invasive Species – Hairy-necked tiger beetle Predator Control and Removal History of Species Extinction and Extirpation Land Speculation/Tusayan and Development Early History of Environmental Protection Early History of the Environmental Movement First National Parks: Yellowstone and Yosemite Key Players of the Early Environmental Movement: John Muir, Thoreau, George Bird Grinnell, John Lacey, Teddy Roosevelt, Stephen Mather, Gifford Pinchot The Antiquities Act of 1906, National Forests, and National Park System. Major Environmental Laws of the Early Period Demography and Population Growth Exponential and Logistic Growth r- and k- Strategies Carrying Capacity Predator-Prey Population Dependency Cycles Fertility (TFR) and Changing Death Rates Demographic Histograms Impacts of Rapid Population Growth on Societies Pop. Transition and Zero Population Growth Urbanization and Human Migration Ecological Services and Human Health Urban Heat Island Effect Air Pollution and Inversion Layers Noise Pollution and Human Stress Ecological Services and Externalities Economic Value of Biodiversity Transmissible Diseases and Vaccinations Pandemics (1918 Influenza Epidemic, Bird Flu, H1N1, SARS, Cholera, Ebola, etc.) Malaria Control Strategies End of First Semester Activity: Increasing connectivity and decreasing edge habitats Case Study: Wolves in Italy Movie: Ken Burns' National Parks Series Lab: Predator-Prey Relationships Activity: Analyzing demographic histograms Activity: Disease Transmission Lab Topics for AP Environmental Science Beginning of Second Semester Weeks Unit Topic(s) Feeding the World Labs and Activities Omnivore’s Dilemma must be read by January 5th 2.5 weeks 1.5 weeks 2.0 weeks 10 11 12 2.0 weeks 13 1.0 weeks 14 Impacts of Industrial Agriculture Irrigation and Soil Salinization Soil Nutrient Deficiency and Synthetic fertilizers Harvesting and Storage Techniques Genetic Engineering and GMOs Industrial Meat Production (CAFOs) Organic and Sustainable Farming Integrated Pest Management Overfishing and Sustainable Fishing Strategies Aquaculture and Fish Farming Water Sources and Management Surface Water (Snowpack, Glaciers, and Rivers) Groundwater (Aquifers - confined and unconfined) Dams, Reservoirs, and Canals Water Distribution in the Desert Southwest Cone of Depression and Rates of Recharge Water Treatment and Desalinization Salt Water Intrusion Waste Water Management (use of reclaimed water) Energy Resources, Consumption, and Pollution Sources of Air and Water Pollution Point Source and Non-point Source Pollution History and Sources of Air Pollution History and Sources of Water Pollution Silent Spring, Pesticides, and DDT Case studies in Environmental Disasters (Love Canal, PCBs, Minimata, Bhopal, etc) The Modern Environmental Laws Cuyahoga River Fire of 1969 Santa Barbara Oil Spill of 1969 The Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act Creation of the EPA Other Major Laws (NEPA, Superfund Act, etc) Ocean Dumping Act of 1974 Solid Waste Disposal and Reduce/Reuse/Recycle Municipal Solid Waste Hazardous Materials Management Incineration, Landfills, Detoxifying Strategies Strategies to Reduce Consumption Recycling Strategies Movie: Food, Inc. Lab: Soil Salinity Lab Activity: Understanding Aquifers Case Study: Aral Sea Case Study: Colorado River Compact Lab: Determining LD50 Lab: Water Pollution Lab Activity: Major Environmental Laws of the 20th Century Activity: Evaluating Ocean Trash Case Study on Waste: Naples, Italy Movie: Garbage Dreams Topics for AP Environmental Science 2.0 weeks 15 2.0 weeks 16 2.0 weeks 17 1.0 week 16 weeks 2.0 weeks 18 19 Energy Extraction and Mining Practices Mining (needs and problems) Balancing Economics and Culture (Resolution Copper) Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas Extraction Methods Hydraulic Fracturing and Tar Sands Pipelines and Oil Trains 2005 Energy Policy Act Offshore Drilling and Subsidence in Louisiana Major Oil Spill Disasters (BP Deepwater Horizon, Exxon Valdez, Santa Barbara, Ixtoc, Kuwait Oil Fires) Energy Production and Consumption Fossil Fuel Sources of Electricity (coal, NG, and oil) Non-fossil Fuel Sources of Electricity Production (nuclear, hydroelectric, geothermal) Alternative and Emerging Sources of Electricity (wind, solar, tidal, OTEC, etc) Solar Revolution (leased solar, utilities revolt, passive solar) Fuels for Transportation (diesel, petrol, NG, electric) Global Change and Future Challenges Global Climate Change The Greenhouse Effect Measurable Changes in CO2, CH4, and Temperature Impacts of Sea Ice Reduction Sea Level Changes and Ocean Currents Changes in Drought/Flood Cycles Desertification and Global Conflict Threats to Food Production Threats to Biodiversity Ocean Acidification Carbon Sequestration Options Energy Efficiency and Sustainability In Your Home (lighting, vampire, insulation, etc) Industrial Efficiencies Transportation (fuel efficiency of ships, trains, trucks, buses, personal autos) Emerging Transportation Options (hybrids, all-electric autos, CAFE standards, etc.) Building Smart Cities and Urban Renewal Happiness Scales and Life Satisfaction Indexes AP Environmental Science Exam End of Year Service Project End of Second Semester Movie: Burning the Future Activity: Oil Spill Remediation Movie: Gasland Activity: Personal Footprint and Wealth Gap Activity: Personal and School Energy Audit Movie: Chasing Ice Project: Building a Sustainable Home May 2nd Service Project: 15% of final grade Topics for AP Environmental Science Major Case Studies To Know by the AP Exam: Case Study Topic Tragedy of the Commons We are all in it together Minimata, Japan Biomagnification of Mercury Siuslaw Hairy-necked tiger beetle Invasive species impacts Lake Vesijarvi, Finland Biomanipulation Hubbard Brook Forest Experiment Effects of Development on Nutrient Cycling Cuyahoga River Fire River in Cleveland caught fire Love Canal, NY Building on Toxic Sites Santa Barbara Oil Spill First major oil spill in U.S. BP Oil Spill Largest oil spill in U.S. history Montreal Protocol Banned CFC’s worldwide to protect ozone layer Banned Persistent Organic Pollutants worldwide Worth chemical accident in history Stockholm Convention Bhopal, India Earth Day Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone Wolves in Italy and the U.S. Haiti and Egypt Millions gathered to protest state of the environment Eutrophication Different management policies have different results Societies unravel under demographic pressure Aral Sea 5th largest lake dried up Grand Banks of Newfoundland World’s greatest fishery collapses Hurricane Katrina Major hurricane destroys New Orleans Fukishima and Chernobyl Everglades Nuclear disasters Greatly altered hydrologic processes Elwha River Removing outdated dams to restore salmon Most important aquifer in the world for agriculture Ogallala Aquifer Colorado River Compact More water allocated than exists in river Keystone Pipeline Tar Sands Risks of major oil pipeline in sensitive areas Dirtiest form of energy in the world Mountaintop Removal Destruction of Appalachian mountains for coal Lesson Learned Without regulation of a shared resource, we all suffer Dumping of even small amounts of toxic substances have had dramatic impacts as it moves up the food chain Invasive species can complicate native species conservation Removing or adding one trophic level can completely alter an ecosystem Without vegetation to take up and store nutrients, it can all wash out of the soils Woke America up to the state of our polluted waterways The effects of dumping toxic waste can be devastating even decades later Grabbed America’s attention about the risks of offshore drilling Reminded America about the risks of offshore drilling and the lack of progress on cleanup technology First major worldwide environmental problem solved Worldwide problem solved through negotiations Dangers of out-sourcing our environmental regulations That people can push policies and change the laws The effects of small amounts of pollution can add up to a big problems hundreds of miles away Predators and livestock can co-exist when managed properly When there are too many children in a society, the weight of that burden can cause economic collapse and politican chaos Poor water management can dry up even major waterways Even seemingly limitless supplies can be overused The effects that subsidence, rising sea levels, and warming waters will have on coastal regions The risks of nuclear power We can lose our national treasures without careful management That mistakes of the past can be fixed and ecosystems restored We depend economically and nutritionally on water and any risks to that could be devastating Be careful to understand the system before you start claiming the resource Will history repeat itself? How desparate are we for oil and can we wean ourselves of the addiction? Is the destruction of the most biodiverse temperate ecosystem on Earth worth cheap energy?