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Ethology: The study of animal behavior with emphasis on the behavioral patterns that occur in natural environments Ethology: The study of animal behavior with emphasis on the behavioral patterns that occur in natural environments Ethology: The study of animal behavior with emphasis on the behavioral patterns that occur in natural environments Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture Instinctual Behavior: •Largely genetic •Triggered by specific stimuli •Produces specific behaviors •Does not involve learning Instinctual Behavior: •Largely genetic •Triggered by specific stimuli •Produces specific behaviors •Does not involve learning Instinctual Behavior: •Largely genetic •Triggered by specific stimuli •Produces specific behaviors •Does not involve learning Instinctual Behavior: •Largely genetic •Triggered by specific stimuli •Produces specific behaviors •Does not involve learning Instinctual Behavior: •Largely genetic •Triggered by specific stimuli •Produces specific behaviors •Does not involve learning Sign Stimulus Innate releasing mechanism IRM Fixed Action Pattern FAP Sign Stimulus Innate releasing mechanism IRM Fixed Action Pattern FAP Sign Stimulus Innate releasing mechanism IRM Fixed Action Pattern FAP Sign Stimulus Innate releasing mechanism IRM Fixed Action Pattern FAP Learning: the process of developing a behavioral response based on experience Learning: the process of developing a behavioral response based on experience Conditioning (Associative learning): •learned behavioral response to a novel or substituted stimulus •Uses reward as a basis for learning Conditioning (Associative learning): •learned behavioral response to a novel or substituted stimulus •Uses reward as a basis for learning Conditioning (Associative learning): •learned behavioral response to a novel or substituted stimulus •Uses reward as a basis for learning Conditioning (Associative learning): •Classical (Passive) Conditioning •Operant (Active) Conditioning Conditioning (Associative learning): •Classical (Passive) Conditioning •Operant (Active) Conditioning Classical Conditioning •A stimulus is substituted for one that is already associated with a behavior •Animal learns to associate the new stimulus with the reward •Is passive •The reward follows the stimulus •Pavlov’s dogs Classical Conditioning •A stimulus is substituted for one that is already associated with a behavior •Animal learns to associate the new stimulus with the reward •Is passive •The reward follows the stimulus •Pavlov’s dogs Classical Conditioning •A stimulus is substituted for one that is already associated with a behavior •Animal learns to associate the new stimulus with the reward •Is passive •The reward follows the stimulus •Pavlov’s dogs Classical Conditioning •A stimulus is substituted for one that is already associated with a behavior •Animal learns to associate the new stimulus with the reward •Is passive •The reward follows the stimulus •Pavlov’s dogs Classical Conditioning •A stimulus is substituted for one that is already associated with a behavior •Animal learns to associate the new stimulus with the reward •Is passive •The reward follows the stimulus •Pavlov’s dogs Classical Conditioning •A stimulus is substituted for one that is already associated with a behavior •Animal learns to associate the new stimulus with the reward •Is passive •The reward follows the stimulus •Pavlov’s dogs Generalized vs Discriminating Conditioning (Associative learning): •Classical (Passive) Conditioning •Operant (Active) Conditioning Operant Conditioning •The animal must perform an act (behavior) in response to a stimulus to get the reward •The reward follows the behavior, not the stimulus •It is an active process; the animal must do something specific to get the reward Operant Conditioning •The animal must perform an act (behavior) in response to a stimulus to get the reward •The reward follows the behavior, not the stimulus •It is an active process; the animal must do something specific to get the reward Operant Conditioning •The animal must perform an act (behavior) in response to a stimulus to get the reward •The reward follows the behavior, not the stimulus •It is an active process; the animal must do something specific to get the reward Operant Conditioning •The animal must perform an act (behavior) in response to a stimulus to get the reward •The reward follows the behavior, not the stimulus •It is an active process; the animal must do something specific to get the reward Types of Learning •Conditioning •Habituation •Latent •Imprinting •Insight Types of Learning •Conditioning •Habituation •Latent •Imprinting •Insight Types of Learning •Conditioning •Habituation •Latent •Imprinting •Insight Types of Learning •Conditioning •Habituation •Latent •Imprinting •Insight Types of Learning •Conditioning •Habituation •Latent •Imprinting •Insight Types of Learning •Conditioning •Habituation •Latent •Imprinting •Insight Information STM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM LTM Information STM Consolidation LTM Engram Information STM Consolidation LTM Engram Information STM LTM “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory •Foraging •Specialists •Generalists •Foraging •Specialists •Generalists •Foraging •Specialists •Generalists “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory •Communication •Emotional state •Sexual State •Identity •Etc. •Communication •Emotional state •Sexual State •Identity •Etc. •Communication •Emotional state •Sexual State •Identity •Etc. •Communication •Emotional state •Sexual State •Identity •Etc. •Communication •Emotional state •Sexual State •Identity •Etc. •Communication •Visually •Coloration •Posture •Movement •Expressions •Communication •Visually •Coloration •Posture •Movement •Expressions •Communication •Visually •Coloration •Posture •Movement •Expressions •Communication •Visually •Coloration •Posture •Movement •Expressions •Communication •Visually •Coloration •Posture •Movement •Expressions •Communication •Visually •Coloration •Posture •Movement •Expressions •Communication •Visually •Sound •Communication •Visually •Sound •Communication •Visually •Sound •Chemicals •Communication •Visually •Sound •Chemicals--Pheromones •Communication •Visually •Sound •Chemicals •Smell •Communication •Visually •Sound •Chemicals •Smell “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown •Aggression •Intraspecific •Territorial •Mating rights •Forage •Interspecific •Predation •Territorial •Forage •Unknown “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory •Hibernation •Dormancy •Estivation/Aestivation •Hibernation •Dormancy •Estivation/Aestivation •Hibernation •Dormancy •Estivation/Aestivation •Hibernation •Dormancy •Estivation/Aestivation “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory •Nocturnal •Diurnal •Crepuscular •Nocturnal •Diurnal •Crepuscular •Nocturnal •Diurnal •Crepuscular •Nocturnal •Diurnal •Crepuscular “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory Social behaviors •Cooperative behaviors •Intraspecific •Interspecific •Altruistic behaviors •Selfish behaviors Social behaviors •Cooperative behaviors •Intraspecific •Interspecific •Altruistic behaviors •Selfish behaviors Social behaviors •Cooperative behaviors •Intraspecific •Interspecific •Altruistic behaviors •Selfish behaviors Social behaviors •Cooperative behaviors •Intraspecific •Interspecific •Altruistic behaviors •Selfish behaviors Social behaviors •Cooperative behaviors •Intraspecific •Interspecific •Altruistic behaviors •Selfish behaviors Social behaviors •Cooperative behaviors •Intraspecific •Interspecific •Altruistic behaviors •Selfish behaviors “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory “Universal” Behaviors: •Foraging •Communication •Aggression •Territorial •Hibernation/Dormancy •Circadian Rhythms •Social •Migratory •Emotion •Self perception •Culture •Emotion •Self perception •Culture •Emotion •Self perception •Culture •Emotion •Self perception •Culture
