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Overview of American Music Timeline 1640 The Bay Psalm Book, Cambridge, Massachusetts, first book printed in British Colonial America, entire Book of Psalms translated into English meter; indicates dominance of religious music 1700 Black slaves include songs based on Old Testament stories in their worship services; beginnings of Negro Spirituals 1775-1776 1775 - British soldiers sing "Yankee Doodle" to mock colonists; Americans adopt it as their own tune . 1776 - "Johnny's Gone for a Soldier," adaptation of Irish folk tune, popular during American Revolutionary War . 1814-1815 Francis Scott Key writes the poem "Defense of Fort McHenry” after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by Royal Navy ships in Chesapeake Bay The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, written by John Stafford Smith. “The Star Spangled Banner” was then published in 1815. It was made the national anthem in 1931 1851 Stephen Foster writes “Old Folks at Home” 1861 Based on the hymn “John Brown’s Body,” William Steffe composes “Battle Hymn of the Republic” using text by Julia Ward Howe 1897 John Phillip Sousa composes “Stars and Stripes Forever” Composers Scott Joplin, James Scott, and Joseph Lamb establish, popularize ragtime, give birth to America's popular music industry, ending reliance on Europe 1900 "Country" music of southeastern U.S. features guitar, fiddle banjo, harmonica - direct descendant of English, Scottish, Irish ballads, folk songs "Western" musical genre spreads through western states, features steel guitars and large bands; singing cowboys Based on Mississippi River boat music and black, French, Spanish piano music, early forms of jazz develop in New Orleans brothels, honky-tonk bars 1904 George M. Cohan's musical play, Little Johnny Jones, followed by Forty-five Minutes from Broadway, 1906, help create indigenous American musical theater 1911 Popular songwriter Irving Berlin completes "Alexander's Ragtime Band," his first hit; culmination of ragtime craze 1912 Composer, band leader, "father of the blues," William Christopher Handy publishes Memphis Blues, helps inaugurate new style based on rural black folk music 1916 President Woodrow Wilson issues executive order making "The Star-Spangled Banner" the national anthem. Congress confirms it, 1931 Charles Albert Tindley, first black gospel composer to be published, releases New Songs of Paradise, collection of 37 gospel works 1920 West 28th St. in New York City becomes center of the popular music industry, through 1950s, known as "Tin Pan Alley.” Singers Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith popularize blues; Beale Street in Memphis becomes blues center Early 1920s Chicago becomes jazz capital. Trumpeter Louis Armstrong and pianist Jelly Roll Morton begin to perform 1922 Jazz musician Duke Ellington moves to New York, forms band that ultimately becomes Duke Ellington Orchestra Country fiddlers Henry Gilliand and Eck Robertson make records, as music companies search for "old-time music" 1924 George Gershwin composes Rhapsody in blue The Julliard School opens in New York 1925 Grand Ole Opry, Nashville, Tennessee, begins Saturday night radio broadcasts featuring regional music, helps fuse Southeastern and Western styles, creating the country western genre 1927 Show Boat, music by Jerome Kern, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein, based on Edna Ferber's novel, becomes first hugely popular musical comedy Duke Ellington’s 1932 song "It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing" ushers in swing era 1932 Blues pianist Thomas A. Dorsey, "father of gospel music," writes song "Take My Hand Precious Lord" 1935 Clarinetist Benny Goodman named "King of Swing" Tommy Dorsey, Harry James, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw lead popular jazz orchestras 1936 Aaron Copland uses jazz and folk music to create American-sounding music for ballet, film, and symphony orchestra Electric guitar debuts