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U.S. History STAAR Important People Study online at quizlet.com/_o88d3 1. Abigail Adams: wife of John Adams, mother to John Quincy Adams. Advised her husband on a number of political issues. Her letters to John Adams became a source of information about the American Revolution and early American history 2. 19. First president of the US. 20. Alexander Hamilton: author of some of The Federalist Papers, Founder of the Federalist Party, & Secretary of Treasury under GW 4. 5. 21. 22. 23. Anne Hutchison: removed from Massachusetts for saying God Baron Charles de Montesquieu: French nobleman famous for his ideas on government and law. He wrote The Spirit of the Laws proposing 3 separate branches of government so no one person or groups of people in government would have too much power. He inspired James Madison to defend the separation of powers and checks and balances principles in the Federalist Papers. 7. Baron von Stuben: German who helped train the Patriots at 24. 9. Bernardo de Galvez: Spaniard who sided with the Americans during the Revolutionary War. Provided weapons, gunpowder, clothing, and other supplies to help the colonial army. Galveston, Texas is named in his honor. 10. 25. 11. 26. 12. Daniel Webster: Senator from New York. Known for his strong 13. Eli Whitney: inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable 27. James Monroe: 5th President of the US issued the Monroe 28. James Oglethorpe: founded Georgia as a place for debtors. 29. Jefferson davis: President of the Confederate States of America 30. John Adams: Member of the Continental Congress, was on the Doctrine which became important to US foreign policy. committee to write the Declaration of Independence, served as GW's Vice President, 2nd President of US served during the XYZ affair, passed Alien and Sedition Acts, nominated John Marshall 31. 32. 33. Francis Scott key: author the Star Spangled Banner 16. Frederick Douglass: Leading African American abolitionist. He was a former slave who became a famous speaker and writer. He published a newspaper called "The North Star" 17. General Cornwallis: British general, surrendered to GW at the 18. George Mason: outspoken Anti-Federalist from Virginia. Battle of Yorktown John Locke: English philosopher who believed in the protection of individual rights including life, liberty and property. He believed that if government does not protect the people's rights, then they have a right to revolt. His work inspired and influenced Thomas Jefferson. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: leader of women's rights movement. 15. john James Audubon: member of the Hudson River School known as a naturalist specializing in painting the birds of America parts She and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention. She authored the Declaration of Sentiments. John C. Calhoun: Vice President under Andrew Jackson from S. Carolina. He was a strong supporter of state's rights. His beliefs led to the Nullification Crisis in 1828. desire to preserve the Union. 14. james Madison: "Father of the Constitution," helped write the Federalist Papers, and 4th president of the US. The War of 1812 is often referred to as "Mr. Madison's War" Crispus Attucks: former slave killed during the Boston Massacre James Arimstead: African American who served in the Revolutionary War for GW, enlisted as a patriotic spy pretending to be a runaway salve to gain British war secrets Cerokee Indians: Indian tribe who hoped that adopting white culture would prevent conflicts. Cherokees refused to move west when gold was discovered on their land, but were forced to move even after the Supreme Court ruled in Worcester vs. Georgia that they could keep their land resulting in the Trail of Tears. Hudson River School artists: a group of artists that primarily painted landscapes that showed the history and beauty of America. their name came from the subject of many of their paintings - the Hudson River Valley Benjamin Franklin: Proposed the Albany Plan of Union which would have united the colonies under one government. he helped secure French aid during the American Revolution. Hiram Rhodes Revels: Methodist minister who served as a chaplain in the Union army, became the first African American elected the US Senate Valley Forge 8. Henry David Thoreau: Transcendentalist who protested the Mexican-American War by not paying his taxes. He explained his reasoning in Civil Disobedience. spoke directly to her 6. Henry Clay: "Great Compromiser" - He authorized the Missouri Compromise before the Civil War Andrew Jackson: 7th President of the US; started the present day Democratic Party. Portrayed as a "common man". his Indian Removal Act led to the Trail of Tears. Haym Salomon: Jewish immigrant who played an important financial role during the American Revolution. He was a patriot and member of the Sons of Liberty. Arrested as a spy by the British and hanged. Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during the Civil War. He was later assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. 3. George Washington: commander of the Continental Army. 34. John Marshall: 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he helped establish the idea of judicial review that made the Supreme Court far more powerful. 35. John Paul Jones: American naval hero who famously said, "I have not yet begun to fight" 36. John Quincy Adams: 6th President of the US, helped negotiate the Adams-Onis Treaty. Won the election of 1824 known as the "corrupt bargain" when Henry Clay convinced the House to elect JQA an din return Clay would become Secretary of State. 37. 55. Thomas Paine: wrote Common Sense and The Crisis 56. Ulysses S. Grant: Commander of the Union troops 57. Wentworth Cheswell: Grandson to the first African American land owner, founding father, very active in public life, influential town leader, judge, and soldier in the American Revolution John Rolfe: made Jamestown prosperous by growing tobacco. married Pocahontas which helped relations between the settlers and the Native Americans 38. John Smith: saved Jamestown by implementing the "work or 39. King George III: British monarch during the American 58. had a great influence on the Founding Fathers of the US. He taught that man is granted fundamental rights by God. He is famous for writing Classic Commentaries on the Laws of England. starve rule" 59. Revolution 40. Lewis & Clark: explorers of the Louisiana Territory 41. Lord Baltimore: founded Maryland as a safe haven for 42. Marquis de Lafayette: Frenchmen who believed in the Patriot Catholics cause. He aided the Patriots with money and supplies. he became a close friend and adviser to GW. 43. Mercy Otis Warrn: She was a patriot who wrote plays, poems and essays supporting the idea of independence. 44. Patrick Henry: Patriot from Virginia' famously said, "Give me liberty or give me Death!" He became an outspoken AntiFederalist because the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights 45. Phillip Bazaar: a Chilean immigrant and resident of Massachusetts, member of the US Navy during the Civil War, awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery during the Civil War in 1865. 46. Robert E. Lee: Commander of the Confederate troops 47. Robert Fulton: invented a new type of steamboat that could move against the current or wind (Clemont). 48. Roger Williams: Started Rhode Island after he was removed from Massachusetts. He believed in the separation of church and state. 49. Sacagawea: Native American who helped Lewis and Clark while they explored the Louisiana Territory 50. Samuel Adams: founded the Sons of Liberty and Committee of Correspondence. He was the mastermind behind the Boston Tea Party. 51. Susan B. Anthony: a reformer that worked in the abolitionist and temperance movement and dedicated her life to women's suffrage movement. She and Elizabeth Cady Stanton established the National American Women Suffrage Association 52. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson: famous Confederate General known for his courageous ability to face an opposing army like a "stonewall". 53. Thomas Hooker: founded Connecticut, aided in the adoption of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, favored voting rights for all men regardless of religious or property qualifications 54. Thomas Jefferson: primary author of the Declaration of Independence, founder of the Democratic-Republican Party, Secretary of State under Washington, VP under John Adams, and 3rd President of the US. William Blackstone: British attorney and philosopher that William Carney: former slave who enlisted in the all African American 54th Massachusetts regiment during the Civil War. He is the 1st African American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor 60. William Penn: Quaker who founded Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. Pennsylvania had a democratic form of government