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WS – Overview of pgs 4-8 of Notes
Name: ________________________________
Fill in the blanks using the answer choices below:
1. Variations in muscle shortening can be produced by changing the
___________________________ of muscle stimulation or by changing the
___________________________ of muscle cells being stimulated.
2. The differences in twitch responses of different muscles are due to differences in
___________________________ properties and the presence or absences of certain
regulatory _________________________ in the muscles.
3. When impulses are delivered in rapid succession, each contraction will build onto the
previous contraction. As this continues, the individual contractions will become fused
into a smooth, sustained contraction called ________________________, which is
the usual manner of muscle contractions.
4. The staircase pattern on myogram recordings is known as ____________________.
5. This pattern indicates an increased availability of ______ ions and an increased
efficiency of _________________ systems due to heat as the muscle warm up
through activity.
6. Weak or precise movements are controlled by a ________ number of motor units
being stimulated.
Calcium
Contractures
Enzyme
Enzymes
Frequency
Large
Metabolic
Number
Potassium
Small
Tetanus
Treppe
Matching - answers will only be used once
_____the extra amount that must be taken in to provide for restorative processes
_____muscle shortens - tension remains the same – movement caused
_____degeneration & loss of muscle mass
_____muscles are weak and flabby
_____voluntarily discontinue activity due to relative deficit of ATP
_____tension increases - muscle does not shorten – no movement caused
_____muscle activity ceases even though muscle may still be receiving stimuli
A. isometric
C. physiological
E. oxygen debt
contraction
fatigue
F. disuse atrophy
B. isotonic
D. psychological
G. flaccid
contraction
fatigue
_______________________________________________________________
Short Answer
1. Name 2 reasons for physiological fatigue.
2. How do you repay the oxygen debt after exertion is ended? Be specific.
3. Which type of respiration leads to lactic acid buildup?
4. Fill in the Blanks on the Chart using the answer choices below.
Direct phosphorylation of
Anaerobic
Aerobic respiration
CP
respiration
(mitochondria)
(cytoplasm)
Energy source CP
Glucose
Glucose, ____________
High energy molecule found (only glycolysis
acids (resting/slowly
only in _______________
used)
contracting muscles),
fibers
________ acids (if no
glucose/fatty acids
available)
Oxygen use
None
None
Required
CP + ADP ↔ creatine +
Glucose + oxygen →
______
carbon dioxide +
_______________ + ATP
Products
_____ ATP per CP, creatine _____ ATP per
________ ATP per
glucose, lactic acid glucose, CO2, H2O
Duration of
________ seconds
_________
______________
energy
seconds
Activities
Brief maximum power surge: More sustained
Endurance rather than
Weightlifting, diving,
but less vigorous
power activities:
________________
as muscle
Marathon,
depletes oxygen
___________________
Speed &
Very fast, very reversible,
2 ½ x faster than
Slower, requires
efficiency
easily replenished when
aerobic, not as
________________
muscle are
_________
delivery of oxygen &
_______________
nutrients to muscle
1
15-20
2
30-60
36
Active
Amino
ATP
Continuous
Efficient
Fatty
Hours
Hours
Inactive
Jogging
Muscle
Sprinting
Water
5. Given what you have learned about muscle fibers and that structure determines
function: Why is chicken breast meat white while chicken thighs & legs dark meat?
6. Given a man and a woman of equal weight and equal athletic fitness level: Which one
will have more total strength and why?