Download Lesson 4:cell structure and function

Animal and Plant Cells
Lesson 4
Biology 10
Objective: You will be able to
- identify, label, and describe the main
parts (organelles) of an animal cell and
plant cell.
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Functions
Nucleus: - Commanding the Cell
The cell nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It helps control eating,
movement, and reproduction. If it happens in a cell, chances are the
nucleus knows about it. The nucleus is not always in the center of the
cell. It will be a big dark spot somewhere in the middle of all of the
cytoplasm.
Nucleolus: largest structure in the nucleus of
where it primarily serves as the site of
and assembly.
Lysosome:They can be described as the stomach of the cell.
Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and
engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Vacuole:the functions include:
Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell
Containing waste products
containing water in plant cells
Exporting unwanted substances from the cell
Mitochondria:The main job of mitochondria is to perform
cellular respiration. This means it takes in nutrients from the cell,
breaks it down, and turns it into energy.
Endoplasmic reticulum:functions as a manufacturing
and packaging system. It works closely with the Golgi apparatus
and ribososmes. The membranes are slightly different from cell to
cell and a cell’s function determines the size and structure of the
ER. For example, some cells, such as prokaryotes or red blood
cells, do not have an ER of any kind. Cells that synthesize and
release a lot of proteins would need a large amount of ER.
Golgi Apparatus:The Golgi apparatus gathers simple
molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more
complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in
vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of
the cell. It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the protein builders or the
protein synthesizers of the cell.
Cell membrane:All cells are contained by a cell membrane
that keeps the pieces inside. It holds all of the cell pieces and
fluids inside the cell and keeps any nasty things outside the cell. It
controls movement in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm:Most of the important activities of the cell occur in
the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm contains molecules such as enzymes
which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in
metabolic activity.Cytoplasm is responsible for giving a cell its
shape.
Note: Cytosol is the part of the cytoplasm that does not
contain organelles.
Centrosome:are associated with the nuclear membrane
during cell division.
Plants Only
Chloroplasts:conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb
sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide
gas to produce food for the plant.
Cell Wall: surrounds the cell membrane and provides these
cells with structural support and protection.