Download Chapter 3 Study Guide Answer key 2016

Chapter 3 Study Guide: (ANSWER KEY)-----1.
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ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate.
The function of ATP is to produce energy and fuel all of the cell’s activities.
The energy must be transferred to ATP before the stored energy can be used by the cell.
The cell membrane controls how things enter and exit the cells. It is made of a phospholipids
bilayer.
5. The cell membrane is described as “semi-permeable” because it is selective as to what it lets
“into” and “out of” a cell. It keeps good things in and bad things out of the cell.
6. Three factors that determine “how” materials move into and out of a cell are:
--- the size of the particle
---- the path the particle takes to go into and out of the cell
--- whether energy is used or not.
7. Diffusion is the movement of small particles from areas of high concentration to low
concentration. The type of transport involved in this process is passive transport.
8. Osmosis is the diffusion of “water” from areas of high concentration to low concentration. The
type of transport involved in this process is passive transport.
9. Active transport uses energy to move materials into and out of a cell, but passive transport does
not require energy to move materials in and out of a cell.
10. Active transport involves the movement of particles from __low___ to ____high____
concentration gradients.
11. Passive transport involves the movement of particles from ____high____ to ___low______
concentration gradients.
12. ENDOCYTOSIS involves the movement of LARGE molecules INTO a cell.
13. EXOCYTOSIS involves the movement of LARGE molecules OUT OF a cell.
14. Materials travel across a cell during endocytosis and exocytosis with the help of VESICLES
that fuse with the cell membrane.
15. Oxygen and water enter the cell through diffusion and osmosis.
16. Proteins (chains of amino acids) and sugars enter the cell through DIFFUSION, specifically
by moving particles through “protein doorways/channels” from areas of
high concentrations to low concentrations. This does NOT USE energy in a cell, so it is still
passive transport.
17. Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food. Heterotrophs are organisms that
“can not” make their own food; instead they must eat other organisms to get energy.
18. Humans and other consumers are heterotrophs.
19. Mostly all energy comes from the _____sun_______.
20. Photosynthesis is the process plants use to trap sunlight to make their own food.
21. The chemical formula for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H20 + SUNLIGHT ---à C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the reactants in this equation? CO2, H2O, and sunlight
What are the products? C6H12O6 and 6O2
22. Photosynthesis take place in plants inside the CHLOROPLAST.
23. Cellular respiration is the process plants and animals use to break down food and release
energy in their bodies.
24. Write the chemical formula for cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -----à 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
What are the reactants in this equation? C6H12O6 and 6O2
What are the products? CO2, H2O, and ATP
25. Photosynthesis describes how plants “make” their own food, but cellular respiration
explains how plants and animals “break down” the food to release energy.
Each formula is the same, but they are written in reverse directions of one another.
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Cellular respiration take place in animals in the MITOCHONDRIA.
TRUE: Cellular respiration occurs in both plants and animals.
Cellular respiration is also called AEROBIC respiration.
Most of the ATP in your body is released in the form of “heat energy”.
Chapter 3 Study Guide (B) ANSWER KEY--------1. ATP stands for Adenosine TriPhospate.
2. ATP is also called the energy of a cell.
3. True: ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells
4. The organelle in a cell responsible for making ATP is the MITOCHONDRIA.
5. Most of the ATP in your body is released in the form of __heat energy_____.
6. The CELL MEMBRANE controls how things enter and exit the cell. It is this made of
a PHOSHOLIPID BILAYER.
7. The cell membrane is described as “semi-permeable” because it is selective as to what it lets
“into” and “out of” a cell. It keeps good things in and bad things out of the cell.
8. Diffusion is the movement of small particles from areas of high concentration to low
concentration.
9. Osmosis is the diffusion of “water” from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
10. Mostly all energy comes from the _____sun_______.
11. Photosynthesis is the process in which plants can make their own food.
12. Write the word formula for photosynthesis.
CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + SUNLIGHT = SUGAR + OXYGEN
What are the reactants (what reacts) in this equation? Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
What are the products (what is produced)? Sugar and oxygen
13. Photosynthesis take place in plants in the CHLOROPLAST.
14. CHLOROPHYLL is the light absorbing pigment plants used to trap sunlight during
photosynthesis.
15. Write the word formula for cellular respiration.
SUGAR + OXYGEN = CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + ENERGY
What are the reactants in this equation? Sugar and oxygen
What are the products? Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
16. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cell respiration?
Photosynthesis describes how plants “make” their own food, but cellular respiration
explains how plants and animals “break down” the food to release energy.
Each formula is the same, but they are written in reverse directions of one another.
17. Cellular respiration take place in animals in the MITOCHONDRIA.
18. TRUE: Cellular respiration occurs in both plants and animals.