Download Chapter 3 Instruction Set Architectures

Chapter 3
Instruction Set Architectures
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Chapter Outline
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Programming Languages
Assembly Languages
Instruction Set Architecture Design
A Relatively Simple ISA
ISA of the 8085 microprocessor
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Programming Languages
• High level languages
• Assembly languages
• Machine languages
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Compilation Process
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Assembly Process
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Java Applets
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Assembly Language Attributes
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Instruction types
Data types
Addressing modes
Instruction formats
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Instruction Types
• Data transfer
• Data operation
• Program control
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Data Types
• Numeric (integer, floating point)
• Boolean (true, false)
• Character (ASCII, Unicode)
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Addressing modes - Direct
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Addressing modes - Indirect
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Addressing modes - Register
Direct
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Addressing modes - Register
Indirect
@R
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Addressing modes Immediate
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Addressing modes - Implicit
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Addressing modes - Relative
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Addressing modes - Indexed
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Instruction Formats
• More operands = less instructions
• More operands = larger words
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3-operand Instructions
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2-operand Instructions
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1-operand Instructions
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0-operand Instructions
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Instruction Set Architecture
• Instruction set
• Register set
• Memory access information
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ISA Attributes
• Completeness
• Orthogonality
• Register set design
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ISA Requirements
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Backward compatibility?
Data types/sizes
Interrupts?
Conditional instructions?
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A Relatively Simple ISA Registers
• Accumulator AC
• General purpose register R
• Flag Z
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A Relatively Simple ISA Instruction Set
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A Relatively Simple ISA Instruction Set (continued)
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A Relatively Simple ISA Instruction Formats
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Example Relatively Simple
Program
1  2  ...  n, or
n
i
i 1
This could be written as a high-level language
code snippet as follows.
total=0;
FOR i=1 to n DO {total = total + i};
1. total = 0, i = 0
2. i = i + 1
3. total = total + i
4. IF i  n THEN GOTO 2
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Example Relatively Simple
Program Code
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Example Relatively Simple
Program Trace
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A Relatively Simple ISA Analysis
• Completeness
• Orthogonality
• Register set design
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The 8085 ISA - Registers
• Accumulator A
• General purpose registers B, C, D, E, H,
L
• Stack pointer SP
• Flags S, Z, P, CY, AC
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The 8085 ISA - Instruction Set
• Data movement instructions
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The 8085 ISA - Instruction Set
• Data operation instructions
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The 8085 ISA - Instruction Set
• Program control instructions
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The 8085 ISA - Instruction
Formats
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Example 8085 Program
n
1  2  ...  n, or  i
i 1
1. i = n, sum = 0
2. sum = sum + i, i = i - 1
3. IF i  0 THEN GOTO 2
4. total = sum
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Example 8085 Program Code
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Example 8085 Program Trace
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The 8085 ISA - Analysis
• Completeness
• Orthogonality
• Register set design
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Summary
• Programming Languages
• ISA Design
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