Download hypothalamus and its hormones hormones of the pituitary

HYPOTHALAMUS AND ITS HORMONES
HORMONES OF THE PITUITARY
Jana Jurcovicova
HYPOTHALAMUS
Part of the limbic system where neural and humoral regulations integrate
It extends between:
- mammilary bodies (caudally)
- optic chiasm (frontally)
- optic tract (laterally)
- thalamus (dorsally)
In its medial part there are clusters of cell bodies of nerve cells
producing peptidergic hormones regulating adenopituitary secretion
BASAL VIEW OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF HYPOTHALAMIC
NUCLEI
AC: anterior commissure PO: preoptic nucleus SC: suprachiasmatic nucleus OC: optic chiasma TC: tuber cinereum AP: anterior pituitary
IN: infundibulum: posterior pituitary ME: median eminence AH: anterior hypothalamic nucleus SO: supraoptic nucleus TH: thalamus
PV: paraventricular nucleus (not to be confused with periventricular nucleus, which is not shown) DM: dorsomedial nucleus VM:
ventromedial nucleus AR: arcuate nucleus (associated with periventricular nucleus, which is not shown) LT: lateral nucleus PN: posterior
nucleus MB: mamillary body
SCHEMATIC CROSS SECTION OF
HYPOTHALAMUS
suprachiasmatic
Guyton and Hall, 2006
Ganong and Hall, 2006
CROSS-SECTION OF THE ROSTRO - MEDIAL
PART OF THE BRAIN
CROSS- SECTION OF THE MIDDLE PART OF
THE BRAIN
HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF
HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEI
HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY REGULATION
DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE OF PITUITARY
diencephalon
Rathke’s pouch
of pharynx
neural tissue
ectoderm
pars tuberalis
pars distalis
pars nervosa
anterior
posterior
pars intermedia
HYPOTHALAMO – PITUITARY CONNECTION
PRL - ; +
GH +; -
ACTH +
TSH +
FSH + LH +
INNERVATION OF ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR PITUITARY BY NEURONES OF
PARAVENTRICULAR AND SUPRAOPTIC
NUCLEI
HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OF POSTERIOR
PITUITARY SECRETION
Guyton and Hall, 2006
STRUCTURES OF ARGININE VASOPRESSIN
AND OXYTOCIN
HYPOTHALAMO - PITUITARY SYSTEM
Nc. paraventricularis
Nc. supraopticus
Hypothalamic neurons
secreting releasing, inhibiting
hormones (nuclei:nARC, mPOA NPE)
p
** arvoce
llu
m
la
ag
r
no
ce
llu
la
r
Primary capilary
plexus
Chiasma
opticum
Neural lobe
Portal vein
Adenopituitary
Anterior lobe
Secretory
cells
Oxytocin
Vasopresin
ACTH, GH,
TSH, LH, FSH, Prolactin
HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES
SECRETED HORMONE
abbr
Thyrotrophic-releasing
hormone
(Prolactin-releasing
hormone)
TRH,
PRH
Parvocellular
neurosecretory
neurons
Stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from
anterior pituitary (primarily)
Stimulate prolactin release from anterior pituitary
Dopamine
(Prolactin-inhibiting
hormone)
DA
or
PIH
Dopamine neurons
of the arcuate
nucleus
Inhibit prolactin release from anterior pituitary
Growth hormone-releasing
hormone
GHR
H
Neuroendocrine
neurons of the
Arcuate nucleus
Stimulate Growth hormone (GH) release from anterior
pituitary
Somatostatin
(growth hormone-inhibiting
hormone)
SS,
GHI
H, or
SRIF
Neuroendocrine
cells of the
Periventricular
nucleus
Inhibit Growth hormone (GH) release from anterior pituitary
Inhibit thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from
anterior pituitary
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone
GnR
H or
LHR
H
Neuroendocrine
cells of the Preoptic
area
Stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from
anterior pituitary
Stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release from anterior
pituitary
Corticotropin-releasing
hormone
CRH
Parvocellular
neurosecretory
neurons
Stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from
anterior pituitary
Magnocellular
neurosecretory
cells
Uterine contraction
Lactation (letdown reflex)
Magnocellular
neurosecretory
neurons
Increase in the permeability to water of the cells of distal
tubule and collecting duct in the kidney and thus allows
water reabsorption and excretion of concentrated urine
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
(antidiuretic hormone)
ADH
or
AVP
PRODUCED BY
EFFECT
LIST OF PITUITARY HORMONES
STRUCTURE OF PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN
PC1 – PROHORMONE CONVERTASE1
PC2 – PROHORMONE CONVERTASE2
REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC
HORMONES BY SHORT LOOP AND
ULTRASHORT LOOP FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK REGULATION OF
ADENOPITUITARY HORMONES
THE ENDOCRINE HYPOTHALAMUS IS
RESPONSIVE TO:
Neural inputs transmitted information - arising in particular from higher
CNS centers
Blood-borne stimuli - including leptin, ghrelin, insulin, pituitary hormones,
cytokines, plasma concentrations of glucose, osmolarity, steroids (gonadal
steroids and corticosteroids)
Light - daylength and photoperiod for synchronizing of circadian rhythms
Stress - Invading microorganisms by increasing body temperature, resetting
the body's thermostat upward.
NEURAL STIMULI OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
NEURON
synaptic buttons
myelin
Ranvier
cleft
axon
dendrites
oligodendroglia
nucleus
mitochondrion
vesicles with mediator
exocytosis
synapse
postsynaptci
receptots
NEUROTRANSMITER SYSTEMS REGULATING
HYPOTHALAMIC SECRETION
v
ERROR: ioerror
OFFENDING COMMAND: image
STACK: