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Erector spinae muscles The erector spinae (/ˌᵻˈrɛktər ˈspaɪniː/ ə-REK-tər SPEYE-nee) [1] is a set of muscles in the back. • iliocostalis thoracis where its insertion runs from the last 6 ribs to the first 6 ribs. 1 • iliocostalis cervicis which runs from the first 6 ribs to the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C6-C4. Structure The erector spinae is not just one muscle, but a bundle of muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs more or less 1.2 Longissimus vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the Main article: Longissimus vertebral column. Erector spinae is covered in the lumbar and thoracic regions by the thoracolumbar fascia, and in The longissimus muscle is the intermediate and the the cervical region by the nuchal ligament. largest of the three columns, it has three parts with difThis large muscular and tendinous mass varies in size and ferent origin and insertion: structure at different parts of the vertebral column. In the sacral region, it is narrow and pointed, and at its origin • longissimus thoracis originates from the sacrum, chiefly tendinous in structure. In the lumbar region, it is spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae and translarger, and forms a thick fleshy mass. Further up, it is verse process of the last thoracic vertebra and inserts subdivided into three columns. These gradually diminish in the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, in size as they ascend to be inserted into the vertebrae and erector spinae aponeurosis, ribs and costal processes ribs. of the thoracic vertebrae. The erector spinae arises from the anterior surface of a broad and thick tendon. It is attached to the medial • longissimus cervicis originates from the transverse crest of the sacrum, to the spinous processes of the lumprocesses of T6-T1 and inserts in the transverse probar and the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae and cesses of C7-C2. the supraspinous ligament, to the back part of the in• longissimus capitis originates from the transverse ner lip of the iliac crests, and to the lateral crests of processes of T3-T1 runs through C7-C3 and inserts the sacrum, where it blends with the sacrotuberous and in the mastoid process of the temporal bone. posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Some of its fibers are continuous with the fibers of origin of the gluteus maximus. 1.3 Spinalis The muscular fibers form a large fleshy mass that splits, in the upper lumbar region, into three columns, viz., a Main article: Spinalis lateral (Iliocostalis), an intermediate (Longissimus), and a medial (Spinalis). Each of these consists of three parts, The spinalis muscle is the most medial and the smallest inferior to superior, as follows: column. It has three parts: 1.1 • spinalis thoracis which originates from the spinous process of L3-T10 and inserts in the spinous process of T8-T2. Iliocostalis Main article: Iliocostalis • spinalis cervicis originates from the spinous process of T2-C6 and inserts in the spinous process of C4C2. The iliocostalis originates from the sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis and iliac crest. The iliocostalis has three different insertions according to the parts: • spinalis capitis is an inconstant muscles fibres that runs from the cervical and upper thoracic that then inserts in the external occipital protuberance. • iliocostalis lumborum has the lumbar part(where its insertion is in the 12th to 7th ribs) 1 2 6 EXTERNAL LINKS From lateral to medial, the erector spinae muscles can 5 References be remembered using the mnemonic, I Love Spinach. I lliocostalis, Love Longissimus and Spinach Spinalis.[2] This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray’s Anatomy (1918) 2 Function The erector spinae functions to straighten the back and provides for side-to-side rotation. 3 Clinical significance 3.1 Training Examples of exercises by which the erector spinae can be strengthened for therapeutic or athletic purposes include, but are not limited to: [1] “How to pronounce spinae in English”. Cambridge University Press 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015. [2] “Medical mnemonic”. LifeHugger. Retrieved 2009-1215. 6 External links • −596967347 at GPnotebook • Anatomy figure: 01:05-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - “Intermediate layer of the extrinsic muscles of the back, deep muscles.” • ithaca.edu • Bent-over row • Deadlift • Hyperextension • Good-morning • Pull-up (exercise) • Rowing • Squat • Utkatasana • Bridge (exercise) 4 Additional images • Right hip bone. Internal surface. • Diagram of a transverse section of the posterior abdominal wall, to show the disposition of the lumbodorsal fascia. • The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves. • Transverse section, showing the relations of the capsule of the kidney. • Surface anatomy of the back. • Lumbar triangle 3 7 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 7.1 Text • Erector spinae muscles Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erector_spinae_muscles?oldid=706356849 Contributors: Nikai, Raven in Orbit, Finlay McWalter, Jfdwolff, Peter Ellis, Smyth, HCA, Paul August, Bender235, Arcadian, Woohookitty, Alex Klotz, Chris Capoccia, Welsh, Richardcavell, Isoxyl, SmackBot, Ratznium, Grover cleveland, Sgamer1770, Sijo Ripa, Gimme a reason to keep this, Englishnerd, Kilva, AntiVandalBot, David Shankbone, Deflective, MER-C, WLU, CFCF, Idioma-bot, ClueBot, SuperHamster, Lenrodman, Hammerfist, Addbot, Kasschei, SpBot, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, KDS4444, GrouchoBot, Erik9, Z0OMD, Skydiver123, Юрий Педаченко, Bblontrock, Alph Bot, K6ka, ClueBot NG, Frietjes, Dictabeard, Andrew Swift, Luwolf, Hfraziers, JakobSteenberg, Epicgenius, Jamesmcmahon0, NYBrook098, LT910001, Anindya07 and Anonymous: 42 7.2 Images • File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: This file was derived from Wiki letter w.svg: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Wiki_letter_w.svg' class='image'><img alt='Wiki letter w.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_ letter_w.svg/50px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png' width='50' height='50' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/ Wiki_letter_w.svg/75px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/ 100px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='44' data-file-height='44' /></a> Original artist: Derivative work by Thumperward 7.3 Content license • Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0