Download Lincoln County Schools Patriot Day Instructional Expectations

Lincoln County Schools Patriot Day Instructional Expectations
Patriot Day 3
School: LCHS
Course/Subject: US History /
Honors US History
Teacher: Wesley &
Monhollen
Learning Target: I can evaluate, take, and defend positions on the development of US foreign policy during
the early nineteenth century (e.g., Embargo Act, Monroe Doctrine).
Lesson Expectations/Standard:
Standards - US History Quality Core – B. Building a Nation (Colonization –ca.1877) – 1. Colonization and
Forging a New Nation – m. Evaluate, take, and defend positions on the development of US foreign policy
during the early nineteenth century (e.g., Embargo Act, Monroe Doctrine).
Expectations – Students will read the lesson and answer the corresponding questions. Students must be
80% accurate or higher to be considered proficient, thus meeting the benchmark standard for this
assignment.
Links to Other Assignment Options (websites or programs):
Links to Resources and Support:
YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMXqg2PKJZU – Crash Course: War of 1812
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jp2oN8mTINc – War of 1812 for Dummies
Teacher Support: (list emails &/or phone numbers here):
[email protected]
Remind “app”
[email protected]
Remind “app”
*Reminder: Assignments are due back to teachers the next day we are in school, if possible, or within 1
week of the Patriot Day.
Foreign Policy and War of 1812
The late 1700s and early 1800s were very important years to the development of the United States. Treaties were made and
broken, the United States went to war for the first time as a country, and the leaders of the country began to realize the power
of a new nation. The following is a timeline of the United States' interactions with other foreign powers.
Timeline of Events of the New Nation
President Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793
Issued by George Washington, the Proclamation of Neutrality that declared the U.S. would not take sides in the war between Great
Britain and France. The Proclamation was important because it went against the Treaty of Alliance with France, which was
established during the American Revolution.
Jay's Treaty, 1795
This treaty with Great Britain enforced the boundaries agreed upon at the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Great Britain agreed to withdraw
troops that were stationed in the Northwest Territory.
Pinckney's Treaty, 1795
In this treaty, Spain agreed to allow American ships to sail on the Mississippi and use the port at New Orleans without paying dues
to Spain. The treaty also established the border between Georgia and Spanish-controlled Florida.
President Washington's Farewell Address, 1796
Before leaving office at the end of his second term as president, George Washington wrote a letter to the American people. In this
letter, he had advice for how the country should be run. This letter is known as George Washington's Farewell Address. One of
Washington's main points dealt with U.S. foreign policy. He warned that the U.S. should not enter into long-term agreements or
treaties with other countries. He wanted the country to avoid foreign wars that did not directly involve the United States.
XYZ Affair, 1797
After the U.S.and Great Britain signed the Jay Treaty, France feared that the U.S. was forming an alliance with Great Britain, which
was France's enemy at the time. French began seizing U.S. ships, which greatly angered the U.S. In 1797, the U.S. sent diplomats
to France in order to negotiate continued peace between the two countries. The French demanded that the U.S. pay a bribe of
$250,000 and loan France money before negotiations. The American agents refused, and John Adams sent a report to Congress
using X, Y, and Z to stand for the French agents' names. This event, known as the XYZ Affair, angered the American government.
As a result, the United States began to increase its defense spending, creating the Navy Department and building up the army.
Though there was never a formal declaration of war, the U.S. armed forces increased as a result of the tensions.
Convention of 1800
Also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine, this was a meeting between the U.S. and France. The two countries ended the alliance
they formed in 1778 in which each country had agreed to help the other in case of an attack by Great Britain. This convention also
ended the Undeclared Naval War between the U.S. and France that had resulted from the XYZ Affair.
Embargo Act, 1807
The Embargo Act prohibited American exports to all foreign ports. The U.S. hoped this act would keep them out of the war between
Great Britain and France. The act hurt American businesses and was lifted in favor of the Non-Intercourse Act, which allowed
American exports to all countries except Great Britain and France.
War of 1812
Great Britain's impressment of American sailors, blockade of the American coast, interference with American trade, and aid of
Native Americans on the frontier were reasons the War of 1812 was started. The U.S. declared war on Great Britain on June 18,
1812, under President James Madison.
Treaty of Ghent, 1814
Signed on December 24, 1814, in Ghent, Belgium, the treaty brought an end to the War of 1812. Neither the U.S. nor Great Britain
claimed a victory, and neither of them gained or lost territory as a result of the treaty.
Battle of New Orleans, 1815
Taking place on January 8, 1815 this was the last battle of the War of 1812. Because of slow communications across the Atlantic
Ocean, British and American troops continued to fight after the Treaty of Ghent was signed. General Andrew Jackson led the
Americans to victory over the British.
Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
In this treaty signed by Spain and the U.S., the U.S. purchased Florida from Spain, the border was set between Texas and
Louisiana, and Spain withdrew all claims of land in the West north of the 42nd parallel. Also, the U.S. assumed $5 million dollars in
damages claimed by U.S. citizens against Spain.
Monroe Doctrine, 1823
President James Monroe announced what is known as the Monroe Doctrine in his annual message to Congress in 1823. Monroe
asserted this policy shortly after several Latin American countries gained their independence. He feared that European nations
would try to take control of the newly independent countries. It stated that European countries would no longer be allowed to create
new colonies or to interfere with the affairs of independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine was very
influential on U.S. foreign policy for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries and was used as justification for U.S. involvement in
the affairs of various countries in Latin America.
Foreign Policy and War of 1812
The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain beginning on June 18, 1812, and lasting until
February 18, 1815. The war was started for many reasons, including the British blockade of the American coast, impressment
of Americans into the Royal Navy, and British arming of Native American tribes. Though the war officially ended on December
24, 1814 with the Treaty of Ghent, fighting continued into the early days of 1815.
Causes of the War of 1812
Impressment
The British policy of impressment occurred as a result of the low number of volunteers in the Royal Navy. Due to harsh
conditions and bad treatment of British sailors, many deserted at any opportunity. To combat this, the British claimed the right
to stop and search American vessels, supposedly in an effort to re-impress British deserters. In reality, however, the British
impressed both deserters as well as American sailors into service.
Chesapeake Affair
In 1807, British sailors on the warship Leopard wanted to board the Chesapeake, an American warship, to look for British
deserters. American sailors on the Chesapeake refused to let the British on board, and the British fired on the ship in
retaliation. The Chesapeake was forced to surrender and the British impressed four sailors.
Public outrage over the Chesapeake incident increased tensions between the U.S. and the British, and the U.S. demanded
that the British renounce the policy of impressment. In response, the British government recalled the officer responsible for the
affair and offered to release three of the American sailors (the fourth having been hanged), but refused to end the
impressment.
Interference with Trade
Ongoing conflict between Napoleon's France and the British Empire began to directly interfere with American trade in the
early years of the 19th century. Following the destruction of the French fleet by the British Royal Navy in 1805, the French
emperor issued a decree to bar British ships from trading in French ports. The decree also barred neutral ships that had
stopped previously at a British port. In response, the British set up a blockade of Europe to hurt French trade. Only cargo that
was carried by a British ship or by a neutral ship that had previously stopped at a British port was allowed through the
blockade.
The U.S. found itself caught in the middle of the conflict between the two powers, but most Americans were more
concerned with the British as they had the more powerful navy. In 1807, the U.S. passed the Embargo Act, which prohibited
American exports to all foreign ports. The U.S. hoped this act would keep the country out of the war between Great Britain and
France. The act hurt American businesses, however, and was lifted in favor of the Non-Intercourse Act, which allowed
American exports to all countries except Great Britain and France. In 1810, following a pledge from Napoleon that French
would no longer interfere with American ships, the U.S. announced its embargo would continue against Great Britain alone.
Native Americans
U.S. citizens living on the frontier were worried that British troops were arming Native Americans and convincing them to
attack towns and homes. There was also concern that the British were trying to block Americans from gaining land in the Ohio
River Valley and the Northwest Territory by turning the Native Americans against U.S. frontiersman and frontier families.
War Hawks
As a result of increasing anti-British sentiment as well as the desire to continue American expansion north into Canada and
south into Florida, war fever began to grow among many Americans. In the congressional elections of 1810, Americans from
the northern and southern regions of the country elected a large number of representatives who were eager to go to war with
Britain. Among those elected were Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina who led a group known as
the "war hawks" because of their aggressive policies in lobbying for a declaration of war.
Events of the War of 1812
Declaration of War
On June 1, 1812, President James Madison sent a message to Congress listing the American concerns regarding Great
Britain. After Madison's message, the House of Representatives and the Senate voted in favor of issuing a declaration of war
against Great Britain. The conflict began formally on June 18, 1812, when Madison signed the measure into law. This was the
first time that the United States had declared war on another nation.
USS Constitution
The USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted ship of the United States Navy. Named by President George
Washington, she is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel that is still afloat today. During the War of 1812, the
Constitution became a symbol of American strength due to her capture of many British merchant ships as well as the defeat of
five British warships, including the HMS Guerriere on August 19, 1812. During the battle, the Guerriere opened fire on the
Constitution, but the shots did very little damage, earning her the nickname "old ironsides."
the Constitution and the Guerriere battle at sea
British Invasion of Washington, D.C.
In August of 1814, the British invaded Washington, D.C. and burned the White House, the U.S. Capitol, and other buildings.
After the British burned Washington D.C., they attacked Fort McHenry in Baltimore. Francis Scott Key saw the American flag
flying at the fort and wrote the words for "The Star-Spangled Banner," which later became the national anthem.
Hartford Convention, 1814
In 1814, New England states were unhappy that the War of 1812 was still continuing. New England merchants and
shippers had suffered heavy financial losses because of the war and the embargoes that preceded it. On December 15, 1814,
delegates from the New England states met in Hartford, Connecticut, and they continued their meetings until January 5, 1815.
They came up with five amendments that they wanted to add to the Constitution, and at one point they considered secession.
However, since the Treaty of Ghent was signed on December 24, 1814, the Hartford Convention had no effect on the outcome
of the war. None of the proposed amendments were added to the Constitution.
End of the War
Treaty of Ghent
Signed on December 24, 1814, this treaty brought the War of 1812 to an end. It was signed in Ghent, Belgium, and neither
the United States nor Great Britain claimed a victory. Also, neither country gained nor lost territory as a result of the war,
though the United States wanted to acquire Canada.
Battle of New Orleans
This was the last battle of the War of 1812, taking place on January 8, 1815. Though the Treaty of Ghent had been signed
by this time, communications were slow across the Atlantic Ocean, and so troops were still fighting because they had not
heard about the treaty. General Andrew Jackson led American troops to victory against the British in this battle.
Foreign Policy and War of 1812 Quiz
1. Which treaty signed with Spain in 1795 granted Americans the right to sail on the Mississippi
River and use the port of New Orleans?
A.
the Jay Treaty
B.
the Treaty of Alliance
C.
the Treaty of Ghent
D.
the Pinckney Treaty
2. What was the result of the Convention of 1800?
A.
The Alliance of 1778 between the U.S. and France ended.
B.
The U.S. could trade with any country except France or Great Britain.
C.
The U.S. and Great Britain agreed to become allies in future wars.
D.
Great Britain agreed to stop blockading the American coastline.
3. Which of the following replaced the Embargo Act of 1807?
A.
the Non-Intercourse Act
B.
Macon's Bill Number Two
C.
the Pinckney Treaty
D.
the Jay Treaty
4. The XYZ Affair occurred when the United States sent representatives to negotiate with which
country?
A.
Great Britain
B.
Spain
C.
France
D.
the Netherlands
5. Which of the following was one of the terms of the Jay Treaty, signed between Great Britain and
the United States in 1794?
A.
Great Britain agreed to withdraw troops from the Northwest Territory.
B.
The United States agreed to be allies with the British in future wars.
C.
The United States acquired the Louisiana Territory.
D.
Great Britain ceded Canada to the United States.
6. What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?
A.
It prohibited Americans from exporting goods to European countries.
B.
It prohibited Americans from exporting goods to Great Britain.
C.
It prohibited Americans from exporting goods to all foreign countries.
D.
It prohibited Americans from exporting goods to France.
7. In 1778, the United States and France signed the Treaty of Alliance, in which both countries
agreed to assist the other in case of an attack by Great Britain. In 1793, Great Britain and France
went to war. What did President George Washington do in response to the war between Great
Britain and France?
A.
He decided to offer American assistance to Great Britain.
B.
He issued the Proclamation of Neutrality, which stated that the U.S. was not going to take sides in the war.
C.
He followed the terms of the Treaty of Alliance and offered France assistance.
D.
He decided to offer American assistance to both Great Britain and France.
8.
It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign
world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of
patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to
private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements
be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary and would be unwise to
extend them.
The excerpt above is from George Washington's Farewell Address, which was printed in
Philadelphia's American Daily Advertiser on September 19, 1796. What issue was Washington
addressing in the passage above?
A.
He did not want the United States to export goods to other countries.
B.
He wanted the United States to end the slave trade.
C.
He did not want the United States to become too involved in the affairs of other countries.
D.
He wanted the United States to make more alliances with other countries.
9. Which was one of the American goals of the War of 1812?
A.
to acquire Canada
B.
to acquire Florida
C.
to acquire the Louisiana Territory
D.
to acquire Texas
10. Which treaty brought an end to the War of 1812?
A.
the Treaty of Ghent
B.
the Treaty of Versailles
C.
the Treaty of Paris
D.
the Adams-Onís Treaty
11. Which was one of the disputes that existed between the United States and Great Britain and
contributed to the outbreak of the War of 1812?
A.
Great Britain was blockading the American coast and was interfering with trade.
B.
Great Britain was helping the French attack American ships.
C.
Great Britain was threatening to take back land it had lost to the U.S. in the Revolutionary War.
D.
Great Britain was angry because the United States had been attacking British ships.
12. Many Americans were ready to start a war with the British after which incident?
A.
the XYZ Affair
B.
the Chesapeake Affair
C.
the Whiskey Rebellion
D.
Shays' Rebellion
13. Why were Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and other members of the House of Representatives
known as the War Hawks?
A.
They only wanted the U.S. to fight if it had been attacked.
B.
They were eager to declare war on Great Britain.
C.
They were eager to start a war against France.
D.
They had been heroes in the American Revolutionary War.
14. Which is one of the ways that Great Britain interfered with American exports in the years
before the War of 1812?
A.
Great Britain refused to export goods to the United States.
B.
Great Britain refused to purchase goods exported from the United States.
C.
Great Britain blockaded the American coast to prevent U.S ships from exporting goods to France.
D.
Great Britain imposed high tariffs on American goods that were exported to Great Britain.
15. Which battle of the War of 1812 occurred after the Treaty of Ghent had been signed?
A.
Battle of Fort Detroit
B.
Battle of Lake Erie
C.
Battle of Baltimore
D.
Battle of New Orleans
16. Which term describes the British policy of taking American sailors and forcing them to work on
British ships?
A.
hijacking
B.
piracy
C.
impressment
D.
smuggling
17. Which of the following battles was part of the War of 1812?
A.
Battle of Saratoga
B.
Battle of Trenton
C.
Battle of Baltimore
D.
Battle of Yorktown
18. There were several different reasons which led to the War of 1812. Which of the following is
considering the central dispute which led to the War of 1812?
A.
dispute over control of the land that is presently Florida
B.
the United States seeking independence from England
C.
disputes over English taxes and tariffs levied in the United States
D.
impressment of American soldiers by the British
19. Which of the following patriotic songs was written by Francis Scott Key as he looked over the
remains from the War of 1812's Battle of Baltimore?
A.
"You're a Grand Old Flag"
B.
"America the Beautiful"
C.
"God Bless America"
D.
"The Star-Spangled Banner"
20. In the War of 1812, the United States was waging war against which of the following
countries?
A.
Russia
B.
Japan
C.
Great Britain
D.
Mexico
Foreign Policies and War of 1812 Quiz Answers
1. D
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. B
14. C
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. D
19. D
20. C
Explanations
1. In 1795, U.S. minister to Great Britain Thomas Pinckney negotiated a treaty with Spain which
allowed American boats to sail on the Mississippi River and to use the port at New Orleans without
paying duties to Spain. The Pinckney Treaty also set the border between Georgia and Florida,
which was controlled by Spain at the time.
2. The Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine, was a treaty between the
United States and France. Under this agreement, the two countries ended the alliance that they
had formed in 1778 in which both countries agreed to help out the other country in the case of an
attack by Great Britain.
3. The Non-Intercourse Act was passed in 1809 and replaced the Embargo Act of 1807. According
to the Embargo Act, the United States was prohibited from exporting goods to any country. The
Embargo Act was meant to punish France and Great Britain, but it actually hurt the United States
more. Under the Non-Intercourse Act, the United States could trade with any country except
France or Great Britain.
4. France started seizing American ships after the United States had signed the Jay Treaty with
Great Britain. President John Adams sent Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry to
France to negotiate with the French. In France, the three Americans met with three French agents
who demanded that the Americans pay them a bribe and loan France a large sum of money before
the Americans could negotiate with French officials. The Americans refused the agents' requests
and came back to the United States. John Adams sent a report to Congress using the letters X, Y,
and Z instead of the French agents' real names, and the ordeal became known as the XYZ Affair.
5. According to the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the Mississippi River was the western border of the
United States. Great Britain, however, still had troops stationed in land that was owned by the
United States. Under the terms of the Jay Treaty, Great Britain agreed to withdraw troops that had
been stationed in the Northwest Territory.
6. At the time of the Embargo Act of 1807, Great Britain and France were fighting in a war, and
both countries wanted to restrict trade with the other country. Both countries said they would
attack ships heading to their enemy's ports. The United States, which had been exporting goods to
both countries, passed the Embargo Act, which prohibited American exports to all foreign ports.
The United States hoped to stay out of the conflict and protect American ships. The Embargo Act
actually hurt American trade. It was only in effect until 1809, when the Non-Intercourse Act was
passed. The Non-Intercourse Act allowed Americans to export to all countries except Great Britain
or France.
7. With the breakout of war between France and Great Britain in 1793, the United States found
itself in a difficult diplomatic position. It had signed an agreement with France several years earlier,
but the United States chose not to participate in the war. George Washington issued the
Proclamation of Neutrality, and the United States did not help either side.
8. George Washington expressed his concerns about the future of U.S. diplomatic relations in his
Farewell Address. Washington cautioned against the U.S. forming any "permanent alliances" with
other countries because he feared it would not be in the best interests of the United States.
Washington did not want the U.S. to get involved in power struggles which were taking place
among the European countries.
9. The acquisition of Canada was one of the goals of the United States in the War of 1812. The
United States failed in its attacks on Canada, and the U.S. did not gain any additional territory as a
result of the war.
10. The Treaty of Ghent was signed on December 24, 1814 in Ghent, Belgium. The treaty ended
the fighting of the War of 1812, although neither the United States nor Great Britain could claim a
victory. Neither Great Britain nor the United States gained or lost territory as a result of the war.
11. On June 1, 1812, President James Madison sent a message to Congress asking them to declare
war on Great Britain. The impressment of American sailors by Great Britain, the British blockade of
the American coast, British interference with American trade, and the British aid of Native
Americans on the frontier were the reasons that President Madison listed in his message in
justification for starting a war against the British. Congress declared war on Great Britain on June
18, 1812.
12. In 1807, sailors on the Leopard, a British warship, wanted to board the Chesapeake, an
American warship, in order to look for British deserters. The Americans refused to let the British on
board, and then the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. This action by the British angered many
Americans, and many people were ready to fight in a war against the British.
13. The War Hawks were a group of Congressmen who were displeased with the fact that Great
Britain had been interfering with American trade, and they believed Britain was also encouraging
Native Americans to attack U.S. settlers. They wanted the United States to declare war on Great
Britain. By attacking Britain, the War Hawks believed that the United States could successfully
invade Canada and possibly Florida. The War Hawks included Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C.
Calhoun of South Carolina.
14. The British did not want the United States to export goods to France, so they blockaded the
American coast to stop American ships that were sailing to France. The blockade of the American
coast was one of the reasons that the United States declared war on Great Britain in the War of
1812.
15. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the fighting between the United States and Great Britain in
the War of 1812, was signed on December 24, 1814 in Ghent, Belgium. Because of the slow
communications across the Atlantic Ocean at the time, the British and Americans continued to fight
because they were not aware that the war was over. The Battle of New Orleans took place on
January 8, 1815. Led by General Andrew Jackson, the Americans had a decisive victory over the
British.
16. The British policy of impressment was one of the factors that contributed to the War of 1812.
British ships would stop American ships and force American sailors to work on British ships. The
British did not recognize American citizenship and often claimed that the American sailors they took
were actually British subjects.
17. The War of 1812 began when the United States declared war against Great Britain on June 12,
1812. Some of the famous battles of the War of 1812 include the Battle of New Orleans, the Battle
of Baltimore, the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, and the Battle of Lake Erie.
18. The British policy of impressment was one of the factors that contributed to the War of 1812.
British ships would stop American ships and force American sailors to work on British ships. The
British did not recognize American citizenship and often claimed that the American sailors they took
were actually British subjects.
19. The Star-Spangled Banner was written on September 14, 1814 by Francis Scott Key as he
looked out over the remains of the Battle of Fort McHenry in Baltimore.
20. The War of 1812 began when the United States declared war against Great Britain on June 12,
1812. While there were several causes for the war, the central dispute surrounded the
impressment (seizing) of American soldiers by the British. Some of the famous battles of the War
of 1812 include the Battle of New Orleans, the Battle of Baltimore, the Battle of Horseshoe Bend,
and the Battle of Lake Erie.