Download The Great War: The War to End All Wars

The Great War:
The War to End All Wars
The
Causes of
World War I
Causes of World War I
●
World War 1 was also known as:
–The War to End All Wars
–The First Modern War
–The Imperialist War
–The Trench War
–The Great War
Europe
Europeduring
beforethe
thewar
war
The
TheAllied
Eastern
Powers
Front
Europe before
the war
The Western Front
WW1
is
a
two-front
war
because
Germany
The has
Central
Powers
to fight the Allies on both sides
Europe
Europebefore
after the
the war
war
New
countries!
Europe before the war
Divided empires!
New countries!
New countries!
New countries!
New countries!
Divided empires!
New countries!
Russia turns
Communist (USSR)
What Caused World War 1?
● Militarism
● Alliances
● Imperialism
● Nationalism
Imperialism
In 1898,
England
& France
In 1899,
Germany,
England,
& argued
Russia
over
rights to
to build
the
Sudan
in Africa
● The
Industrial
Revolution
led
to
argued
over
rights
a
railroad
in
India
In 1905,(the
1908,
&
1911,
Germany
&
Fashoda
Incident)
hostile
competition
imperialists
France
almost
went to waras
over
Morocco
fought over the same colonies
Militarism
●
Europeans believed their national
power was determined by their
military strength (militarism):
–The Industrial Revolution led to
large, advanced armies & navies
with new industrial weapons
–Because European countries
tried to keep up with each other,
an arms race began; This made
it difficult to settle minor
problems by talking things out
The European Arms Race:
England & Germany competed to create the
largest navies in Europe
Nationalism
France wanted
revenge against
Germany for its loss during the
● Nationalism created feelings of
Franco-Prussian War in 1871
great pride & united the citizens of
a country & led some countries to
want revenge for previous wars
German “Hymn of Hate” song:
Hate by water & hate by land;
Hate of the heart & hate of the hand;
We love as one; We hate as one;
We have but one foe alone: England
The Slavic
peoples wanted
to unite
& form
Nationalism
also divided
people;
a Slavic
nation
(Yugoslavia)
but AustriaThe most
tense
place in Europe
by 1914
Hungary
did notaswant
thisGreece,
to happen
was
the Balkans
Serbia,
Albania,
Bulgaria, & Romania all broke from the
Ottoman Empire to make new nations
Pan-Slavism
in the
Balkans,
1914
The Balkans
became a
“powder keg”
waiting for a
spark to blow up
Alliances
Germany, AustriaEngland, France, &
● Hungary,
No nation
wanted
a war
& Italy
madeto fight
Russiainmade
up by
the
up theso
Triple
Alliance
itself
nations
formedTriple
alliances:
Entente
These alliances did not make Europe
more secure, they made it more tense
Causes of WWI
●
By 1914, Europe was in
a bad position:
–Powerful European nations
had large armies & navies
–Militarism supported the idea that
war can be good & can bring glory
to nation & its people (Nationalism)
–Nations were tied together by
alliances, so if one country went to
war, the others had to go too
The Spark
• What was the
ignition point for
WWI?
• The assassination
of the AustroHungarian
archduke, Franz
Ferdinand and
his wife, Sophie
Archduke Franz Ferdinand fact file
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
Unpopular due to his marriage to Sophie
who was considered to be of lower class
Visited Sarajevo in 1914 in an
attempt to improve relations
between the monarchy and
the Bosnian people
Tensions in the Balkans
Russia & Austria-Hungary
wanted to control the Balkans
Austria-Hungary wanted
to stamp out growing Slav
nationalism
Russia saw herself as
protector of the Slavs
Both wanted access to
the Mediterranean Sea
1908:
Austria-Hungary
annexed Bosnia
Reactions to the annexation
Bosnians angry: wanted freedom
from Austria-Hungary to form a
strong Slav state with Serbia
Serbians concerned
about AustriaHungary’s aggression
The Black Hand Society
Fierce Slav nationalists:
hated Austria and
prepared to kill for
Goal:
creation of a
freedom
Greater Serbia
Secret society with
links to the Serbian
government and army
"...before God, on my honour
and my life, that I will
execute all missions and
commands without question. I
swear before God, on my
honor and on my life, that I
will take all the secrets of
this organization into my
grave with me."
28th June 1914
Saw opportunity to
assassinate the future
Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Days that Shook the World
• The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
• Part 1
• Part 2
• Part 3- stop at 4 minute mark
The Assassin:
Gavrilo
Princip
The War Begins
On July 23, Austria-Hungary
issued an ultimatum to Serbia:
–Either allow Austria-Hungarian
officials to investigate the
assassination …OR…
–Go to war
● On July 28,1914 Serbia declined
the ultimatum & Austria-Hungary
declared war on Serbia
●
Hurray! War is great!
Let’s go beat those
Germans!
How was WW1 a “world” war?
How was WW1 a “world” war?
Essential Question
● What
four factors led to
World War I?
● What alliances were formed?
● What role did nationalism
play in causing WWI?
● What is militarism?
Roots of WWI Video
(5:36)
What were the M.A.I.N Causes
of WWI?
Map Activity