Download What is Development?

What is Development?
Why is Development Important?
If the World was a Village
1.Make notes on this video, writing down as many important facts as
you can.
2. What is this video telling us about Life in MEDC’s and LEDC’s ?
Measuring development
• Development measures how economically, socially,
culturally or technologically advanced a country is. The two
most important ways of measuring development
are economic development and human development.
• Economic development is a measure of a country's wealth
and how it is generated (for example agriculture is
considered less economically advanced then banking).
• Human development measures the access the population
has to wealth, jobs, education, nutrition, health, leisure and
safety - as well as political and cultural freedom. Material
elements, such as wealth and nutrition, are described as
the standard of living. Health and leisure are often referred
to as quality of life.
Sustainable Development
Economic Development which does not harm
the countries long term development or deplete
natural resources
Rank these countries in order of
development
Development Indicators:
• GDP per capita: the wealth of a country averaged per
person.
• Birth rate: the number of live births per 1000 per year.
• Death rate: the number of deaths per 1000 per year.
• Infant Mortality Rate: the number of babies that die
before they reach one year old per 1000 people per
year.
• Life Expectancy: the average age people live to.
• Adult Literacy: the percentage of adults that can read
and write.
Development Indicator
HIC (Highly Industrialized
Country)
LIC (Less Industrialized
Country)
GDP per capita
High because job salaries are
better.
Low because most jobs aren’t
paid very well.
Birth rate
High because a lot of women
are more educated.
Death rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Life Expectancy
Adult Literacy
Rank these countries in order of how
developed you think they are…
Country
GDP (per
capita)
Population
per doctor
Life
Expectancy
(Years)
Male
illiteracy
(%)
Female
illiteracy
(%)
Urban
population
(%)
India
2,200
2,083
63
32
56
28
Spain
18,000
236
79
2
3
78
UK
22,800
610
78
1
1
89
Kenya
1,500
7,576
47
12
25
33
Ukraine
3,850
334
66
1
1
68
Niger
1,000
28,571
42
77
92
21
The Development Gap
What does this map show?
To be able to describe what is meant by the global development gap
To be able to explain how the global development gap has changed
over time
The Development Gap
The gap between the most
developed countries and the
least developed countries in
the world.
Why do you think this gap exists?
In 1980, I produced a report
which identified two major
groups of countries.
Can you identify those two
groups?
Willie Brandt
The two major groups of
countries were:
- High Income Countries (HICs)
North America, Western
Europe, Japan and Oceania
- Low Income Countries (LICs)
Africa, Asia and South America
Willie Brandt
How do you think my
report from 1980 has
changed?
Has the gap reduced
or got wider?
Willie Brandt
Life Expectancy
Money
Wealth Distribution
HIV
% of population living on less than a
dollar a day
A*Challenge:
Using the figure, describe how
incomes have changed since 1970.
Can you explain
the changes
which have
happened since
1970?
Unjumble this sentence to get a definition of
HDI
factors index life development education GNI
social and human The combines expectancy, HDI
economic attainment and like
The HDI (Human development Index)
combines social and economic factors like life
expectancy, education attainment and GNI.
Use this table of data to create a scattergraph using
GNI and life expectancy
Describe the pattern your graph shows. Use figures to
help explain your ideas
Watch this video and write down as many
problems that the developing World Faces as
you can
Aid
Aid is a transfer of resources from a MEDC to a LEDC.
Aid includes money, equipment, food, training,
skilled people and loans.
Scale
• Top-down aid
Large scale aid is called top-down aid as it is usually
given to the government of the developing country
so that they can spend it on the projects that they
need. Aid from governments tends to be given as
top-down aid.
• Bottom-up aid ?
Small scale aid projects are called bottom-up aid. These
target the people most in need of the aid and help
them directly, without any government interference.
Aid from charities tends to be bottom-up aid.
Advantages of Aid
• Aid can be beneficial to MEDCs and LEDCs
• Emergency aid saves lives
• Long term aid can improve the standard of
living of people living in LEDCs
• Tied aid boosts exports and secures jobs in
MEDCs, e.g.- the arms industry
• Aid can open markets for goods from MEDCs,
e.g. food aid
Disadvantages of Aid
• Aid is frequently in the form of a loan and LEDCs sink
further into debt
• Food aid may cause local prices to fall and put local
farmers out of business
• Tied Aid may force LEDCs to buy inappropriate
technology, e.g. combine harvesters
• Corrupt Officials may pocket aid or rich landowners
may benefit more than poor farmers
• Large scale infrastructure projects damage the
environment and increase the national debt, e.g.
dams & reservoirs
Types of Aid
• UK government funds many long term projects
abroad . This is called Overseas development
aid(ODA)
• Bilateral Aid –
• Aid given directly from one government to another in
the form of money, training, technology, food or
other supplies. In some cases this aid is Tied Aid,
which means it has conditions attached which will
benefit the donor country.
• Multilateral Aid • Aid which comes from a number of different
governments or organisations. It is usually arranged
by an international organisation such as the world
bank or UN. These organisations usually give to large
scale projects.
• Non-Governmental Aid • Organisations such as Oxfam and Save the Children
run projects all over the world, many of which are
small scale. They also help to organise emergency aid
after disasters. These non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) raise their money through
donations and from government grants.
• Short-Term Aid –
• This is for immediate relief in emergencies such as
famines, earthquakes, floods and droughts. This
includes money, food, blankets, tents and medical
supplies.
• Long-Term Aid –
• This is for economic and social development. Its
purpose is to improve the quality of life for people
living in LEDCs.