Download Spring Final Exam Review

Spring Final Exam Review
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1. The first factories developed in what industry?
A) agriculture
C) coal mining
B) textiles
D) iron manufacturing
2. Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because
A) it led to Japan’s triumph over Russia.
B) it caused the people to lose faith in the tsar.
C) it marked the beginning of World War I.
D) it strengthened the tsar’s power.
3. How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?
A) by fostering a belief in the importance of working as a group
B) by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe
C) by emphasizing the importance of converting people to Christianity
D) by persuading Europeans that the pursuit of wealth was all-important
4. In 1942, what priority did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin set in the war?
A) to achieve victory in Asia before trying to achieve it in Europe
B) to achieve victory in Europe before trying to achieve it in Asia
C) to open a second front in Western Europe in 1943
D) to destroy the German navy before invading Western Europe
5. In recent years, Latin American governments have been trying to promote agriculture by
A) distributing land to peasant farmers.
B) backing efforts to open more land to farming.
C) establishing collective farms.
D) encouraging the migration of people from cities to farms.
6. What was the goal of the Yalta Conference?
A) to reach an agreement on what to do with postwar Europe
B) to agree on a schedule for the invasion of France
C) to divide Europe into communist and capitalist sections
D) to compensate victims of the Holocaust
7. In the 1830s, Prussia created a union called the Zollverein, which promoted German unity by
A) establishing Frederick William IV as king of a united German state.
B) removing tariff barriers between German states.
C) banding together to fight Napoleon’s invading forces.
D) establishing German as the official language.
8. Who were the Boers?
A) Muslim traders who brought goods to Mediterranean ports
B) Indian soldiers who served the British East India Company
C) Africans who followed traditional beliefs rather than Christianity
D) Dutch farmers who settled around Cape Town
9. The Cold War ended when
A) the Berlin Wall fell.
B) the Soviet Union collapsed.
C) Mikhail Gorbachev was deposed by a military coup.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize.
10. Many older members of the European Union (EU) think that the expansion of the EU into Eastern Europe will
A) hasten the demise of NATO.
B) trigger a massive devaluation of the euro.
C) weaken the EU’s overall economy.
D) strengthen the EU’s overall economy.
11. The interest of Europeans in Iran intensified with what discovery in the region?
A) oil
C) gold
B) copper
D) diamonds
12. What was a result of Gorbachev’s perestroika?
A) The success of capitalism encouraged more reforms.
B) Shortages grew worse and prices soared.
C) Polish nationalists demanded more Soviet control.
D) The Soviet Union ended the Warsaw Pact.
13. Who was the first leader of an independent Brazil?
A) Simón Bolívar
C) John VI
B) Antonio Nariño
D) Pedro I
14. Why did Japanese forces attack Manchuria?
A) because their emperor ordered them to do so
B) to gain control of its rich natural resources
C) to keep Manchuria from attacking Japan
D) to stop terrorist activity in the region
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15. Before the rise of the Ottoman Empire, Anatolia was a
A) part of the Christian Byzantine Empire.
B) region consisting of a number of small, independent Turkish states.
C) country ruled by a Mongolian king.
D) part of western Persia.
16. U.S.-led forces attacked Iraq in 2003 after Iraq
A) resisted full cooperation with UN weapons inspectors.
B) invaded Kuwait.
C) invaded Iran.
D) went to war against Israel.
17. Which revolutionary leader helped Argentina win freedom from Spain?
A) José de San Martín
C) Toussaint L’Ouverture
B) Agustín de Iturbide
D) Simón Bolívar
18. Which of the following revolutionaries wanted to unite all of South America into the Federation of the Andes?
A) José de San Martín
C) José María Morelos
B) Pedro I
D) Simón Bolívar
19. What was a goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848?
A) to overthrow King Frederick William IV
B) to end Hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments
C) to end French occupation of northern Italy
D) to unite the Italian states into one country
20. Which group consisted of dissenters who sought to change Catholic practices in the Church of England?
A) Cavaliers
C) Huguenots
B) Jacobins
D) Puritans
21. “The greatest happiness for the greatest number” was a goal of
A) communism.
C) capitalism.
B) socialism.
D) utilitarianism.
22. Conflict between the Tutsis and Hutus led to civil war in the nations of Rwanda and
A) Sudan.
C) Mozambique.
B) Burundi.
D) Zimbabwe.
23. Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?
A) a general rise in the standard of living
B) an overall decline in population
C) the overall poverty of the working class
D) a general decline in the standard of living
24. The rise to power of the Tokugawa family resulted in
A) the First Sino-Japanese War.
C) the Westernization of Japan.
B) the end of feudalism in Japan.
D) Japanese isolation.
25. Robespierre believed that France could achieve a “republic of virtue” only through
A) the use of terror.
C) extending suffrage to more citizens.
B) electing a strong, absolute ruler.
D) observing strict religious laws.
26. In Spanish colonial society, creoles were
A) people of Native American and European descent.
B) people born in Spain who were living in the Americas.
C) people of African and European descent.
D) native-born descendants of Spanish settlers.
27. What was one result of the Sepoy Rebellion?
A) Parliament ended the rule of the East India Company.
B) The Sepoys won representation in the British colonial government.
C) The British were driven out of the Hindu area of India.
D) The British no longer used Sepoys in their army.
28. Which of the following revolutionary leaders came to oppose the violent excesses of the Revolution?
A) Jean-Paul Marat
C) Olympe de Gouges
B) George-Jacques Danton
D) Maximilien Robespierre
29. Meiji reformers chose to model the new Japanese government after the government of
A) the United States.
C) the Netherlands.
B) Germany.
D) Great Britain.
30. Part of the legacy of the French Revolution is that
A) citizens’ rights in Europe were never again restricted.
B) it has discouraged revolutions worldwide for 200 years.
C) all European monarchies became democracies.
D) it has inspired people to fight for their rights in other parts of the world.
31. The Dual Monarchy was a combination of
A) Austria and Hungary.
C) Austria and Germany.
B) Germany and Hungary.
D) Germany and France.
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32. What Egyptian leader nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956?
A) Hosni Mubarak
C) Anwar Sadat
B) King Farouk
D) Gamal Abdel Nasser
33. What was the eventual result of Sun Yixian’s efforts to rebuild China based on the Three Principles of the People?
A) Sun wrote the Chinese Constitution.
B) China fell into chaos and Sun stepped down.
C) Jiang Jieshi embraced communism.
D) Foreign powers established a democracy.
34. What did the Soviet Union do during Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939?
A) It seized part of Finland, Estonia, and Latvia.
B) It attacked Poland from the east as part of the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
C) It filed a protest with the League of Nations.
D) It formed an alliance with Britain and France.
35. China’s Great Leap Forward resulted in
A) better relations with the Soviet Union.
B) the creation of an extensive transportation network in the country.
C) sharp drops in agricultural production and widespread famine.
D) an increase in both imports and exports as the economy improved.
36. Portugal refused to comply with the Continental System because
A) its people resented having a foreign ruler.
B) it did not have enough young men to spare for the draft.
C) it depended on its trade with Great Britain.
D) it depended on its trade with France.
37. In 1931, Japanese ultranationalists seized the Chinese province of
A) Mongolia.
C) Canton.
B) Manchuria.
D) Korea.
38. What event led to a decisive shift away from isolationism in the United States?
A) the attack on Pearl Harbor
B) the Battle of Britain
C) the sinking of American ships by German submarines
D) the discovery of Auschwitz
39. According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was
A) laws requiring factories to increase wages.
B) popular reform movements.
C) welfare.
D) an unrestricted free market.
40. The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by
A) raising taxes on property.
C) instituting an income tax.
B) selling Church lands.
D) selling lands owned by Louis XVI.
41. Mercantilists would advocate that a nation do which of the following?
A) Buy more goods than it sells to foreign countries.
B) Import more goods than it exports.
C) Remove all barriers to free trade.
D) Sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries.
42. What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England?
A) Henry VIII wanted a divorce.
B) Henry VIII converted to Lutheranism.
C) The pope rejected the Act of Supremacy.
D) The pope would not end Church corruption.
43. The United States helped to end apartheid in South Africa by
A) sending UN peacekeepers to South Africa.
B) imposing economic sanctions on South Africa.
C) authorizing NATO air strikes on South Africa.
D) providing aid to South African insurgent groups.
44. Joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to
A) raise large amounts of capital.
B) organize guilds to protect workers.
C) negotiate treaties with foreign nations.
D) control the effects of inflation.
45. What goal did Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo di Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi all have in common?
A) the unification of Germany
B) the return of Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire
C) a democratic republic in Italy
D) the unification of Italy
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46. What happened to the defeated Chinese Nationalists?
A) They were all killed by the communists.
B) They fled to the Soviet Union.
C) They fled to North Vietnam.
D) They fled to the island of Taiwan.
47. What contributed to the start of the English Civil War?
A) Charles I refused to sign the English Bill of Rights.
B) Parliament executed the chief ministers of Charles I.
C) Parliament refused to approve the Act of Supremacy.
D) Charles I refused to sign the Petition of Right.
48. The militarists who came to power in Japan in the 1930s
A) forced Japanese to wear Western-style clothes.
B) used schools to teach students absolute obedience to the emperor.
C) redistributed lands to Japanese peasants.
D) dismantled the Japanese civilian government.
49. The United States gained control of the land for the Panama Canal by
A) invading Panama and seizing the land.
B) helping the Panamanians win independence from Spain.
C) helping the Panamanian revolt against Colombia in exchange for the land.
D) backing an invasion of Panama by Colombia.
50. What pushed the British to help create the independent nations of Pakistan and India in 1947?
A) The Congress Party demanded the creation of Pakistan.
B) Minority Tamils demanded a separate nation.
C) Hindus wanted a separate nation for the outcastes.
D) The Muslim League demanded the creation of Pakistan.
51. French Indochina was made up of
A) China, Vietnam, and Thailand.
C) China, India, and Burma.
B) Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
D) Java, the Moluccas, and Malaya.
52. What was a reason why Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990?
A) to set up an Islamic government in Kuwait
B) to create a separate state for Iraq’s Shiite Arabs
C) to stop guerilla attacks launched from Kuwait
D) to gain greater access to the Persian Gulf
53. How did the Chinese economy fare under the Qing dynasty?
A) Farm output increased and Chinese industry expanded.
B) Internal markets declined due to widespread civil war.
C) The economy boomed due to expanding trade with Europe.
D) Internal markets declined due to widespread famine.
54. How did the League of Nations respond when Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931?
A) It insisted that the United States solve the problem.
B) It condemned Japan’s action but did nothing to stop it.
C) It launched an assault against the invading forces.
D) It sent arms and supplies to the Manchurians.
55. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were social reform programs led by which leader?
A) Ho Chi Minh
C) Mao Zedong
B) Kim Il Sung
D) Pol Pot
56. Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists
A) used Latin as their language for scholarship.
B) rejected the learning of Greece and Rome.
C) tended to focus more on spirituality.
D) tended to focus more on worldly subjects.
57. Bolshevik opponents came to be called
A) Marxists.
C) the White Army.
B) the Red Army.
D) Soviets.
58. The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between the
A) English and Dutch.
C) Spanish and Portuguese.
B) Spanish and English.
D) Portuguese and Dutch.
59. The Nuremberg Laws
A) deported all Jews from Germany for the first time.
B) defined a person as Jewish based on ancestry of grandparents, not religious beliefs.
C) allowed Jewish people to reclaim their citizenship if they renounced their faith.
D) aimed at including Jews in mainstream life in Germany.
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60. People who advocated social democracy wanted to
A) elect Karl Marx president of the United States.
B) move from capitalism to socialism by democratic means.
C) move from capitalism to socialism through a revolution.
D) establish utopias around the world.
61. Which countries were members of the Triple Alliance?
A) France, Russia, Britain
C) Germany, Italy, Russia
B) Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
D) Austria-Hungary, Germany, Japan
62. In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal
A) property rights.
C) voting rights.
B) education.
D) employment opportunities.
63. What helped drive the tremendous growth of the U.S. economy after World War II?
A) new oil supplies
C) an agricultural revolution
B) consumer spending
D) rising interest rates
64. When the Soviet Union collapsed, what happened to its stockpiles of nuclear materials?
A) They became difficult to maintain and secure.
B) They were destroyed by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
C) They were used up in nuclear power plants throughout Russia.
D) They were bought by the United States and destroyed.
65. Which of the following is considered to be a benefit of global trade?
A) It works best under a system of central planning.
B) It can only work in democratic nations.
C) It exposes people to new ideas and technology.
D) It almost always encourages sustainability.
66. What caused the War of Austrian Succession?
A) the rivalry between the Hapsburgs and the Hohenzollerns
B) the launch of the Spanish Armada
C) the death of Frederick the Great without a male heir
D) the Holy Roman Emperor’s attempt to combat Protestantism
67. One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting
A) well-known people of the day.
B) large, Gothic-style buildings.
C) stylized rather than realistic people.
D) scenes that appeared two-dimensional.
68. According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was
A) shared ownership by the people of the means of production.
B) the charity and good works of the religious community.
C) individual ownership of the means of production.
D) armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat.
69. The October Manifesto was issued in response to
A) the assassination of Alexander II.
C) Bloody Sunday.
B) the Franco-Prussian War.
D) the Russian Revolution of 1905.
70. Which of the following was one of Sun Yixian’s “Three Principles of the People?”
A) shared ownership of the means of production
B) redistribution of property
C) economic security for all Chinese
D) government based on Confucian tradition
71. During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?
A) People began selling their goods instead of trading them.
B) People learned to use machines to make their own clothes.
C) People migrated from rural areas to cities.
D) People migrated from villages to work on large farms.
72. What did the Palestinians get in the 1993 Oslo Accord?
A) the “right of return” to Israeli territory
B) Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories
C) limited self-rule in Gaza and the West Bank
D) East Jerusalem as the capital of their new state
73. Stalin attempted to make the cultural life of the Soviet Union more Russian by promoting a policy of
A) tsarism.
C) surrealism.
B) capitalism.
D) Russification.
74. Conservative leaders in Latin America in the 1800s believed in
A) religious toleration.
C) freedom of the press.
B) laissez-faire economics.
D) the traditional social order.
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75. Why did Britain begin exporting opium to China?
A) to prevent opium from going to British subjects
B) to improve the health of Chinese citizens
C) to change the balance of trade in favor of Britain
D) to make colonization of China easier
76. How did India change its approach to developing its economy in the early 1980s?
A) It shifted to more of a free-market system.
B) It nationalized major industries.
C) It developed its oil and natural gas resources.
D) It increased government control of the economy.
77. The ideas of liberals were sometimes called “bourgeois liberalism” because liberals spoke mostly for the
A) established church.
C) middle class.
B) monarchy.
D) common man.
78. Begun in the early 1980s in China, Deng Xiaoping’s Four Modernizations program was designed to
A) introduce some features of a free market.
B) increase government control of the economy.
C) introduce limited democratic reforms.
D) help to control population growth.
79. Which of the following did Winston Churchill use as an image to describe the division of Europe?
A) the Grand Canyon
C) a steel fist
B) a closed door
D) an iron curtain
80. How did Agustín de Iturbide become emperor of Mexico?
A) by cultivating the favor of the Roman Catholic Church and receiving the title from the pope
B) by marrying the daughter of the king of Spain
C) by bringing together creoles, peninsulares, royalists, and revolutionaries
D) by overthrowing the democratically-elected government in a bloodless coup d’etat
81. One result of the October Manifesto was
A) a bloody revolution.
C) the establishment of zemstvos.
B) the establishment of the Duma.
D) the rise of the Socialists.
82. What did the British and French do at the Munich Conference in 1938 to avoid war?
A) They persuaded the Soviet Union to allow Germany to occupy Poland.
B) They persuaded the Czechs to surrender the Sudetenland.
C) They persuaded Austria to give in to German occupation.
D) They persuaded Belgium to allow the occupation of Luxembourg.
83. As independence neared for British India, the Congress Party wanted to
A) ensure the independence of Kashmir, which was mainly Hindu.
B) partition the subcontinent into the separate countries of Pakistan and India.
C) have a unified India that would include both Muslims and Hindus.
D) ensure the independence of the Sikh state of Punjab.
84. What was the reaction in 1947 to the United Nations plan to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states?
A) The Arabs accepted the plan, but the Jews rejected it.
B) The Christians lobbied for their own separate state.
C) The Syrians immediately seized part of Palestine.
D) The Jews accepted the plan, but the Arabs rejected it.
85. Nationalism remained a problem under the Dual Monarchy because
A) Magyars felt they should have special privileges.
B) ethnic minorities continued to seek self-government.
C) Marxists spread discontent.
D) Franz Joseph I was not a strong leader.
86. Which of the following is the best explanation for Russia’s entrance into World War I?
A) Russia wanted to defend the Slavic peoples in Serbia.
B) Russia wanted to punish Serbia for encouraging terrorism.
C) Russia wanted to avoid facing Germany alone at a later date.
D) Russia stood by its one dependable ally, Austria-Hungary.
87. Which series of events led to World War I?
A) An Austrian-Hungarian nobleman was assassinated, Germany moved to support Austria, and Great Britain
declared war on Germany.
B) Germany declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to support Serbia, and Great Britain declared war on Russia.
C) Austria took over Bosnia, Serbia declared war on Austria, and Germany declared war on Serbia.
D) Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to support Serbia, and Germany declared war on
Russia.
88. Britain passed the Navigation Acts to
A) support free trade in the colonies.
B) encourage world exploration.
C) regulate colonial trade and manufacturing.
D) crack down on smugglers.
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89. Which of the following groups seized complete control of Russia in 1917?
A) the Serbian nationalists
C) the Whites
B) the Black Hand
D) the Bolsheviks
90. The Boer War was sparked by
A) the migration of Boers into British territory.
B) the discovery of gold and diamonds on Boer-held lands.
C) the desire of the British to take Cape Colony from the Dutch.
D) the migration of Boers into Zulu territory.
91. What was a cause of Stalin’s Great Purge?
A) The kuklaks resisted collectivization.
B) Stalin feared rival party leaders.
C) Central planners did not achieve production goals.
D) Peasants did not want to give up their land to the state.
92. To defend their merchant ships against attacks from German submarines, the Allies
A) suspended the transport of supplies by ship.
B) resorted to trench warfare.
C) organized the merchant ships into convoys.
D) began shipping supplies using zeppelins.
93. What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?
A) Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church.
B) Each German prince could decide the religion for his lands.
C) Martin Luther recanted his 95 Theses.
D) The Catholic Church banned the sale of indulgences.
94. What was a major cause of conflict within the empire of King Charles V?
A) Charles fought his brother in a series of religious wars.
B) Charles suppressed Protestantism in the German states.
C) Saxons invaded France and tried to occupy Paris.
D) Ottoman forces overran much of southern France.
95. Which of following was written by Denis Diderot in order to promote knowledge?
A) Two Treatises on Government
C) Leviathan
B) Candide
D) the Encyclopedia
96. Which of the following was one of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
A) a statement of American neutrality in World War I
B) the division of Russia into East Russia and West Russia
C) a call for a large-scale increase in the production of arms
D) the right of Eastern Europeans to choose their own form of government
97. Hitler decided to invade the Soviet Union because
A) the Soviets had betrayed him by seizing the Baltic states.
B) the Soviets had helped the British at Dunkirk.
C) he wanted to protect the Germans living in Russia.
D) he wanted the Soviet Union’s vast natural resources.
98. In Ming China, why did European traders pay for Chinese silks and porcelains in gold or silver instead of exchanging trade goods?
A) The Chinese offered lower prices when paid in gold or silver.
B) The Chinese did not want inferior European trade goods.
C) Gold and silver was easier for the Europeans to transport.
D) The Europeans had more gold and silver than trade goods.
99. What was a key characteristic of fascism in the 1920s and 1930s?
A) open political debate
C) supremacy of the state
B) glorification of human reason
D) pursuit of a classless society
100. The rights outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen did not extend to
A) the First Estate.
C) the bourgeoisie.
B) the workers.
D) women.
101. In the 1991 Gulf War, the goal of the U.S.-led coalition was to
A) destroy Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction.
B) remove Saddam Hussein from power.
C) gain control of Iraq’s oil fields.
D) drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.
102. Which foods were first introduced to the Americas by Europeans through the Columbian Exchange?
A) wheat and grapes
C) rice and peppers
B) corn and potatoes
D) tomatoes and pumpkins
103. The Ming dynasty declined because
A) Zheng He depleted the government’s treasury and was unable to provide for the people.
B) competition among heirs to the throne led to a divided dynasty.
C) Europeans began to colonize China.
D) a combination of high taxes and crop failures led to rebellions.
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104. Which of the following was a Social Darwinist argument in favor of Western imperialism?
A) Increased trade would benefit all peoples.
B) Western nations needed outlets for their growing populations.
C) Westerners thought they had a duty to bring their civilization to inferior races.
D) Colonies would bring wealth and prestige to the home country.
105. Why were William and Mary crowned king and queen of England?
A) to prevent a Puritan monarch from occupying the throne
B) to end the English Civil War
C) to prevent a Catholic monarch from occupying the throne
D) to restore the English monarchy
106. The mercantile system in Britain was replaced by
A) laissez-faire economics.
C) entrepreneurship.
B) socialism.
D) department stores.
107. What theory applied the idea of natural selection to the development of business and society?
A) capitalism
C) Social Darwinism
B) social gospel
D) socialism
108. What were the Young Turks fighting against in 1908?
A) independence from the Ottoman Empire
B) religious freedom
C) reforms and a representative government
D) the absolute power of the sultan
109. The Spanish colonial economy was based largely on
A) exports of Native American weaving and pottery.
B) tobacco farming.
C) fur and fish trading.
D) the mining of gold and silver.
110. What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution?
A) republic
C) absolute monarchy
B) limited monarchy
D) democracy
111. Desiderius Erasmus’s works were censored in Paris and condemned by the Church because
A) his works fanned the flames of discontent with the Church.
B) he had become a Protestant.
C) he was convicted of witchcraft.
D) his works advocated a return to the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.
112. The Truman Doctrine was rooted in the idea of
A) pacifism.
C) containment.
B) appeasement.
D) aggression.
113. The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist
A) Leonardo da Vinci.
C) Piero della Francesca.
B) Michelangelo Buonarroti.
D) Sandro Botticelli.
114. The U.S. strategy of “island-hopping” in the Pacific
A) pushed Japanese forces into the jungles of Burma and Malaya.
B) was a failure, forcing the U.S. to use atomic weapons.
C) allowed the U.S. to gradually move north toward Japan.
D) quickly weakened the resolve of Japanese soldiers.
115. Which country was able to preserve its independence by defeating Italian invaders in 1896?
A) Algeria
C) Congo.
B) Rhodesia
D) Ethiopia
116. Which minority group has faced harsh discrimination in the countries of Turkey and Iraq?
A) Palestinians
C) Kurds
B) Bengalis
D) Persians
117. What action did the Western Allies take after World War II that caused the Soviets to strengthen their hold on East Germany?
A) They helped western Germany rebuild its economy.
B) They encouraged rebellion in Soviet satellite states.
C) They disputed the Soviet occupation of East Berlin.
D) They fortified the border with East Germany.
118. Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi
A) called for an increase in the purchase of British goods.
B) called for the violent overthrow of the British.
C) preached that the power of love could change wrongdoers.
D) rejected Western ideas about democracy.
119. Which of the following resulted from the October Revolution in Russia?
A) Russia negotiated for peace with the Allies.
B) Russia became a communist country.
C) A provisional government was formed.
D) The Soviet Union was formed.
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120. How did Hobbes and Rousseau differ?
A) Rousseau believed an absolute monarchy was essential; Hobbes did not.
B) Hobbes believed people needed protection from government; Rousseau did not.
C) Rousseau believed in the idea of a social contract; Hobbes did not.
D) Rousseau believed people were naturally good; Hobbes did not.
121. Who did King Leopold II hire to explore the Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties with African leaders?
A) Sir Hiram Maxim.
C) Henry Stanley.
B) Dr. David Livingstone.
D) Cecil Rhodes.
122. The Reign of Terror resulted in
A) increased foreign opposition to the French Revolution.
B) peace throughout France.
C) a strengthened National Assembly.
D) the election of Robespierre to the presidency.
123. The United Arab Republic was an example of
A) colonization.
C) socialism.
B) Pan-Arabism.
D) Zionism.
124. Which of the following events caused Britain to fight in World War I?
A) Germany invaded Belgium.
B) Germany invaded Russia.
C) Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum.
D) Russia joined France to fight Austria.
125. What enabled the Ottomans to expand beyond Anatolia?
A) the assistance of Serbs in the Balkans
B) a powerful military and gunpowder weapons
C) their tolerance of other cultures and religions
D) Christianity’s decline in the Byzantine Empire
126. Which best describes political motives driving the new European imperialism in Africa?
A) Europeans believed they had much to learn from Africans.
B) Population decline led European countries to look to Africa for workers to fuel industrialization in home
countries.
C) European leaders believed that controlling colonies would gain them more respect from other leaders.
D) European leaders wanted to develop industry in Africa and reap their profits.
127. Bismarck introduced many social reforms in Germany because he wanted to
A) avoid a socialist revolution.
B) win votes for reelection.
C) fulfill the state’s obligation to its people.
D) move the country toward democracy.
128. Islamic fundamentalism is a conservative reform movement whose goal is to
A) install secular governments in the Middle East.
B) install governments that strictly followed Sharia.
C) reduce global reliance on oil and natural gas.
D) write constitutions that guarantee equal rights.
129. The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from Enlightenment thinker
A) Locke.
C) Voltaire.
B) Montesquieu.
D) Rousseau.
130. What caused the start of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980?
A) The Iraqis seized a disputed border region.
B) The Iranians oppressed Sunni Arabs in Iran.
C) The Iranians seized the city of Basrah.
D) The Iraqis invaded Kuwait near Iran’s border.
131. During the Vietnam War, the Tet Offensive
A) was a major victory for Chinese forces.
B) brought the United States into the war.
C) turned American public opinion against the war.
D) was North Vietnam’s final offensive.
132. How did Joseph Stalin punish Ukrainians who resisted collectivization?
A) He took away their land.
B) He labeled them “enemies of the people.”
C) He withheld all food from the region.
D) He closed churches in the region.
133. In the early 1930s, which of the following contributed to the spread of economic problems around the world?
A) Global trade rose dramatically.
B) Governments raised tariffs to protect their economies.
C) The Allies overpaid their war debts to the United States.
D) The U.S. Federal Reserve lowered interest rates.
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134. Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917 during the November revolution?
A) Gregory Rasputin.
C) Karl Marx.
B) V.I. Lenin.
D) Joseph Stalin.
135. During the Tokugawa period the role of the samurai changed because
A) feudalism disappeared.
C) the emperor gained power.
B) Confucianism gained in popularity.
D) peace put the samurai out of work.
136. What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people?
A) Thomas Hobbes
C) René Descartes
B) Voltaire
D) John Locke
137. According to anti-globalizers, what effect does globalization often have on developing nations?
A) It encourages development that is too slow.
B) It helps to achieve sustainability.
C) It creates economic specialization.
D) It eliminates economic specialization.
138. In Nicaragua’s civil war that began in 1979, why did the United States support the contras against the Sandinistas?
A) The contras promised to end the drug trade.
B) The contras were anti-communist.
C) The contras promised aid to the poor.
D) The contras promised land reforms.
139. The Indian National Congress was formed to
A) push for Indian self-rule.
B) push for a separate Muslim state.
C) advise the British in setting Indian policy.
D) make laws for British-controlled India.
140. The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to
A) explore the coast of Africa.
B) find a water route around Africa to India.
C) discover new lands.
D) spread Christianity.
141. The population of Europe exploded between 1800 and 1900 in large part because
A) cities eliminated slums.
B) couples had more children.
C) couples started families at a younger age.
D) medical advances reduced the death rate.
142. One consequence of the Green Revolution was that
A) farms needed more labor, drawing workers away from cities.
B) crop prices rose, making food too expensive for the poor.
C) production increased, resulting in crops going to waste.
D) crop prices dropped, forcing small farmers out of business.
143. Before World War II, Hitler’s Nazi government
A) passed restrictive laws severely limiting the rights of Jews.
B) sent Einsatzgruppen into the Soviet Union.
C) did not limit the rights of any German citizens.
D) outlawed emigration.
144. In 1800, Austria was ruled by the oldest ruling house in Europe, called the
A) Romanovs.
C) Hapsburgs.
B) Bourbons.
D) Hohenzollerns.
145. For the Soviet Union, what was the turning point in the war in Europe?
A) the Battle of Iwo Jima
C) the Battle of Midway
B) their victory at Stalingrad
D) the end of the Siege of Leningrad
146. When the Mughal empire weakened, British and French armies fought for power in India with the help of Indian troops known as
A) Boers.
C) rajahs.
B) Gurkhas.
D) sepoys.
147. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the economy of Italy in the years after unification?
A) Widespread poverty and unemployment led to violence and emigration.
B) Plentiful land and a well-developed transportation network resulted in a nation of small, prosperous farmers.
C) Rising industry led to rapid urbanization and a modern economy.
D) The unification of industrial, agricultural, and banking states led to a strong national economy.
148. The purpose of apartheid in South Africa was to
A) discourage African nationalism.
B) undermine Pan-Africanism.
C) prepare colonial South Africans for independence.
D) ensure white economic, political, and social supremacy.
149. According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is
A) a federal republic.
C) an absolute monarchy.
B) a democracy.
D) a theocracy.
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150. The Reign of Terror gave way to the Directory phase of the revolution in which the dominant political force was the
A) Council of Virtue.
C) Jacobins.
B) Girondins.
D) bourgeoisie.
151. Chinese who turned to the revolutionary ideas of Marx and Lenin gained strong support from
A) the United States.
C) Japan.
B) Jiang Jieshi and his Nationalist party.
D) the Soviet Union.
152. What was the immediate cause of the Sepoy Mutiny?
A) the refusal of Hindu priests of Delhi to support Christian rule in India
B) the requirement that Indian soldiers bite off the end of an ammunition cartridge greased with animal fat
C) widespread political imprisonment and random executions
D) the requirement that the sepoys practice sati
153. The ascension of William and Mary to the throne of England became known as the
A) Puritan Revolution.
C) English Civil War.
B) Restoration.
D) Glorious Revolution.
154. Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because
A) he feared that vaccinations would cause disease.
B) vaccinations were not yet effective enough to control disease.
C) vaccinations were too expensive for the poor.
D) disease was a natural means of population control.
155. Why did Ming emperors decide to isolate China?
A) They were disappointed with the tribute gained from Zheng He’s voyages.
B) They did not want to divert people’s attention from building the Great Wall.
C) They thought European weapons might cause the peasants to rebel.
D) They disliked the influence of the Europeans and sought to preserve China’s traditions.
156. Ulrich Zwingli founded a church in Switzerland that had which of these at its base?
A) secularism
C) humanism
B) theocracy
D) democracy
157. What did the Nazi-Soviet Pact accomplish for Germany?
A) It gave Germany a free hand in Poland.
B) It gave Germany a free hand in the Sudentenland.
C) It allowed the union of Germany and Hungary.
D) It allowed the union of Austria and Germany.
158. Which of the following were writers of the realism movement?
A) Gustave Courbet and Thomas Eakins
B) William Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe Shelley
C) Edgar Degas and Georges Seurat
D) Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo
159. Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of
A) wages and prices.
C) saving and investment.
B) supply and demand.
D) manufacturing and trade.
160. Which of the following was a result of the Russo-Japanese War?
A) Japan gained control of Korea.
B) Russia gained control of parts of Manchuria.
C) Russia gained control of Korea.
D) Japan gained control of Taiwan.
161. The English colonies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were mainly set up as
A) havens for persecuted religious groups.
B) a place to send convicts from English prisons.
C) military outposts to drive out the French.
D) fur-trading outposts organized for profit.
162. Britain’s colonial empire fueled the development of industry in that country because
A) the nation had access to vast amounts of raw materials.
B) colonies provided slave labor for growing industries.
C) workers in the colonies earned far less than workers in Britain.
D) the war machine required quick and efficient production of goods.
163. One effect of the Thirty Years’ War was
A) the unification of Germany.
B) the outlawing of mercenaries.
C) the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
D) the severe depopulation of Europe.
164. David Livingstone believed that opening the interior of Africa to Christianity and trade would
A) spark revolts across Africa.
B) end the slave trade.
C) rob Africans of their culture and traditions.
D) reduce African resistance to European imperialism.
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165. Toussaint L’Ouverture led a revolt that eventually resulted in independence for
A) Haiti.
C) Mexico.
B) Argentina.
D) Brazil.
166. In the 1700s, Latin American political and social life was dominated by the
A) creoles.
C) mestizos.
B) mulattoes.
D) peninsulares.
167. Following Islamic law, the Ottomans
A) required all non-Muslims to join the military.
B) forced all their subjects to convert to Islam.
C) killed all people who were not Muslim.
D) allowed religious freedom.
168. In the Zimmermann note, Germany offered which of the following to Mexico if it joined the Central Powers?
A) rule over the North American continent
B) 3 trillion dollars in gold
C) a fleet of submarines
D) the return of Mexican lands held by the United States
169. Which of the following Mughal leaders came into conflict with the Sikhs?
A) Jahangir
C) Akbar
B) Babur
D) Shah Jahan
170. The establishment of the “putting-out system” would later lead to
A) capital and labor joining for the first time.
B) the use of guilds to increase industrial production.
C) capitalist-owned factories of the Industrial Revolution.
D) community-owned manufacturing businesses.
171. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because
A) framers believed the nation needed a stronger system of government.
B) some people argued the Constitution did not protect the rights of citizens.
C) Americans believed in equality and justice for all.
D) leaders needed some guidance on how to create an effective court system.
172. The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by
A) restoring Napoleon to the throne.
C) restoring hereditary monarchies.
B) establishing a republic in France.
D) combining France and Belgium.