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Chapter 13 Reconstruction and the New South Section 1 Objectives • Describe the hopes and expectations that African Americans in the South had for their lives as freedpeople • Relate how President Lincoln and Congress differed over plans for Reconstruction. • Explain how President Johnson’s programs benefitted former Confederates. • Evaluate how the Black Codes affected freedpeople. • • • • Describe the hopes and expectations that African Americans in the South had for their lives as freedpeople. The desire to establish churches and schools Legalize marriages Find family members who had been sold away Enjoy basic human rights Relate how President Lincoln and Congress differed over plans for Reconstruction. President Lincoln Congress Abolish slavery Abolish slavery Give amnesty to most Southerns Delay Reconstruction until a majority of each state’s white males took a loyalty oath Allow Rebel states to rejoin the Union when 10% of the residents who had voted in 1860 pledged their loyalty to the Union Explain how President Johnson’s programs benefitted former Confederates. Evaluate how the Black Codes affected freedpeople. President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan A. Benefits to Former Confederates 1. blanket pardon for most rebels 2. easy terms of readmission to the Union: states had to nullify their acts of secession, nullify slavery, and refuse to pay war debts Former Confederates Enact Black Codes A. Effects of Codes on African Americans 1. tried to deprive freedpeople of equality 2.re-establish white control over African American labor Section 2 Objectives • Describe the issues that divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era. • Explain why moderates and Radical Republicans joined forces and their actions on behalf of African Americans • Relate why President Johnson was impeached, and explain why the Senate acquitted him. • Explain why African Americans were crucial to the election of 1868 and how Republicans responded to their support. Describe the issues that divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era. • The Radical Republicans main goal of Reconstruction was to create an entirely new South and give African Americans the right to vote. • The Moderate Republicans main goal of Reconstruction was to restore the southern states to the Union, keep former Confederates out of government, and give African Americans some civil equality. Explain why moderates and Radical Republicans joined forces and their actions on behalf of African Americans • Republicans joined forces to protect African Americans from postwar violence. • Overrode presidential vetoes to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and extend the Freedman’s Bureau. • Passed the 14th Amendment Relate why President Johnson was impeached, and explain why the Senate acquitted him. The impeachment of President Johnson Reasons why the House voted to impeach General dislike of lenient Reconstruction policies Johnson’s “scandalous” speeches and “disgraceful” acts Reasons why the Senate vote to acquit Violation of the Tenure of Office Act Weak case; hypercritical attacks on Johnson Fear that impeachment would weaken future presidents and threaten checks and balances Explain why African Americans were crucial to the election of 1868 and how Republicans responded to their support. • African American votes helped Ulysses S. Grant win the presidency. • Republicans responded by passing the 15th Amendment to extend the vote to African American men. Section 3 Objectives • Explain how African Americans attempted to improve their lives during the Reconstruction era. • Identify Republican reforms. • Relate how some African Americans responded to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan. • Describe why Reconstruction ended. Explain how African Americans attempted to improve their lives during the Reconstruction era. Relate how some African Americans responded to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan. African American life during Reconstruction Efforts to Improve Lives Responses to KKK Registered to vote Retaliated by burning barns Joined and formed political organizations; lobbied for political equality Lobbied for congressional protection Built churches and schools Served as delegates to state constitutional conventions Identify Republican reforms. • Creation of new state constitutions. • Abolition of property qualifications for jurors and candidates. • The creation of new services. • The establishment of new roads and bridges. Describe why Reconstruction ended. • • • • • General economic and political issues: The Panic of 1873: Reaction to rising immigration: The actions of southern Redeemers: The Compromise of 1877: Section 4 Objectives • Analyze the drawbacks to the sharecropping system. • Assess how Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision changed life for southern African Americans. • Explain how African Americans attempted to improve their economic situation after Reconstruction. • Compare the views of Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells. Analyze the drawbacks to the sharecropping system. • Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time, forcing them into the crop-lien system. • Required famers to concentrate on one crop, leaving them and the region dependent on outside suppliers for human and animal food. Assess how Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision changed life for southern African Americans. • Jim Crow laws introduced widespread segregation. • Plessy v. Ferguson codified that segregation. • The laws limited African Americans’ opportunites. Explain how African Americans attempted to improve their economic situation after Reconstruction. Compare the views of Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells. African Americans’ Attempts to Improve Their Economic Situation • Formed aid societies and cooperatives. • Supported churches and schools • Supported businesses. Booker T. Washington’s Response to Jim Crow Laws • Wanted African Americans to achieve economic independence. • Discouraged African Americans from protesting discrimination. Ida B. Well’s Response to Jim Crow Laws • Urged African Americans to protest discrimination. • Wanted African Americans to leave the South.