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Name: _______________ Electric Circuits Study Guide – Exam: Tuesday, March 20 • A circuit is a closed path, or loop, through which electricity flows. • A circuit may be shown with either a drawing or a diagram that includes symbols. The symbols represent the different parts of the circuit, but they do not necessarily look like the circuit parts. For example, the symbol for a battery does not look like a battery. A diagram of an electric circuit is shown below. • • When charged particles flow through a circuit, the moving charges produce an electric current. • An electric circuit must run in a complete loop. When there is no break in the loop, it is a closed circuit. • When there is a break in the loop, it is an open circuit. Electricity will not flow in an open circuit. • In a series circuit, such as the one shown below, all parts of the circuit are connected in a single loop. An advantage of series circuits is that they are simpler than parallel circuits. • A disadvantage of series circuits: o A break anywhere in the path stops the flow of electricity in the entire circuit so any loads (like light bulbs or buzzers) connected to the circuit turn off. In parallel circuits, loads are connected to different branches. An example of a parallel circuit is shown below. • • The advantage to this type of circuit is that if there is a break in one branch, the other branches (and the loads attached to them) will still work. The disadvantage of a parallel circuit is that it requires more complex wiring. • conductor – a material through which electricity can pass • insulator– a material through which an electric current will not pass • filament - a fine wire that becomes hot and produces light when an electric current passes through it. • Semicondutor diode- A device that allows electricity to flow in only one direction. • Energy is the ability to do work. Electrical Energy Electrical energy comes from the movement of charged particles, such as electrons. This kind of energy is also referred to as electricity. Electricity travels through conducting materials, such as wires. Electrical energy is very important because machines can change electricity into many other forms of energy. Electrical energy can be converted into heat, light, sound, or mechanical energy. For example, electrical energy can be changed into: • light energy when electrical energy causes the metal wire in a light bulb to glow • sound energy when electrical energy causes speakers in a radio to vibrate For extra practice go to Mr. G’s Webpage>Science>Electric Circuits and try the following activities: • Electric Circuits – Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Log in to Study Island>My Class>Mr. Galuska Science 11_12>Electric Circuits Review. Try Game Mode and Flash Card Mode.